2022年初中物理实验考点归纳 .pdf
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1、初中物理实验考点归纳1.力学基础性1.天平测质量【实验目的】用托盘天平测质量。【实验器材】天平(托盘天平)。【实验步骤】1.把天平放在水平桌面上,取下两端的橡皮垫圈。2.游码移到标尺最左端零刻度处(游码归零,游码的最左端与零刻度线对齐)。3.调节两端的平衡螺母(若左盘较高,平衡螺母向左拧;右盘同理),直至指针指在刻度盘中央,天平水平平衡。4.左物右码,直至天平重新水平平衡。(加减砝码或移动游码)5.读数时,被测物体质量=砝码质量+游码示数(m 物=m 砝+m 游)【实验记录】此物体质量如图:62 g2.弹簧测力计测力【实验目的】用弹簧测力计测力【实验器材】细线、弹簧测力计、钩码、木块【实验步骤
2、】测量前:1.完成弹簧测力计的调零。(沿测量方向水平调零)2.记录该弹簧测力计的测量范围是 05 N,最小分度值是 0.2 N。测量时:拉力方向沿着弹簧伸长方向。【实验结论】如图所示,弹簧测力计的示数F=1.8 N。3.验证阿基米德原理【实验目的】定量探究浸在液体中的物体受到的浮力大小与物体排开液体的重力之间的关系。【实验器材】弹簧测力计、金属块、量筒、水【实验步骤】1.把金属块挂在弹簧测力计下端,记下测力计的示数F1。2.在量筒中倒入适量的水,记下液面示数V1。3.把金属块浸没在水中,记下测力计的示数F2 和此时液面的示数V2。4.根据测力计的两次示数差计算出物体所受的浮力(F 浮=F1-F
3、2)。5.计算出物体排开液体的体积(V2-V1),再通过G水=(V2-V1)g 计算出物体排开液体的重力。6.比较浸在液体中的物体受到浮力大小与物体排开液体重力之间的关系。(物体所受浮力等于物体排开液体所受重力)【实验结论】液体受到的浮力大小等于物体排开液体所受重力的大小4.测定物质的密度(1)测定固体的密度【实验目的】测固体密度【实验器材】天平、量筒、水、烧杯、细线、石块等。【实验原理】=m/v文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5
4、H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3
5、文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5
6、H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3
7、文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5
8、H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3
9、文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5
10、H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3【实验步骤】1.用天平测量出石块的质量为 48.0 g。2.在量筒中倒入适量的水,测得水的体积为20 ml。3.将石块浸没在量筒内的水中,测得石块的体积为cm 3。【实验结论】根据公式计算出石块的密度为 2400 kg/m 3。多次实验目的:多次测量取平均值,减小误差(2)测定液体的密度【实验目的】测液体密度【实验步骤】1.测出容器与液体的总质量(m总)。2.将一部分液体倒入量筒中,读出体积V。3.测容器质量(m容)与剩余液体质量(m剩=m总-m 容)。4.算出密度:5.探究物质质量和体积与哪些因素有关【实验目的】探究质量与体积的关系,为了研究物质的某种
11、特性,形成密度的概念。【实验器材】量筒、天平、水、体积不等的若干铜块和铁块。【实验步骤】1.用天平测出不同铜块和铁块的质量,用量筒测出不同铜块和铁块的体积。2.要记录的物理量有质量,体积。3.设计表格:文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H
12、3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO
13、5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H
14、3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO
15、5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H
16、3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO
17、5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3【实验结论】1.同种物质,质量与体积成正比。2.同种物质,质量和体积的比值相同。3.不同物质,质量和体积的比值不同。4.体积相同的不同物质,质量不同。6.探究
18、二力平衡的条件【实验目的】探究当物体只受两个力作用而处于平衡状态时,这两个力必须满足的条件。【实验器材】弹簧测力计、一张硬纸板、细绳、剪刀等。【实验步骤】探究当物体处于静止时,两个力的关系;探究当物体处于匀速直线运动状态时,两个力的关系1.如图a 所示,作用在同一物体上的两个力,在大小相等、方向相反的情况下,它们还必须在同一直线,这二力才能平衡。2.如图b、c 所示,两个力在大小相等、方向相反且在同一直线上的情况下,它们还必须在同一物体上,这二力才能平衡。【实验结论】二力平衡的条件:1.大小相等(等大)2.方向相反(反向)3.同一直线(共线)4.同一物体(同体)7.探究液体内部压强与哪些因素有
19、关文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO
20、5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H
21、3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO
22、5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H
23、3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO
24、5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H
25、3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3【实验目的】探究液体内部压强与哪些因素有关【实验器材】U 形管压强计、大量筒、水、盐水等。【实验步骤】1.将金属盒放入水中一定深度,观察U 形管液面高度差变大,这说明同种液体,深度越深,液体内部压强越大。2.保持金属盒在水中的深度,改变金属盒的方向,观察U 形管液面的高度差相同,这现象说明:同种液体,深度相同,液体内部向各个方向的压强都相等。3.保持金属盒
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