2021年高考英语总复习知识点精讲精析与高考试题预测 Unit 19Modern agriculture 人教版大纲第一册.doc

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1、第一册Unit 19 Modern agricultureI单元知识点全览 工欲善其事 必先利其器高考须掌握的词汇：1protect 2technical 3irrigate 4produce 5gold 6discover 7practice 8First高考须掌握的短语：1depend 2on 3in 4against 5after考点过关 过关斩将 一马平川考点详解 精剖细解 入巿三分一、重点词汇1cause vt引起，造成eg： The drought caused the plants to die久旱造成植物枯萎。相关链按：cause n原因 eg：What is the caus

2、e of the fire?起火的原因是什么?用法拓展cause sth引起(造成) cause sbsth一cause sthto sb对某人造成cause sbto do sth使某人干某事特别提醒：cause n强调导致某事发生的原因，reason n强调说明某事的理由。 如考题12案例剖析 旁征博引 举一反三考题1-1 (典型例题)The horrible noise from the mans room simply her to tremble. A. put B. caused C. drove D. turned考题1-2 (典型例题 分) I think youd bette

3、r tell roe the for your being late again and again. A. reason . B. cause C. purpose D. desire考题11点拨：答案为B。cause sbto do sth使某人干某事。句意为：“从那个男人房间里传来的可怕的声音使她吓得浑身发抖。”考题12点拨：答案为A。the reason for sth某事的理由。通常cause与of搭配，reason与for搭配。 2raise vt抬起；举起；增加；饲养；抚养eg：Raise your hand if you want to ask aquestion如果想问问题，

4、请举手。 The farmer raised many sheep and crops 那个农民饲养了很多绵羊，种了很多庄稼。 He ralsed the children by hiroself after his wifes death妻子去世后他一人抚养孩子。考题2 (典型例题分)Though in a big city, Jim always prefers to paint the primitive(原始的)scenes of country lifeAraised Bgrown Ccared Dfed考题2点拨，答案为A。主句中的主语Jim与raise(表示“抚养”)之间是被动关

5、系，与grow是主动关系。所以不选B。c、D项意义不通。句意为：“尽管是在大城市被抚养长大的，但吉姆更喜欢画乡村的原始的景色。” 3I atest adj最近的，最新的eg： Going fishing is his latest hobby钓鱼是他最近的爱好。用法拓展：at the latest最迟；最晚 eg：Passengers、should check in onel hour before their flight time at the latest乘客最迟应在班机起飞前一小时办理登机手续。 考题3 Have you heard news about the war? A. the

6、 late B. a late C. the latest D. a latest考题3点拨；答案为C。the latest news最新消息。二、重点短语 4brjng in把拿进来；赚得；有收入；扭送警局 eg：How much can you bring in from your new job?你可以从新工作中赚多少钱? Bring the clothes in，it looks like rain把衣服收起来，好像要下雨了。用法拓展bring about产生，引起；使(船)转向 bring around使改变主意 bring back(使)归还；取回来 bring down使降下；降

7、落；降低(价格)bring up教育，养育；呕吐考题4 ( 典型例题 分 ) The policeman _ two boys whom he had caught stealing. A. brought up B. brought back C. brought down D. brought in考题4点拨：答案为D。bring in在此句中表示“扭送警局”。句意为：“警察把正在行窃的两个男孩抓住，扭送到警局。5go against违背；违反 eg：It goes against my principles这违背了我的原则。 She is always going ageinst her

8、 mother 她老是违背她妈妈的话。考题5 (典型例题What you did the school rule. So next time you are late, dont try to slip into the classroom without _ by the teacher. A. go against; being noticed B. goes against; being noticed C. went against; noticing D, went against; noticing考题5点拨：答案为B。what you did作主语，用单数谓语动词；notice与

9、主语you之间应是被动关系，故选B。6year after year年复一年地 eg：we used to go to the mountain viIlage for a holiday year aftar year我们以前年年都去那个山村度假。相关链接：year by year逐年，一年一年地用法拓展：year after year强调重复 year by year强调变化类似表达：day after day日复一日 day by day一天天地考题6 The lady is very glad that her only son has grown up A. day after da

10、y B. day by day C. every day D. each day考题6点拨：答案为B。day by day一天天地，强调变化。句意为：那位女士因为她的独生子二天天地采大而高兴。，三、重点交际用语7If I were you假如我是你 这是虚拟语气的一种，表示与现在事实相反。 eg： If I were you，I WOUld buy that car如果我是你，我就会买那辆汽车。特别提醒：主语是第一人称或第三人称单数，系动词一般用were而不用was。考题7 If he _ 10 years younger, he would study harder. A. was B. w

11、ere C. is D. are考题7点拨：答案为B。虚拟语气中主语是第三人称单数，一般用系动词were。四、重点句型8No matter+hOW/what/who/where “无论如何/什么/谁/哪里”，引导让步状语从句。 eg：No matter who breaks the law，he will be punished无论谁违法都将受到惩罚。 No matter where you work，you can always find time to study 无论你在哪里工作，你一定能找到时间学习。考题8 (典型例题 分 ) _ _ difficult it may be. we a

12、re sure to stick to our principle. A. How B. No matter how C. What D. No matter what考题8点拨：答案为B。difficult是形容词，因此用副词how进行修饰，这又是一个让步状语从句，因此用no matter how来引导。句意为：“不管情况有多困难，我们都要坚持我们的原则。”五、词语辨析9Iatest，Iate，later，Iately latest adj最近的，最新的 the latest fashion最新的款式 late adjadv晚，迟 eg：He is often late for school

13、他经常上学迟到。 He came late他来晚了。 later adv以后；后来 eg：Three days laterhe came back三天后。他回来了。 lately adv近来，最近(=recently) eg： Have you heard from him lately?最近你收到他的来信了吗?考题9 (典型例题)-I have seen so little of Mike Is he away on business? Oh. no. He just leaves for his of-rice and comes very A. later; lately B. late

14、r; later C. lately; late D. late; lately考题9点拨：答案为C。第一空lately表示“最近，近来”，第二空late用作副词，表示“晚，迟”。语法归纳 精通规则 游刃有余it用于强调句 it引导的句子是常考的强调句结构。 It is(was)+被强调部分+that(who)+句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。 eg： It is from the sun that we get light and heat我们是从太阳那里得到光和热的。 It was not until I had read your letter that I und

15、erstood the true state of affairs直到读了你的来信，我才明白事情的真相。 典型例题：1It was last night I saw the comet考题1(典型例题who was that calIed him“Comrade”？ Aone Bthat Cit Dher考题2(典型例题is it has made Peter Athe time Bwhen Cthat Dwhich 答案：C，强调句的结构是：It+be+强调部分+that(who)+主谓句。强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时。才用“who，其余用tha

16、t。原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening我父亲昨晚在实验室里做实验。强调主语：It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening昨晚在实验室里做实验的是我父亲。强调宾语：It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening我父亲昨晚在实验室里做的是实验。强调时间：It was yesterday evening that my father

17、did the experiment in the lab我父亲是昨晚在实验室做的实验。(注意不用when)强调地点：It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening昨晚我父亲是在实验室里做的实验。 2It is ten years Miss Green returned to CanadAthat Bwhen Csince Das答案：C，考点是连词用法。本题易误选为A，其实本句不是强调句。若是强调句，去掉It bethat还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉It isthat，只剩下ten years M

18、iss Green returned to Canada不成句。因此本句不是强调句。3It was not until 12 oclock I came back homeAdid Bwhen Cwhere Dthat答案：D，notuntil用于强调句时，把not until放在一起强调时间状语。 he is,today? A. What; that; that B. That ; that ; what C. What ; what ; that D. What ; that ; what考题1点拨：答案为C。强调句的特殊疑问句。 考题2点拨：答案为D。第一空强调what，第二空是强调句中

19、的连词，第三空中的what充当make sbsth中的宾补和he is sth中 的表语。句意为：“是什么使得彼得成为今天这个样子?”IV专题探究 由点及面 由表及里专题探究：强调句用法一览专题详解：强调句是一种修辞是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式，it is/wasthat/who这种强调句式是其中的一种，下面归纳强调句的几种结构：1用助动词do(does/did)+动词原形”来表示强调。 eg： He does know the place well他的确很熟悉这个地方。 Do write to me when you get there 你到那儿后务必给我来信。2用形容词v

20、ery，only，single，such等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气。 eg： Thats the very textbook we used last term 这正是我们上学期用过的教材。 You are the only person here who can speak Chinese 你是这里惟一会讲汉语的人。 Not a single person has been in the shop this morning 今天上午这个商店里连一个人都没有。 How dare you buy such expensive jewels? 你怎么敢买这么贵的宝石呢?3用ever，never，

21、very，jUSt等副词和badly，highly，really等带有一ly的副词来进行强调。 eg： Why ever did you do so?你究竟为什么要这么做? He never said a word the whole day一整天。他一句话也没说。 Youve got to be very，very careful你一定得非常、非常小心。 This is jUSt what 1 wanted这正是我想要的。 He was badly wounded他伤得很严重。 I really dont know what to do next 我的确不知道下一步怎么做。4用in the

22、word，on earth，at all等介词短语可以表达更强的语气(常用于疑问句)。 eg： Where in the world could he be?他到底会在哪儿? What on earth is it?它究竟是什么? Do you know at all?你到底知不知道?5用感叹句来表示强烈的感情。突出说话人的情感。 eg： How interesting a story it is!这是一个多么有趣的故事啊! Oh，what a lie!啊，真是弥天大谎16用重复来表示强调。eg： Why!Why!The cage is empty!啊!啊!笼子是空的。 They walked

23、 for miles and miles他们走了好多英里。7用倒装句(也就是将要强调的句子或被强调的部分置于句首)来加强语气。 eg： On the table were some flowers桌子上摆着一些花。(强调地点) Many a time have I climbed that hill我多次爬过那座山。 Only in this waycan we solve this problem只有这样。我们才能解决这个问题。8用强调句型：“lt is(was)+被强调的部分+that(who)+句子其他部分”来强调说话人的意愿eg： It was on Monday night that

24、 all this happened所有这一切发生在周一晚上。 Its me that he blamed他怪的是我。9用If来表示强调 (1)If从句+I dont know who/what，etcdoes/is/has。etc；主句部分也可以用nobody does/is/hasetc或everybody does/is/has，ete来代替。 eg： If he cant do it，I dont know who can要是他做不了这件事，我不知道还有谁能做。(强调只有他能做) If Jim is a coward，everybody is要是吉姆是个胆小鬼，那么人人都是胆小鬼。(强

25、调吉姆不是胆小鬼) (2)if从句+it be主句(此用法可看成是第8中强调句型的变形，即把所要强调的内容放在it be的后面，把其他内容放在由if引导的从句中)。 eg： If anyone knew the truth，it was Tom 如果说谁了解事实的真相，那便是汤姆。If there is one thing he loves,it is money 如果说世界上还有他爱的东西，那便是金钱。10用破折号、黑体字也可以表示强调，加强语气。 eg： Its because of hard workten years of hard work 那是因为艰苦的工作十年艰苦的工作! He

26、began the work in late May他是在五月底开始这项工作的。(强调时间) V考题类型一网打尽 蓦然回首 灯火阑珊回顾1测试语法 (典型例题It was with great joy he received the news that his lost daughter had been foundAbecause B,which Csince Dthat1D 点拨：强调句型It wasthat。强调状语with greatjoy。回顾2测试语法(典型例题分)It was after the invention of printing to publish large num

27、bers of books and pictures Awere people able Bthat people were able Cwhen were people able Dpeople were able2B 点拨，强调时间状语after the invention of printing从句不用倒装形式。回顾3测试语法(典型例题 is what you do rather than what you say matters Athat Bwhat Cwhich Dthis 3A 点拨强调主语what you do rather than what you say。句意为：“真正要

28、紧的是你所做的而不是你所说的。”回顾4测试语法 (2 o o 5，山东，1分) that he managed to get the information?Oh，a friend of his helped him AWhere was it BWhat was it CHow was it DWhy was it4C 点拨强调疑问副词how。句意为：“他到底是怎么得到信息的?噢，他的一个朋友帮了他。”2011年高考题预测 高瞻远瞩 占尽先机一、考情预测 预测1：It is/wasthat/who强调句 预测根据：It is/WaSthat/who强调句型是高考的一个重点，也是考生容易出错的

29、一个问题，考生容易把它与定语从句混淆。在近几年的高考题中，此句型出现的频率较高，且考情预测 年仍是一个命题热点。 命题角度预测：此句型会在单项选择或短文改错中出现，命题会从以下几方面着手：(1)强调句与定语从句的区分(2)对notuntil句型进行强调(3)that/who引导从句时对语序的处理。考生务必清楚此句型的结构特点：去掉It is/wasthat/who后把原句还原仍是完整的句子；强调notuntil时，把not until一块提前进行强调，who/that后的从句用陈述语序。预测2：介词against的常用意思 预测根据：against是一个常用的介词，高考对against的要求是

30、：熟知against的几个常用意义。即：靠着eg：He stands against the wall反对eg：We are al1 against the plan违背eg：We shouldnt go against nature以为背景/衬托eg：The flag is waving against the blue sky逆流而上/逆风而行，eg：The boat is traveling against the wind这几个基本意思是考查的重点，应引起考生足够的重视。 命题角度预测：对介词against的考查在完形填空题上设题的可能性最大，考生应十分清楚介词aganist的这几种用

31、法，与其他介词辨析使用时，根据语境作出正确选择。预测3：辨析：latest，later，late，lately预测根据：这几个同义词是考生非常容易混淆的，也是高考考查的热点。 命题角度预测：这几个同义句的辨析在完形填空或短文改错中出现的机率最大。考生务必清楚这几个词所使用的语境及用法。预测4：如何提出建议或作出决定预测根据：如何提出建议或作出决定是高考对口语方面考查的一个重要内容，也是考生必须把握的高考要求。In my opinion， you/The other idea sounds better to me/Wouldnt it be be- tter If一/If I were you

32、等句式都是在交际用语中常出现的，也是高考常考查的。命题角度预测：如何提出建议或作出决定，这一方面交际英语的考查会在考情预测 年的听力测试中有所体现。考生应从说话者谈话的字里行间，意会出说话者的建议或决定，这就要求考生熟知这些句型。预测5：话题预测本单元的中心话题是“现代农业”，具体涉及“饮食习惯与农业发展”、“传统农业与现代农业的对比”、“现代农业与环境保护”、“古代农业科学家贾思勰的齐民要术”等话题；讨论了现代农业随着社会和科学技术的发展而得到改进，如：温室的投入使用、转基因农作物的出现等。高考与之相关的话题最有可能在阅读中出现，且体裁是科普性的说明文，这是一个热点问题，也是一个时尚的话题，

33、应引起考生足够的重视。二、考题预测备考1测试考点5 Youd better stop doing the lobif it goes your will. A. for B. with C. against D. away1C 点拨:go against。违背，违反”的意思。备考2测试考点 4 He was in a small village when young.A. brought up B. bring up C. bringing up D. to be brought up2A点拨bring up在此句中表示抚育、抚养，主语he与bring up是被动关系。 备考3测试考点 8 l

34、ate he comes back, his wife is always waiting for him. A. No matter how B. How C. No matter what D. What3A 点拨late是副词，所以用副词how修饰，此句是让步状语从句，故选No matter how。 备考4测试考点 9 into the night, people:found the little girl sweeping at the corner of the street. A. Lately B. Late C. Latest D. Later4B点拨：late into t

35、he night夜深时。 备考5测试语法 was his careless driving that cost him his life.A. That B. This C. It D. One5C 点拨强调句型It wasthat，强调主语his careless driving。 备考6测试考点 1 Smoking is one of the of heart disease. A. reasons B. causes C. problems D. questions6B 点拨the causes of the heart disease表示造成心脏病的病因。 备考7测试考点 2 Its

36、difficult a family on a small income. A. raise B. rise C. to rise D. to raise7D 点拨:raise a family表示养活一家人，difficult to do sth固定搭配。 备考8测试考点 5 He the advice of his colleague and resigned; A. went against B. went for C. went down D. went by8A 点拨go against表示违背，违反。句意为：“他不听同事的劝说就辞职了。” 备考9高考新题型; 阅读填空 Here i

37、s the news for Saturday, the 14th of April. The first group of Chinese tourists have returned from the moon. A group of 25 tourists landed last night at the Space Re-search Centre in Qinghai Province. They had been in space for one week. Their trip included a visit to three different places onthe mo

38、on. Each of the tourists paid one and a half million yuanfor the trip. A new speed record has been set for the underground rail-way that joins Chengdu and Xian. The railway was completed last year. Yesterday a train reached a speed of 821 kilometres per hour. The train was carrying 1,200 passengers.

39、 The jour- ney of 842 kilometres took one hour and eleven minutes. A new type of lemon tree for cold countries has been deve-loped by the Agricultural Research Service of Liaoning Prov- ince, where research work has been going in cold parts of Chi-na. Normal lemon trees are killed when the temperatu

40、re falls below 0. (1)The names of the places from where the news story comes: ; Chengdu and Xian;_ _ (2)The distance between Chengdu and Xian is _ (3)As to the first news story, each person paid _ _ for the trip. (4)As to the third news story, unlike the normal lemon trees, this new type of lemon tree cannot be killed when the tem-perature falls below 9(1)Qinghail Liaoning (2)842 kilometres (3)one and a half million yuan (4)OC- 8 -用心 爱心 专心