2022年首字母填空做题技巧讲解.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 首字母填空讲解如何做好首字母填空题首字母填空类短文题是近几年中考试题常常采纳的题型之一,由于它有特别好的信度 和效度,又能拉开考生间的分差、提高区分度；这种题型属于才能测试的范畴,它考查的范围极广, 可以是英语学问的方方面面,仍可能涉及其它学科；它要求考生在充分懂得短文的基础上将单词拼写出来,并且单词形式合理,符合语法规范, 符合短文需要；这种试题的首字母已给,所填的就必需是该字母开头的单词；这既是一种限制,又是一种提示；可是这种题型因难度相对较大,考生失分现象比较严峻；同学要认真阅读全文,利用 上下文供应的有关信息,再认真阅读相关句子,判定所

2、缺单词的句子成分,才能完成练习；完型填空式中考试卷中最难的题型,最能测量考生实际运用语言的才能；要做好此类题目,考生不但要有较强的语感,善于体会上下文的内在联系,而且要有扎实的语言学问储备和较大的词汇量；考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和代词这几大词类；首字母填空特点及中考趋势：1首字母填空题答题时要求既要使所填的词在语法和语义上正确,又要使其符合短文内容与情形的需要,所给出的词首字母同时起着提示和限定的作用；它不仅考查学生在词汇、语法等方面的基础学问,仍考察懂得、推导、分析等综合才能；2从近几年的考题来看,短文填空题所考查的单词涉及的词性范畴较广,几乎涉及到了十大词类； 文中所涉及的语言学

3、问面较宽,同学需运用已学过的词法、句法及常用词组、短语、惯用法等学问进行详细分析后再答题,有肯定的难度；文章短小、精致,字数通常在 100150之间； 短文的体裁不一, 有记叙文、 说明文、 谈论文等；短文题材丰富,内容通俗易懂,与现代生活紧密相关,如：英国人分期付款购房；度假回来的路上买家具的小故事；食物对不同年龄段的人的不同影响；被驯化的动物可以为人们做事情等,可读性、趣味性强,符合中同学的认知特点；首字母填空的解题方法和技巧：短文填空题失分率较高,其缘由也是较多的；有些同学或急于求成,或过于自信,或为节约时间,在未通读完全文时便匆忙答题；殊不知这样做会适得其反,达不到良好的成效；名师归纳

4、总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 因此,明白和把握正确的解题方法和技巧是特别必要的；通读全文,明白大意 短文中虽有一些词未知,但不影响对文章主要内容的懂得；在初步阅读中,可以跳 过空格,尽量捕获文章所供应的内容信息,以及语法结构方面的提示,有助于下一步 的分析与判定；再读全文,理清脉络通读全文、 把握大意后, 仍应逐字逐句地认真阅读,从文意中找出句与文、句与句、词与句、词与词之间的关系,特殊是一些不易察觉的、隐含的微妙关系,用已知信息 去猎取未知信息,以便初步确定答案；在答题过程中,同学们可以把有把握的词先填 好,逐步削减空

5、格对阅读造成的障碍,然后再认真推敲剩下的难题；认真推敲,确保精确 词义判定正确了不等于答题正确,同学们仍应从词法、句法、惯用法等方面考虑答 案的精确性；有的同学经过摸索确定了一个意思正确的词作为答案,但忽视了从语法 角度再进行验证,因而显现了一些与时态、人称等有关的词形变化的错误；假如填的词是名词,第一要考虑到单、复数的问题；假如是动词,要考虑应使用什么时态和语 态；留意：填入的词既能使句意通顺,又能做到语法、用词搭配的正确；如 bought易误答 成buy；lights 易误答成 light ； reaches易误答成 reach; heavier易误答成 heavy等；因此,在初步确定答案

6、后,肯定仍要反复考虑,认真推敲,确保用词精确复读全文,全面检查 答题完毕后复读全文,进行核查是必不行少的；做完题后,肯定要认真检查,尽量削减 马虎所致的笔误或拼写错误,对有疑问的地方,更要依据文章的内容、上下文的语法结构、规律进展进行反复斟酌,这样才能尽量防止失分；专项题型解析：例题解析：Dogs are good pets. They are very f 1 to people and also very beautiful. Most dogs get on very well with c 2 and their parents. Others are good watch-dogs

7、because they cry loudly when a s 3 arrives. When you buy a dog, an important thing to think about is its s 4 buy a small dog if 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - your home is small and a bigger one if y 5 is larger. Many people dont know how much to feed their dogs. Dogs eat a

8、6 anything. They like meat, rice and lots of other things. You can buy lots of food m 7 for dogs in shops. Dont let your dogs eat too much. Feed it only once a day. Always l 8 water for your dog. It can get thirsty very quickly, especially in s 9 . Remember that dogs need e 10 . You should take it f

9、or a walk every day. Dont keep your dog inside all day. 答案及简析1. friendly. 人们之所以把狗作为宠物来养,主要是由于它们比较通人性,且对人很友好,能给人们带来欢快；依据“ be very f 1 to people ”来分析,此空应填一个形容词,说明狗对人的态度； friend 是名词, friendly 是形容词,故friendly 是正确答案；2. children. 宠物狗自然是在家中养,它们除了听主人的话以外,与家中的小主人即孩子也是好伴侣；由于是指大多数家庭的情形,并受 their 一词的提示,此处应填“孩子 ”的

10、复数形式,即 children ；3. stranger. 狗的天性是护家；文中的watch-dogs 意为 “看家狗 ”,特地指有生人来时发出叫喊的狗； “ 生人 ”在英文中即为 stranger；4. size. 这个空略微有点难；一是size 一词平常用得较少,二是一般家庭都养小型犬,供狗活动的空间一般不成问题,因此,对狗的体积问题考虑的较少；从后面的句子来看,此处是在谈狗的体积的问题“ 假如你的家小, 就买一只小狗； 假如你的家大, 就买一只大狗； ”5. yours. 这是一个名词性物主代词,代替上半句的 your home；此句完整的说法应是 buy a small dog if

11、your home is small and buy a bigger one if your home is larger. 为防止词的重复使用,在英文句子中常用名词性物主代词代替前面的那个名词；本文最突出的一个特点就是决大多数需填词的后面都有一句或两句话的内容是对所填词的内容进行补充说明的；因此,在做这种类型的题时,肯定要留意分析上下文的内容,进行推理和归纳,正确的懂得句意,最终打算出正确的词及其正确形式；巩固练习：There was an old man who loved money very much. He n 1 gave anything to anybody. After s

12、ome years he became r 2 . One day he was walking near the river with his friends when he fell into the river. His friends 名师归纳总结 ran to help him. One of them held out his hand and cried, “Give me your hand, and Ill 第 3 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - out！”The rich m 4 head went down the

13、 water a 5 then came up again, but he did not g 6 his hand to his friend. Again another of his friends tried, but again the s 7 thing happened. Then a 8 friend, Nasreddin, said, “Take my hand and Ill pull you out.” The rich man took his hand and Nasreddin pulled him out of the water. “You don t know

14、 your friend ver y w 9 . ” Nasreddin said to the others. ”“When you say Giveto him, he d 10 nothing, but when you say ！ he always takes.答案与简析：守财奴闹出了笑话；文中谈了一次救人的过程,解题时要依据当时的情形特殊留意“give ”和“take ”的妙用；1. never. 由于 love money,所以他决不会 “赐予 ” ；never 意为 “ 从不 ” ；2. rich. rich 是形容词,作表语；由于从不施舍,几年后他就富有了；3. pull.

15、pull.out 意为 “ 把 拉出来 ”；4. man s. head 为名词,要选用man 的全部格形式；5. and. and then.意为 “ 后来又 ” ；and 起并列作用；6. give. give.to. 意为 “把 给 ” ；7. same. 句意为：又发生了同样的情形；8. another. another 表示不定指的 “又一个,另一个” ；9. well. well 为副词, know well 意思是 “ 很明白 ” ；10. does. 这句话是引述原话,故用一般现在时；do nothing 表示 “什么事都不干 ”；例题解析A 名师归纳总结 - - - - -

16、- -第 4 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Do you know the word “brunch ”. In the West, many people like to have brunch1b_ or early lunch. People often have brunch 2 b_ 10 a. m. and 2 p.m. on Sunday because they prefer to get up 3 l_ after a weeks hard work or want to enjoy brunch with their parents, or

17、 friends. That is a relaxing and interesting 4w_ of eating for most families. Today, brunch has become 5 p_ in big hotels. One can 6 e_ ask for or cook it himself. To make it 7 l_ like both breakfast and lunch, people choose to have lots of dishes. You may often see the following 8 f_ on the table,

18、meat, eggs, fruit, 9 v_, orange juice, tea and bacon. Do you have brunch at 10 w_. If not, why not try. .答案与解析3：这是一篇说明文,文章介绍了近年来在西方流行的brunch早午餐 ；brunch 一词是由breakfast 与 lunch 中的字母 br 和 unch 合在一起构成的；1. breakfast, 由下句 “early lunch ” 和前面的对应词late 可知brunch 是比 breakfast 要晚,而比 lunch 要早；2. between, 这里的 betwe

19、en and 是固定搭配；3. late, 依据句中的状语“ on Sunday” 和“ after a weeks hard work可知在周末由于人们都在家休息,所以起床会较完；4. way, 对大部分家庭来说,这种brunch 只是一种新的放松好玩的进餐方式；5. popular, 目前在西方, brunch 已经成为一种时尚,越来越受到人们的欢迎；6. either, 这是一个等立连词,either or ,意思是 ” 或者 或者 ” ；7. look, 由于 brunch 介于 breakfast 和 lunch 之间,所以人们在做起 brunch 来,既要像breakfast,又要

20、像 lunch；look like 的意思就是 ” 看起来似乎 ”；8. food, 依据下面所列举的内容可知答案；9. vegetables, 英语中,以字母 10.weekend, 依据文章的介绍,巩固练习v 开头的 food 就是 vegetables 了；brunch 是在周末人们所享用的进餐方式；Most people have f_ a kite or have seen one rise and dip in the strong spring wind. Not so many people know that kites were first made in China t_

21、 of years ago. The a_ Chinese were making flying kites even before they were writing. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A long time ago, the Chinese made kites to use in the wars. They would fly these war kites in the d_. The kites were fixed so that they made strong sounds. Me

22、n who were at war with them would hear these sounds and run away. They thought those strong sounds were m_ by god in the sky. The ancient Chinese also flew kites to b_ good luck and to make their crops grow rich and tall. Sometimes they tied long strings and hooks to the kites. Then they fly the kit

23、es o_ water letting the hooks hang down to catch fish. The Chinese use sticks, strings and paper for their kites. Some of the kites look like animals or trees. O_ look like birds or houses. 首字母填空训练：1 At different times in a mans life his food has different effects 影响 on his body. Among children f 1

24、is quickly changed to the power力气 to run and play games. Most of a young mans food is spent on growing t 2 ; We grow upwards only d 3 the first twenty years of our l 4 , not later. Working men get their strong bodies from their food; and if they work h 5 , they do not get fat. Office workers eat wel

25、l and s 6 down a lot, and may begin to grow fat when s 7 quite young. Many older people t 8 to work much and walk often. P 9 the most difficult time is when a man r 10 sixty years of age. His body and mind b 11 restful, without much work or interest. That is when food changes quickly to f 12 . （1）1.

26、food 2. tall 3. during 4. lives 5. hard 6. sit 7. still 8. try 11. become 12. fat2 9. Perhaps 10. reaches Bats蝙蝠 are the only flying animals in the world. It is k 1 to all that they cannot see very well. As b 2 as a bat is often heard. Yet, they have no t 3 flying on the darkest nights and f 4 their

27、 way round very well. Why can bats fly and see at night. They fly b 5 radar雷达 . The bats radar w 6 the same way as the radar on ships and planes. As a bat flies t 7 the air, it makes a sound. If the sounds hit t 8 , they will come back and the bats ears will r 9 the message. In this way, the bat is

28、a 10 to know where the things are. Bats go out for f 11 at night. In the daytime, they hang in some d 12 places. 1.known 2. blind 3.trouble 4. finding 5.by 6.works 7. through 8.things 9. reaches 10. able 11. food 12. dark （3）Tennis is in its second life. Its first game b 1 2 in France. The name of t

29、he game comes from the French word tennez. The English men c the game tennis when they watched the Frenchmen play 800 years ago. The Englishmen liked the French game. Tennis courts were built in every park, in every city, 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - just l 3 today. The tw

30、o countries played a 4 each other. At first they played for honor. Then they w 5 money. Later people began cheating（欺诈） to get money. Three hundred years ago the game was forbidden （禁止） to stop the cheating. The game a 6 disappeared. Americans found the old courts when they went to Europe 100 years

31、ago. They learned w 7 they could do about the game. They liked the game as the Englishmen had b 8 . After returning home, the Americans built tennis courts. Tennis began to become p 9 in all the United States. Now it is one of the most e 10 games in the world again. 1. began 2. called 3. like 4. aga

32、inst 5. won 6. almost 7. what 8. before 9. popular 10. exciting 4 There are four people in my family. Every day my parents are very busy t 1 to make money in order to pay the high tuition 学费） for my brother and me. They h 2 say I love you or send f 3 to each other. Besides,my father has a bad temper

33、 脾气 . It is easy for him to lose his temper w 4 hes very tired from the hard work. I didnt know whether there was love between them u 5 one spring. At that time ,my father suddenly got badly sick .My mother had to stay with him in the hospital for a month. When they returned from the hospital, they

34、both looked very w 6 as if both of them had a serious illness. After they were back, my mother helped my father walk slowly on the country road every day in the morning and dusk. H 7 after two months my father still couldnt walk by h 8 . All of us were worried about him. Dad,how are you f 9 now. I a

35、sked him one day. Susan, dont worry about me. he said I 10 a low voice. I just like walking with your mom. I like this kind of life. Reading his eyes, I know he loves my mother very much. Once I thought love m 11 flowers, presents and sweet kisses. But from this e 12 , I understand that love is insi

36、de, making life strong and warm. 1. trying 2. hardly 3. flowers 4. when 5. until 6. weak 7. However 8. himself 9. feeling 10. in 11. meant 12. experience 5 A woman was eating in a restaurant. She asked the waiter to do many t 1 for her. Now she was g 2 the waiter a lot of trouble. F 3 , she asked th

37、e waiter to turn on the air conditioner because she f 4 too hot. Then she asked him to turn it o 5 because she was too cold. This went on and on for n 6 half an hour. But the waiter was very kind and h 7 . He did everything the woman asked h 8 to do without getting angry. F 9 , someone else in the restaurant asked why the w 10 didnt just throw the woman out. Oh, I dont care. The waiter said and smiling, We dont even have an air conditioner. 名师归纳总结 1. things 2. giving 3. first 4. felt 5. off 6. nearly 7. helpful 8.him 9. finally 10. waiter 第 7 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -