2022年螺杆钻具使用手册.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 上海奥森油田服务Shanghai Ocean Oilfield Service Co. Downhole Motor -1、前言1、 Introduction 上海奥森油田服务为渤海石油天津钻井部供应螺杆钻具设备服务,与此同时联 同各油田、科研院所,在消化国内外先进技术,结合我国国情的基础上,开发和制造出Shanghai Ocean Oilfield Service Co supplied Downhole Motor to Drilling Department of Bohai Offshore Oil 多种型号的螺杆钻具,能为油田供应中意

2、服 务；本手册主要介绍螺杆钻具的性能和使用 要求以及留意事项,便于用户更好地明白我公司的钻具,结合钻井的需要,选好、用好、保护好钻具,发挥其应有的技术性能,提高Company LTD.Tianjin, on base of mastering foreign and domestic advanced technology and linking China national situation, has developed and manufactured some types of screw drills in cooperation 钻井经济效益；with oilfields and

3、scientific research 2螺杆钻具工作原理institutes. With them, we may provide 螺杆钻具是以泥浆为动力的一种井下动力钻具；泥浆泵泵出的泥浆液流经旁通阀进 入马达,在马达进出口处形成肯定压差推动 马达的转子旋转,并将扭矩和转速通过万向 轴和传动轴传递给钻头；螺杆钻具的性能主 要取决于螺杆马达的性能参数；satisfactory services to the oilfields. This manual mainly introduces screw drill property, application and cautions, so a

4、s for the customers to know well our screw drills, and to do better selection, application, repair and maintenance of screw drill according to drilling demand. As a result, our screw drill may bring into play in its reliable technical function, to enhance drilling economic efficiency. 2、 Principle S

5、crew drill is a kind of downhole dynamic drilling tool upon the power of drilling mud. Mud stream from the outlet of mud pump flows through a by-pass valve into the motor. This stream produces pressure loss at both inlet and outlet of the pump, to push the rotor into rotating, and to transmit the to

6、rque and speed onto the bit. The screw drill property mainly depends upon its 3螺杆钻具的组成property parameters composed of four 3、 Constitution 螺杆钻具由旁通阀、马达、万向轴Screw drill is 和传动轴四大总成组成如图1assemblies of by-pass valve, motor, cardan 1 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 上海奥森油田服务Shanghai

7、 Ocean Oilfield Service Co. Downhole Motor -31 旁通阀总成 它有旁通和关闭两个位置如图2,在起下钻作业过程中处于旁通位3.1 By-pass Valve Assembly It has two positions of by-pass and close Fig.2. It is in by-pass position during trip operation, circulates mud 置,使钻柱中泥浆循围绕过不工作马fluid in the drill string into the annular space by-passing 达进

8、入环空,这样起下钻时泥浆不溢 于井台上；当泥浆流量和压力到达标 准设定值时,阀芯下移,关闭旁通阀 孔,此时泥浆流经马达,把压力能转 变成机械能；当泥浆流量值过小或停 泵时,所产生的压力不足以克服弹簧 力和静摩擦力时,弹簧把阀芯顶起,旁通阀孔又处于开启位置；32 马达总成 它由定子和转子组成；定子是在 钢管内壁上压注橡胶衬套而成；橡胶 内孔是具有肯定几何参数的螺旋；转 子是一根有镀铬硬层的螺杆；转子与定子相互啮合,是用两者 的导程差而形成的螺旋密封线,同时 形成密封腔；随着转子在定子中的转 动,密封腔沿着轴向移动,不断的生 成与消逝,完成其能量转换,这就是 螺杆马达的基本工作原理；马达转子的螺旋

9、线有单头和多头the idle motor, so that no mud may spray out onto the platform during the trip operation. When mud flow rate and pressure reach the setting value, the valve stem moves down and closes the valve. Meanwhile, mud stream flows through the motor, and converts the pressure energy into mechanical en

10、ergy. As mud flow rate is too low, or mud pump stops, and as the created pressure is not enough to overcome spring force and static friction force, the spring presses the stem upward ,and by-pass is in open position. 3.2 Motor Assembly It consists of stator and rotor. Stator is made by squeezing rub

11、ber sleeve on the wall of steel tube. There forms spiral structure with a certain geometric parameter. Rotor is a crome-plated screw rod. Stator and rotor matches with each other, to form spiral line and seal cavity through their guide rail difference. With rotor running in the stator, the seal cavi

12、ty is moving along its axial direction, continuously forms and disappears ,to complete its energy conversion. This is 之分定子的螺旋线头数比转子多1；the basic principle of screw drill. motor 转子的头数越少,转速越高,扭矩越 小 ; 头数越多,转速越低,扭矩越大；图 3 是几种典型马达协作的截面轮廊：Spiral seal line on rotor is divided into single end and multi-end st

13、ator with one more end than rotor. The less ends the motor has, the higher speed and the lower torque is. The more ends it has, the lower speed and the higher torque is. Fig.3 shows the sectional profile of several typical motors. 2 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 上海奥森油田服务Sh

14、anghai Ocean Oilfield Service Co. Downhole Motor -Mpa, 最大压降为额定工作压 力的 1.3 倍,如四级马达, 额定压 降 应 为 3.2Mpa, 最 大 压 降 为 4.2Mpa；压降超过此值马达就会 产生泄漏,转速很快下降,严峻 时会完全停止转动,甚至造成马 达损坏,用户应特殊留意；为了确保马达的密封成效,转子与定子之间的协作尺寸与不 同井深的温度有关 ,因此在挑选钻 具时应尽可能精确地供应应厂家 钻具应用场所的井温情形,以便 举荐使用松紧协作状态适合的马 达；现场使用的泥浆流量应在推 荐的范畴之内 ,否就将影响马达效 率,甚至马达磨损加

15、快；马达的输出扭矩与马达的压 降成正比,输出转速与输入泥浆 量成正比,随着负载的增加,钻 具的转速有所降低,因此在地面 只要依据压力表掌握压力,依据 流量计掌握泵的流量,就可以控 制井下钻具的扭矩和转速；32 1 中空转子马达 为了增加钻头的水马力和泥 浆的上返速度,将转子加工成为 带喷咀的中空转子；此马达的总 流量应等于流经马达密封腔流量 和流经转子喷咀流量的总和,每 种规格的马达都有其举荐的最大 和最小流量值；假如流量过大,转子会超速运转,定子和转子会A guide rail forms a seal cavity in motor stator. This is called one s

16、tage. When the rated working pressure of each stage lows down to 0.8 Mpa, the maximum pressure loss will be 1.3 times of the rated pressure. For an example, for 4-stage motor, the rated pressure loss shall be 3.2 Mpa, maximum pressure loss shall be 4.2 Mpa. As the pressure loss is over such value, m

17、otor may bring about leakage and speed will quickly slow down. More seriously, it may cause operation into complete stop, even cause the motor to be damaged. This is the caution for the customers. In order to ensure rotor seal in good condition, the matching size between rotor and stator relates clo

18、sely to depth temperature. Therefore, correct downhole temperature shall be provided to the manufacturer for reliable selection of appropriate motor. The actual mud flow rate is required in the recommended range. Otherwise incorrect flow rate may affect the motor efficiency, even cause speeding up m

19、otor wear. Motor torque is proportional to its pressure loss, but its outlet speed is inversely proportional to mud flow rate. With load increasing, screw drill speed decreases. Thus, pressure shall be controlled by the pressure gauge and flow rate shall be controlled by the flow rate gauge on surfa

20、ce. This way may control both torque and speed of downhole screw drill. 3 21 Hollow Rotor Motor To increase hydraulic horsepower and upward speed of mud stream, rotor is manufactured into hollow rotor with nozzles. Thus, motor total flow rate is equal to the sum of the flow rate through seal cavity

21、显现提前损坏,假如流量过小,and rotor. Each type of motor has its own 马达将停止转动；因此在挑选转 recommended maximum and minimum flow rate 子喷咀尺寸时,应确保马达密封 腔流量始终保持或高于最小举荐value. If flow rate is too high, rotor may be running at over speed, earlier damage would occur onto stator 流量值,这样才能使马达正常运 and rotor. If it is too low, motor

22、will stop operating. 转；Therefore, the flow rate through seal cavity shall be ensured or even higher than the recommended maintenance value ,while selecting nozzle size. Only in this way, can motor be kept in normal operation. 3 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 上海奥森油田服务Shangha

23、i Ocean Oilfield Service Co. Downhole Motor -在泥浆密度、喷咀尺寸和马达流When mud density, nozzle size and total flow 量为定量时,流经转子喷咀的流量和 流经马达密封腔的流量总是随负载 变化而变化的；钻头离开井底,马达 负载近似为零,此时流经转子喷咀流 量最小,而流经马达密封腔的流量最 大；钻头钻进,使马达压差不断增加,使流经转子喷咀流量增加,而此时流 经马达密封腔流量削减；rate is a constant value, the flow rate through nozzle and seal cav

24、ity always changes with the load. On bit leaving hole bottom ,the load is approximately zero . Whereas, the flow rate becomes minimum through nozzle on the rotor, but the flow rate becomes maximum through the seal cavity. While the bit dropping down, motor pressure loss will continuously increase, a

25、nd the flow rate through 流经马达密封腔的流量为Qm,通rotor nozzle will become higher, but the flow rate through the seal cavity will become lower. Flow rate through seal cavity is Qm, Flow rate through nozzle is Qz. Then ,total flow rate Q = Qm + Qz Suppose motor speed n, calculate Qm Volumetric efficiency 过马达喷咀

26、的流量Qz；即：总流量Q=Qm+Qz 设定马达转速n 值运算 Qm 值QMnq60L/s容积效率v 取QMnq60L/s Qz = Q Qm L/s 喷咀直径So Qz = Q Qm L/s Nozzle diameter d4898pQ2d4898pQ22 mm 2 mm PPQm- 马达密封腔流量L/s Qm-Flow rate of motor seal cavity L/s Qz-Flow rate of rotor nozzleL/s Qz-转子喷咀的流量L/s Q-Total flow rate of motor with hollow rotor L/s Q- 中空转子马达的总流

27、量L/s v -V olumetric efficiency v -容积效率Motor pressure loss P = Pst + Pop 马达压降P = Pst + Pop .PstMotor start pressure loss Mpa .PopMotor operating pressure loss Mpa . Pst马达启动压降 Mpa Mud density kg/L . Pop马达工作压降 Mpa In the equation, q is flow rate of hollow rotor motor 泥浆比重 kg/L L/r 运算公式中 q 为中空转子马达的每转 Fo

28、r the parameters, see table-1 排量 L/r 其数值参见表 1；4 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 上海奥森油田服务Shanghai Ocean Oilfield Service Co. Downhole Motor -按以上举荐运算公式,用户可 以依据使用需要随时更换不同直 径的喷咀,从而到达抱负的成效；Based on the above recommended equation, the customers can timely change different diameter

29、 nozzles according to the actual demand, so as to reach ideal effect. 表 1 5LZ165X14.0 BH Table 1 5LZ165X7.0Y BH 5LZ197X7.0Y BH 5LZ197X14.0 BH 5LZ120X7.0Y BH 5LZ95X7.0Y BH 5 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 上海奥森油田服务Shanghai Ocean Oilfield Service Co. Downhole Motor -33 万向轴总成 3

30、.3 Cardan Shaft 万向轴的作用是将马达的行星运 The function of cardan shaft is to convert 动转变为传动轴的定轴转动,将马达 产生的扭矩及转速传递给传动轴至钻 头；万向轴大多采纳瓣形,也有采纳 挠轴形式的；渤海启明钻具的瓣型万 向轴采纳线切割技术制成,切口平行planetary motion into fixed constant rotation of drive shaft, to transmit torque and speed from motor on the drive shaft ,and to the bit. Card

31、an shaft mostly use flat shaft ,but some are flexible shafts .Our flat type shaft used on our screw drill is made by linear cutting 度高,粗糙度可达且不破坏金属technology. So the cut has high parallelism ,roughness 化学成分,因此使用寿命高、机械损can reachAnd it doesnt damage metal chemical 失小如图4；composition. Thus, it has longer

32、 running life and less mechanical loss Fig.4. 钻具使用后,应立刻拆卸,检查万向轴,如磨损量超过修理标准,应 准时更换有关易损件,否就会因万向 轴的使用过度致使钻具无法正常工Screw drill shall be disassemblied as quickly as possible after use to examine cardan shaft. If it is found out that wear degree is over maintenance 作；standard, relevant consumable components

33、 shall be 34 传动轴总成 传动轴的作用是将马达的旋转动changed promptly. If it is not, screw drill can not be running normally due to over run time of cardan 力传递给钻头,同时承担钻压所产生 shaft. 的轴向和径向负荷；我公司制造的钻 具传动轴总成有两种结构：3.4 Drive Shaft Assembly Drive shaft is to transmit motor rotary dynamic （1）钻头水眼压降为7.0Mpa,采force onto the bit,

34、meanwhile to withstand axial and 用硬质合金径向轴承和中间radial load from drilling weight. We have two types of （2）有一组推力轴承的传动轴总drive shafts, as follows: 成如图 5；1Bit nozzle pressure loss is 7.0 Mpa, using 钻头水眼压降为14.0Mpa,采hard alloy radial bearing and drive shaft assembly 用硬质合金径向轴承和金刚with thrust bearings Fig.5; 石复

35、合片 PDC的平面止推2Bit nozzle pressure loss is 14.0 Mpa, using hard 轴承, 其寿命更长、 承载才能alloy radial bearing and PDC cutter flat thrust 更高；bearing. It has longer lasting life and higher bearing capacity. 6 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 上海奥森油田服务Shanghai Ocean Oilfield Service Co. Downh

36、ole Motor -4螺杆钻具型号说明 4. Model Number例： 5 表示为转子头数与定子头数It expresses: Ratio of the number of rotor ends 比为 5 6 的、外径为165mm 螺and the number of stator ends is 5:6;O.D of Screw 杆钻具,钻头水眼压降为7.0Mpa；drill is 165mm; Bit nozzle pressure loss is 7.0 Mpa; BH 渤海 ；BH is Bo Hai 5. Application Notices 5使用须知5.1 Site dr

37、illing technical persons and drillers shall 5 1 井场钻井技术人员和司钻必know well screw drill structure principle and 须明白钻具的结构原理和使用参technical parameters, correctly apply screw drill in 数；按使用手册的要求合理使用accordance with requirements specified in this 钻具；manual. 5 2 依据整个井眼的钻井作业计 划,由钻井工程师依据任务结合 地层结构、井眼孔径、深度、机 械转速选定所用钻

38、头与钻具型 号,打算水眼直径和钻具组合；现场施工必需严格按制定的钻井5.2 Drilling engineer shall make operation program upon the whole hole, and select the model of screw drill and bit to be used , determine nozzle size and screw drill combination according to formation edge structure, hole size, depth and mechanical speed . The dete

39、rmined drilling program shall be strictly carried 作业方案执行；out accordingly on the location. 5 3 对钻井液的要求：螺杆钻具 5.3 Drilling Fluid Requirement: Screw drill motor 的马达为容积式,打算钻具性能 的因素是马达的输入流量和作用 于两端的压力降,而不是钻井液shall be volumetric. The key factor to screw drill property is motor inlet flow rate, and the press

40、ure loss functioning onto both ends. But it is not the kind of 的类型；钻井液的物理化学性能 drilling fluid. Physical and chemical property of 除个别有损钻具寿命外,一般不 drilling fluid, except the individual damage to screw 影响钻具性能,应留意考虑钻井 drill running life, normally does not affect its 7 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 21 页精选学习资

41、料 - - - - - - - - - 上海奥森油田服务Shanghai Ocean Oilfield Service Co. Downhole Motor -工艺的需要；但钻井液所含的各种硬颗 粒必需予以限制,由于它会加速轴承、马达的磨损而降低钻具的使用寿命,建This shall be considered for the need of drilling process. However, the content of hard grains in mud stream must be limited since they can speed up wear 议固相含砂量不超过 1%事实

42、证明：假 of bearing and motor, may cause shortening screw 设含砂量到达 5% ,钻具寿命会降低 drill running life. It is suggested that solid sand 50%；同时留意钻井液中不要混有各种 气体,由于混有气体的钻井液在钻具中content should not be over 1% actually when sand content is 5%, running life will be reduced by 50%. 压力的变化下简洁产生“ 气蚀作用”,加Also, take care, no

43、t let drilling fluid mixed with any “Gas 速钻具的损坏,特殊是定子橡胶更简洁gas , because the fluid with gas may easily cause 被气蚀坏,必需予以足够的重视；Erosion”It may speed up tool damage with change 5 4 使用钻头的挑选：与螺杆钻具一起 使用的钻头在挑选上是非常重要的问of pressure. In particular, the rubber on stator is more easily damaged by gas erosion. Enough attention shall 题；因此螺杆钻具是否能胜利的发挥作 be paid to this problem. 用的几个因素中,钻头与钻具的匹配是 最