2021届高考英语总复习 语言基础知识 Unit20 New Frontiers 北师大版选修7.doc

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1、【创新设计】2015届高考英语总复习 语言基础知识 Unit20 New Frontiers 北师大版选修7必考话题20饮食写 作 必 备基础词汇1canteen n食堂2veqetable n. 蔬菜3regular adj. 有规律的4healthy adj. 健康的5fitness n. 健康6strengthen v. 加强7obesity n. 肥胖8effect n. 影响9be addicted to 对上瘾10call on 号召11eat up 吃光12be beneficial to 对有益13do harm to 对有害提分句型1The majority of peopl

2、e eat too much fat and not enough fibre，which does great harm to their health.大多数人摄入的脂肪太多纤维不足，这对他们的健康很有害。2By eating properly and exercising regularly，you can keep your body at a proper weight and keep healthy.通过合理饮食和经常运动，你可以保持适当的体重且身体健康。3We have to keep a balanced diet and maintain regular eating ha

3、bits.我们必须保持平衡饮食和规律的饮食习惯。4We should make every possible effort to overcome(conquer)the difficulties.我们应竭尽全力来克服这些困难。美 文 赏 析素材示例(2013合肥模拟)2013年初，为了抵制浪费，一些网民发起了“光盘行动”，受到人们的普遍欢迎。最近，你校学生会向同学们发出“光盘行动”的倡议，旨在引导同学们节约粮食，抵制浪费。你是校报的英语记者，请根据下面的提示，为校报的英语专栏写一篇稿件。(1)列举学校餐厅的浪费现象；(2)学校开展“光盘行动”的情况；(3)你的看法。注意：词数为120左右。开

4、头已写好，不计入总词数。参考词汇：“光盘行动”“Clear Your Plate”campaign_In the past，a lot of food was wasted in our school canteen.Some students threw away some food because it was not delicious as expected. Others left the food on the plate because they bought too much.Last month the Students Union of our school launche

5、d“Clear Your Plate”campaign，which aimed to call on us students to eat up all the food we bought.Now there is less leftover in our school canteen because we think it shameful to waste food.In my view，everyone should form the habit of saving food. We can share our food with our good friends，which can

6、strengthen our friendship and save money as well.1.as expected是状语从句的省略，其完整的形式为as it was expected。模拟I will attend the party if_invited.如果被邀请，我就会参加那个聚会。2.we think it shameful.句中it作形式宾语，真正宾语是后边的不定式短语to waste food。模拟I thought_it_strange that he failed to call me.我觉得很奇怪：他没给我打电话。3form the habit of doing s

7、th养成做某事的习惯。模拟In our school we have_formed_the_good_habit_of_getting_up early.在我们学校我们已养成了早起的好习惯。 .核心单词1_(n.)争执；冲突(v.)冲突；抵触2_(vt.)拯救；救援_(n.)救援者3_(v.)通信；符合_(n.)通信；通信联系_(n.)通信员4_(adv.)同时5_(vt.)治愈6_(vt.)帮助；协助_(n.)帮助；协助_(n.)助手；助理7_(adj.)技术上的_(n.)技术8_(n.)后者_(n.)前者9_(n.)饥饿_(v.)挨饿10_(n.)平等_(adj.)平等的(v.)等于11_

8、(vt.)评价；评估_(n.)评价；评估12_(vt.)捐赠；赠送_(n.)捐赠；赠送_(n.)捐赠者13_(adj.)电子的_(adj.)电的；用电的_(adj.)电的；电气科学的14_(n.)专家_(adj.)专门的；特殊的15_(n.)毒药；毒物_(adj.)有毒的16_(vt.)允许；准许；许可_(n.)许可证_(n.)允许；准许17_(vt.)宣告；宣布_(n.)宣布18_(n.)检测，探险_(vt.)探测，探险答案1.conflict2.rescue；rescuer3.correspond；correspondence；correspondent4.meanwhile5.cure

9、6assist；assistance；assistant7.technical；technique8latter；former9.starvation；starve10.equality；equal 11assess；assessment12.donate；donation；donator13.electronic；electric；electrical14.specialist；special15.poison；poisonous16.permit；permit；permission17.declare；declaration18.exploration；explore词不离句，句不离段Af

10、ter the declaration of assessment of the great loss spread，constant donation was sent to the disasterhit area to assist the people in starvation.On this occasion，everyone is aware that there should be no discrimination and that everyone is born equal.重点短语1发生冲突 _2预先 _3弥补 _4更不用说 _5捐给 _6下降；减少 _7以结束 _8治

11、好某人的病 _9shortly after _10give away _11take over _12figure out _13wrestle with something _14be dedicated to _15due to _16rather than _答案e into conflict2.in advance3.make up for4.not to mention5.donate.to.6.drop off7.end with8.cure sb of9.不久后10.泄露(秘密)11.接收，接管12.计算出；解决出13.努力解决难以处理的事物14.致力于；献身于15.因为16.而

12、不是小试身手，聚焦短语Yao Ming is nice that he gave_away some money to the Charities.Shortly_after coming back from the hospital, Tom gave up smoking.The bank has been taken_over by the government.The two sides came_into_conflict last week, causing 5 people dead and many injured.He bought me dinner to make_up_

13、for being so late the day before.经典句式1By the year 2015, the clothing industry will have produced new types of material that will remain stainless no matter what you spill on them.到2015年，服装业将生产出各种新型布料，无论你将什么东西洒在上面都不会留下污迹。解读“by时间点”常与完成时连用模拟By the time he got here，_(我已干完所有工作)2Without the breakthroughs

14、of these pioneers in science and technology, whether lucky or planned, the world as we know it today would have been a completely different place.要是没有先驱们在科技上的这些尖端突破，不管这些突破是侥幸的还是计划之中的，今天我们所知道的世界就会是一个完全不同的地方。解读without的介词短语在句中作状语模拟Without your help, we_(就不会成功)3I think there will be an invention that wi

15、ll help prevent drivers from getting stuck in traffic jams.我想将会有一种有助于防止司机困于交通阻塞的发明。解读get动词的过去分词模拟Be careful when you cross the busy street.If not, you may_(被车撞死)答案1.I had already finished all the work2.couldnt have succeeded3.get run over by a car.必背句法将来完成时；将来进行时用所给词的适当形式填空1This time tomorrow，I_(fly

16、) to Shanghai.2If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you_(eat) fresh watermelon in the fall.3Guess what, weve got our visas for a shortterm visit to the UK this summer.How nice！You_ (experience) a different culture then.4By the end of this term, we_(finish) our essays.5We_(live) here for five

17、 years by next March.答案1.shall be flying2.will be eating3.will be experiencing4.will have finished5.shall have lived条分缕析，步步为营I _Beijing when you arrive tomorrow afternoon.当你明天下午到达时我已经去北京了。By the time you get home I_the house from top to bottom.你到家之前我将把房子彻底打扫一遍。What_you_at six tomorrow evening？明天晚上六点

18、你将在干什么？Please come tomorrow afternoon.Tomorrow morning, I_a meeting.你明天下午来吧，明天早上我将会参加一个会议。答案will have gone towill have cleanedwill；be doingwill be attending 词 汇 精 解latter n后者adj.(两者中)后者的(教材原句)In the 18th and 19th centuries, especially the latter, the most common theme in science fiction novels was t

19、he future.在18和19世纪，特别是后者，科幻小说最常见的主题是未来。Of the two cellphones, the former is better than the latter.在这两部手机当中，前者比后者要好一些。词语辨析late, lately, latest，later，latterlate指比预料的或正常的时间晚，意思是“迟的，晚的(地)”lately表示“近来，最近”，相当于recentlylatest表示“最近的，最新的”later表示“后来，较晚的时候”latter表示两事物之间的顺序，意为“后一个/后者”，与former(前者)相对Though I have

20、nt heard much more_news about him, I know from his teacher that_he has always been_for school._，I know from his classmates that he is_for either helping his mum with farming or playing computer games in the net bar.I think the chances of the_are much more.虽然我还未获知关于他的最新消息，但是我从他老师那儿知道他最近总是上学迟到。后来，我从他的

21、同学那儿知道，他迟到有时是因为他帮母亲干农活，有时是在附近网吧玩游戏。我认为后者的可能性更大些。答案latest；lately；late；Later；late；latterconflict n战斗；冲突；争论；抵触vi.冲突；争执；抵触(教材原句)There will therefore no longer be any conflict and people will be able to live together in peace and equality.所以将不会再有任何冲突，人们将能够在和平与平等中生活在一起。(1)A和B相冲突(2)All these actions by the

22、 US.A. conflicted with the universally accepted international laws.美国的这些行为都与公认的国际法相抵触。She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.她发现自己在将来择业的问题上与父母存在着分歧。Her husband often_her, which makes her angry.她丈夫经常和她发生矛盾，这令她很气愤。答案comes into conflict withrescue vt.& n拯救；救援(教材原句)Dave al

23、so goes outside the ship to rescue Frank, and HAL refuses to let him back in.戴维也到轮船外面去营救法兰克，而HAL拒绝让他回去。(1)rescue sb/sth (from.)(从中)营救某人/某物(2)come/go to ones rescue援救/营救某人His father came to his rescue and lent him the money.他的父亲借钱给他从而救了他。What we must do is to_danger at once.我们必须做的是立刻营救他们脱险。答案rescue t

24、hem fromcorrespond vi.与通信；相符合(教材原句).the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing.我们通信的方式从写信变成发电子邮件。(1)correspond with sb和某人通信correspond to/with sth与某物相一致，相当于(2)hold/keep up correspondence with sb与某人(保持)通信联系in correspondence with与一致；与有通信联系Have you been corresponding with him since you

25、graduated from the university?大学毕业后，你一直和他通信吗？Your account of events does not_hers.你对事情的陈述与她说的不符。答案correspond with/tocure vt.治愈，治疗；解决n.治愈，痊愈；措施(教材原句)During the Second World War, when Flemings discovery was first helping to cure people, the US Navy was looking for ways of improving the accuracy of the

26、ir missiles.第二次世界大战期间，青霉素第一次被使用，这时美国海军正在致力于寻找提高导弹命中率的方法。cure sb of.治愈某人的病；改掉某人的恶习a cure for对的治疗方法；解决的措施Jacks mother wanted to cure him of his bad habit of smoking.杰克的母亲想改掉他吸烟的坏习惯。My uncle _his heart disease three years ago.我叔叔的心脏病三年前治好了。Besides, empathy can be_loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.

27、(2012北京卷任务型阅读)此外，同情还可以成为治疗孤独、悲伤、焦虑和恐惧的有效方法。词语辨析cure, treatcure意为“治愈，治好”，可直接跟人或疾病作宾语，有时用来指突然地、出乎意料地痊愈；也用于引申指人的生活习惯的纠正、矫正等，与介词of搭配，强调结果treat只指治病，不包括治疗的效果如何。其宾语可以是人也可以是病，人作宾语时，病用for短语表示。它强调“治疗”这一动作The doctor_his headache with a new drug but didnt _him.那位医生用一种新药给他治疗头痛，但是没有给他治好。答案was cured ofa cure fortr

28、eated；curemeanwhile adv.同时(高考佳句)Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I could make my toys last.(2012新课标全国卷短文改错)与此同时，我发现更耐心地玩能使玩具玩得时间更长。meanwhilemeantimeat the same time同时in the meanwhile/meantime在此期间Meanwhile, hitech developments are creating new ways for us to map the world.(2012重庆卷，B)同时，

29、高技术的发展正给我们带来新的绘制世界地图的方法。Mother went shopping; _， I cleaned the house.妈妈出去购物，同时我打扫房间。答案in the meanwhile/in the meantime注意(1)meanwhile可以作名词和副词，但不能作连词，所以不能引导时间状语从句。(2)meantime可以作名词和副词，比meanwhile更为普遍，但作为副词，不及meanwhile普遍。permit vt.允许，许可n.许可证(教材原句)You are not permitted to work if you are on a student visa

30、.如果你所持的是学生签证，就不会被允许找工作。(1)permit sb to do sth允许某人做某事permit doing sth允许做某事(2)permission n容许；允许ask for permission请求允许without permission未经允许with ones permission征得某人的许可No one is permitted to go out at night in our school.在我们学校晚上不准外出。The new law rules_in public places.新法律规定不准在公共场合吸烟。She took my new car_，

31、 which made me very angry.她未经许可擅自使用了我的新车，这使我很生气。熟词生义选择句中permit的含义You cannot enter a military base without a permit.A通行证 B允许 C准许答案do not permit smokingwithout permissionAin advance 预先(教材原句).we sent the questions to her programmers in advance.我们提前把问题送到她的编程人员那里。(1)in advance of在之前，超过on the advance(物价)在

32、上涨(2)advance on/towards/upon.朝前进advanced adj.先进的；高等的；晚期的advancing adj.发展前进中的Advanced countries should help advancing countries in education，medical and agriculture.发达国家应该在教育、医疗和农业方面帮助发展中国家。When students were told my rule _ the class，some of them were not happy.(2011北京卷，C)当学生们在上课之前被告知我的规定时，他们其中一些人不高兴

33、。答案in advance ofgive away 捐赠；颁发(奖品等)；泄露(情报、秘密等)；丧失，错过朗文I was afraid the kids would give the whole thing away.恐怕孩子们会把这整件事说出去。观察句子，写出下列黑体部分的含义Would they let Shay bet and give away their chance to win the game？_He gave away most of his money to the homeless in the earthquakestricken area._Please dont g

34、ive my secret away！_The university chancellor gave away our diplomas._give in to sb对某人让步give off放出；散发出(液体、气体、气味、热量、能量、光、声音)give out分发；用完，消耗尽，筋疲力尽give up放弃；戒掉，停止；认输；把送交give over移交According to this speed of mining, the coal on the earth will give out in hundreds of years.照这种开采速度，几百年后地球上的煤将消耗殆尽。Childre

35、n who are always_by their parents soon become spoiled.总是被父母迁就的孩子很快就被惯坏了。The keys _to our neighbours during our absence.外出时，我们把钥匙交给了邻居。答案错过，丧失捐赠泄露颁发given in towere given overtake over 接收，接管，接任(教材原句)His only reason for investing in the company was to take it over.他在公司里投资的唯一理由就是接管它。take back收回，拿回；收回前言t

36、ake down写下；记下take in吸收，接纳；理解，领会；欺骗take on呈现；雇用；承担take up拿起；着手处理；占据(时间、空间等)It was reported that Haier may take over New Zealand home appliance maker.据报道海尔可能要接管新西兰家电制造业。It is true that the college will_more new students this year.今年这所大学将招收更多的新生是真实的。I had to_all her responsibilities because she was ill

37、.由于她生病了，我不得不承担起她所有的责任。答案take intake on句 式 诠 释(教材原句)By the year 2015, the clothing industry will have produced new types of material that will remain stainless no matter what you spill on them.到2015年，服装业将生产出一种新型布料，无论你将什么东西洒在上面都不会留下污渍。by the year 2015是“by时间点”构成的介词短语，表示“到时候”，常与将来完成时和过去完成时连用。By four ocl

38、ock tomorrow afternoon, I will have already finished all the work.到明天下午4点，我会干完所有的活儿。By the time he got here, Jane_London.他到这儿的时候，简已经去伦敦了。答案had left for(教材原句)Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology, whether lucky or planned, the world as we know it today would have been

39、a completely different place.没有科技上的这些尖端突破，无论是好运带来的还是按计划取得的，我们今天的世界将完全是另一个样子。(1)without在本句中表示一个假设的条件，后面的主句中用“wouldhave done”表示对过去的虚拟。(2)当虚拟语气表示与现在事实相反时，从句的谓语动词用“过去式(be的过去式用were)”，主句的谓语动词用“would/could/should动词原形”构成。像这样表假设条件的介词还有but for；连词or, otherwise，它们引导的句子在英语中称为含蓄条件句。But for your kind help, I would

40、 not have succeeded in passing the driving test.要不是你的好心帮助，我就不可能会通过驾驶考试了。We human beings _ without all the plants and animals around us.如果我们周围没有植物和动物，人类就不能生存。答案could not survive对 点 题 组.用所给词的适当形式填空1She has to apply for a _(permit) if she wants to get_(permit) to start her own business.2The fresh air a

41、nd exercise _(cure) him of his headache.3Weve _(correspondence) with each other for years but Ive never actually met him.4She won praise for_(rescue) an failing business from near bankruptcy.5Reports_(conflict) on how much of the aid was reaching the famine victims.答案1.permit；permitted2.cured3.corre

42、sponded4.rescuing5.conflicted.单句改错1He is working in a post office，and on the meanwhile he is a writer too._2Robert tried to take up the business for his wifes sake._3Aspirin is a certain cure of a headache._4Before coming here，please call me on advance._5She rescued from a burning building._6Many support the former alternative，but personally I favour the later._7My interests come in