2220中考英语复习课本知识整理-八年级上-Uint6.doc

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1、2022中考英语复习课本知识整理八年级上 Unit 6 Im more outgoing than my sister.【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语 1. talk about 谈论2. in some ways 在某些方面3. more than 超过，多于4. in common 共有，公共5. be good at =do well in 擅长于6. (not) asas 不如一样7. in school 在校求学;在学校8. make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事9. look the same 看起来一样1o. talk to/with 和谈话11. stop doing s

2、th. 停止做某事12. stop to do sth 接着做某事13. begin / start with 以开始14. end with 以结束15. in the middle of 在中间16. a swimming poor 游泳池17. on the other hand =on the opposite 另一方面(边)18. be good with=get on well with 和相处得好19.be used to do 用来做2o. around China=all over China 全中国21. after that 自那以后II. 重要句型 stop doing

3、 sth. 停止做某事stop to do sth. 停止当前做的事去做另一件事begin with 以开始enjoy oneself = have fun = have a good time 玩得快乐spend sometime in doing sth. = spend sometime on sth. 花时间做某事plan to do sth. 方案做某事III. 交际用语在两件或多件事物中进行比拟IV. 重要语法使用形容词的比拟级和最高级【课文解析】1than conj。比than用于形容词和副词的比拟级之后，后接比拟对象的第二局部。Im taller than Li Ping我比李

4、平高。Tom is older than Paul汤姆比保罗年龄大。Sam is thinner than Tom萨姆比汤姆瘦。Im more outgoing than my sister我比我妹妹(或姐姐)外向。2calm n. adj&v(1)calm adj镇静的，沉着的Its important to keep calm in danger危急情况下保持镇静很重要。(2)calm n平静(的状态或时期)After the storm came a calm风暴过后，万籁俱寂。(3)calm v(使某人)镇静，安静Just calm down a bit请静一静辨析calm，still

5、，quiet与silentcalm意为“镇静的，平静的，指不受干扰时的宁静、平静，如海洋的“平静；用于人时，指沉着、镇定、安宁。still意为“不动的，静止的，寂静的，仅指物理上的安静状态。quiet意为“安静的，静止的，指寂静的状态，没有吵闹或指人的娴静、文静，也可指活动的停息。silent意为“沉默的，无言的，主要用于人，指不发出声音或不说话，强调无声的状态。When we face dangerwe should keep calm当我们面对危险时，应该保持冷静。The baby kept still when she was taking photos当她照相时，这个婴儿保持不动。Be

6、 quieteveryoneThe teacher is coming请安静，同学们。老师来了。We shouldnt keep silent when the teacher asks us some questions当老师问我们问题时，我们不应保持沉默。3wild adj轻率的wild是形容词，表示“鲁莽的，其副词是wildly，其名词是wildness.Jack looks very wild杰克看上去很鲁莽。I think this is a wild plan我认为这是一个鲁莽的方案。be wild with joy欣喜假设狂be wild to do sth 渴望做某事be wi

7、ld about sbsth狂热崇拜某人，热衷于某事go wild狂怒，狂热4Smart adj聪明的，伶俐的，机敏的smart是形容词，表示“聪明的，在句中常作表语。The new employee is smart and quick to learn新来的那位职员既聪明，学得又快。It is easy to teach smart students教聪明伶俐的学生很轻松。clever多指“聪明伶俐的，侧重指“才思敏捷的，也可用于指主意、方法之妙。smart侧重指“领悟力强的，且含“精明，不会被人蒙骗之意。She is a c1ever student她是个聪明的学生。Its a very

8、 clever ,idea这主意不错。He is a smart businessman他是个精明的商人。5.Here are photos of me and my twin sister Liu Ying.这是我和我的双胞胎姐姐刘英的照片。photos n照片，相片 photos是名词photo照片的复数形式。以。结尾的可数名词变为复数有两种形式：在potato，tomato等词后加-es，大多数以。结尾的名词，其复数加-s。6.as conj如同一样 as在句中作连词，意为“如同一样。as在不同的语境中有许多不同的含义。请注意体会下面的例句，学习了解as的一些用法和含义：I dont n

9、eed both(the)dictionaries这两本字典我并不是都需要。I need neither of the dictionaries这两本字典我都不需要。(3)bothand意为“和都，既又。Both you and 1 were wrong你和我都错了。He can speak both English and French他会说英语和法语。需要注意的是，bothand的否认为neithernor。He can speak neither English nor French他既不会讲英语也不会讲法语。1o.although虽然，尽管，即使，纵然although 相当于thoug

10、h，两者可以相互替换。He is shorter than I，although he is older虽然他年龄大，但是他比我矮。They still came although it Was raining虽然天在下雨，但是他们还是来了。 Although he is ill，he works hard尽管他病了，但他仍努力工作。注意：英语中，although(though)表示“虽然(但是)之意，不能与but连用，就像because与so不能同时使用一样。辨析however，although与though however为副词，意为“然而，不过，although和though也都有“然而

11、之意，但however更为正式一些。14a little 一点 a little可以作状语，用来修饰比拟级，表示程度。相当于a bit。在英语中，形容词、副词的比拟级前常用much，a lota little，a bit，any，no等词语修饰，以表示不同的程度。Shes going to stay there a little longer她准备在那儿待久一些。He usually reaches school much later than I他通常到校比我晚得多。This ruler is a little longer than that one这把尺子要比那一把稍长一些。15the

12、same as和一样the same as意为“和相同，表示同等比拟。His bike is the same as mine他的自行车和我的一样。Lily looks the same as LucyThey are twins莉莉看上去和露西一样，她们是双胞胎。其反义词为be different from意为“与不同，不同于This question is different from that one这个问题与那个不同。16Popular adj受欢送的，流行的，通俗的 My good friend Sam is popular in our class我的好朋友萨姆在班里很受欢送。比拟

13、级popularThis song is more popular in the world这首歌在世界上更为流行。 17be good at 擅长，在方面做得好be good at意为“擅长做某事，其同义词组为do well in。Im good at Chinese我中文学得好。Are you good at sports?你擅长运动吗?Im better at math than Li Lei我比李磊更擅长数学。Tina is good at swimming蒂娜擅长游泳。Theyre good at playing chess他们都擅长下象棋。18make me laugh使我笑(开心

14、 (1)make在此意为“使，它和let(让)均为“使役动词。其结构特点是：makelet+人(宾语)+动词原形(宾补)Dont make her work for long不要让她工作太长时间。They made us forget the past他们使我们忘记了过去。Let me help you让我来帮助你。另外，make+宾语+形容词(宾补)He often makes me fired他经常使我感到劳累。His words made us happy他的话使我们很快乐。辨析make与letmake和let都表示“使，让，但make有强制的意味，let那么无强制的意味。He made

15、 me drink it他强迫我喝下去。He let me drink it他让我喝下去。What made you so angry?什么事使你这么生气?。19.the sameas和相同the same与as既可以合用，也可以分开。the same as意为“和相同。the sameas意为“和相同的，有时可以互换。Her Mouse is the same as mine=She has the same blouse as me她的衬衫和我的一样。【辨析】like与as二者均可作“像一样讲，但用法不同。(1)like用于说明两者在形态上或性质上有相似之处，但不等同。 Look !I h

16、ave wings，just like you看!我和你们一样有翅膀。She wants to be a famous cook like her father when she grows up.她希望长大以后像她父亲一样，当一名有名的厨师。(2)as指身份或资格，意为“作为，看作等。He works like a worker他像工人一样干活。(实际上不是工人)He works as a worker他作为一名工人而工作。(职业是工人)Some friends have opposite views and interests，. 一些朋友有对立的观点和兴趣 ， opposite adjp

17、rep&n (1)opposite作形容词，意为“对面的，相反的，相对的。常与to搭配，表示“对面的。She turned and ran to the opposite direction她转身朝相反的方向跑了。He stood on the opposite side of the street他站在那条街的对面。(2)作介词，意为“在的对面。The store is opposite the station那家商店在车站的对面。The waitress stood opposite me那效劳员站在我对面。(3)作名词，表示“反义词，对立的事物。Calm is the opposite

18、of wild镇静是鲁莽的反义词。view n观点，看法view是名词，表示“观点，态度，属可数名词。此外view还表示“风景，景色，in view of表示“鉴于，考虑到。Whats your view on this problem?你对这个问题有何看法?Her view of life is different from yours她的人生观和你的不同。 21.opinion n 主张，观点 opinion用作名词，表示“观点，看法，既可作可数名词，又 可作不可数名词；ones opinion of表示“某人对的观点和 看法。 I think we should clean the cl

19、assroom right nowWhats your opinion? 我觉得我们现在就该清扫教室，你的意见呢? These are my opinion of the whole affair 这是我对整个事件的看法。 22.I like to have friends who are like me 我喜欢交和我个性一样的朋友 Like v喜欢prep像一样 句中有两个like，第一个为动词，意为“喜欢；第二个为介 词，意为“像。 She likes to have friends like you 她喜欢拥有像你一样的朋友。 教材中上面的那个句子是一个含有定语从句的复合句。 定语从句w

20、ho are like me修饰其前名词friends，who为定语从 句的主语。 We love the teacher who teaches us music 我们喜欢我们的音乐老师。 23。most of 大多数 Most of后面可接可数名词或不可数名词，作主语时，其谓 语形式取决于of后面的名词：most of+单数名词，谓语动词用 单数；most of+复数名词，谓语动词用复数。 Most of us are students我们大多数人是学生。 Most of the apple was eaten by a rat ， 这个苹果的一大半被老鼠吃掉了。： 24heat n打赢，

21、战胜： beat在句中作动词，意为“赢，打败，其宾语可以是某人或i某一团队、组织等，表示在比赛或竞争中获胜，打败对手。其过去式为不规那么变化，仍为beat。 We beat the team from the No3 Middle School 我们打败了三中的队伍。 辨析beat与win 相同点：二者均用作动词，表示“赢。 不同点：beat后常接表示人的名词，win后常接比赛、竞赛、战争等名词。 We played very well，and beat them 我们发挥很好，击败了他们。 They won the match this time这次他们赢了比赛。 15center n ce

22、nter是名词，表示“中心，中央，其形容词是central，意为“中心的，中央的。 Its in the center of the town它位于城镇的中央。 center指某一特定物体的中心，如果指狭长物体的中心或时间的中心，用in the middle of。 the center of a circle圆心 in the middle of the road在道路的中央 in the middle of the night在午夜 ：6enjoy telling jokes喜欢讲笑话 enjoy doing sth表示“喜欢干某事，enjoy后面习惯上跟动名词或名词作宾语。 I enjo

23、y watching TV我喜欢看电视。 辨析enjoy，like与love (1)enjoy后接动(名) 词，不接不定式作宾语。 (2)like喜欢，语气较弱，后可接不定式或动名词。 (3)love爱，热爱，语气最强，后可接不定式或动名词。 I enjoy going to the cinema我爱看电影。 I like visiting friends on Sundaysand I like to visit Joan this Sunday 、 我喜欢星期天拜访朋友，这个星期天我想去拜访琼。 He loves to go fishing他很喜欢钓鱼。 I love watching b

24、aseball on TV我很喜欢在电视上看棒球。 27so who do you think should get the job, Ruth or Rose? 那么你认为谁应该得到这份工作， 露丝还是罗斯? 本句中的who作句子的主语，句中的do you think是插入语。在有此类插入语的情况下，疑问代词或疑问副词位于句首，后面的句子要用陈述句语序。 Who do you think is the most outgoing in your class? 你认为谁是你们班最外向的? When do you think they will arrive? 你认为他们什么时候会到? 上面引自

25、教材的那个句子可转换成：So do you think who should get the job，Ruth or Rose? 18stop talking停止谈 话 stop talking意为“停止谈话，stop doing sth指停止正在进行的动作。 Dont leave until it stops raining雨停了再走。 辨析stop doing sth与stop to do sth (1)stop doing st1意思是停止做某事(doing作宾语)。 (2)stop to do sth 意思是停下来(原来的事)去做某事(to do表示停下来的目的，作状语)。 We st

26、opped talking我们停止了谈话。 We stopped to talk我们停下来，开始谈话。 形容词的比拟级 大多数形容词都有三个等级，即原级，比拟级，最高级。原级也就是形容词的原形。当两个事物进行比拟时，就要用比拟级，其结构形式为：主语+谓语(系动词)+形容词比拟级+than+比照成分，即含有形容词比拟级的主句+than+从句。注意从句常常省略意义上和主句相同的局部，只剩下比照的成分。 Its wormer today than it was yesterday今天比昨天暖和。 This picture is more beautiful than that one 这张照片比那张

27、漂亮。 1形容词比拟级的构成 (1)一般在原级形容词词尾直接加-er tall-taller cold-colder (2)以字母e结尾的形容词，词尾加-r nice-nicer large-larger (3)重读闭音节词的词尾只有一个辅音字母时，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er big-bigger thin-thinner rod-redder (4)以“辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，先变y为i，再加一er easy-easier happy-happier earlyearlier (5)多音节形容词前直接加more athleticmore athletic popular-more

28、popular beautifulmore beautiful (6)不规那么变化 good betterDadworse many-more well ill much oldfolder farther little1old ? 一elder far-further little-less 2形容词比拟级的用法 形容词比拟级常用于两者之间的比拟，表示两者之间的差异。 Today is even colder than yesterday今天甚至比昨天更冷。 “比拟级+and+比拟级或more+ and +more+原级(多音节和局部双音节词)意为“越来越。 Our city is more

29、 and more beautiful 我们的城市越来越漂亮了。 “The+比拟级，the+比拟级意为“越就越。 The more you read，the more you know 你书读得越多，懂得就越多。 asas意为“与一样，否认形式“not assoas意为“不如那样，也是一种表达比拟的形式，但as与as之间用形容词原级。 This loom is not asso big as that one 这个房间不如那个房间大。 =This room is smaller than that one 这个房间比那个房间小。 3形容词比拟级的其他用法 比拟级前可以用much，a littl

30、e，a bit等词语修饰，表示程度。 Im a little thinner than my sister我比我妹妹稍微瘦一些。 比拟级前可以用“数词+名词结构表示确定的度量。 I am5 centimeters taller than him我比他高5厘米。 getbecome后面通常接“比拟级+and+比拟级(用于单音节词和少数双音节词)或“more and more+原级(用于多音节词和局部双音节词)结构，表示“变得越来越。 Its getting colder and colder when winter comes 当冬天来临时，天气变得越来越冷。 Our hometown is g

31、etting more and more beautiful 我们的家乡变得越来越美丽。单元测试听力测试六(2o分)听句子，选出你在句子中听到的单词(5分)( )1Acalmer Bcalm CcallDcold( )2Aphoto Bphones Cphrases Dphotos( )3Aenjoy Bjoy Clike Dlove( )4Asome Bsame Cswim Dswam( )5Aimportant Binterest Cimpossible Dinteresting听句子，选择与其句意相同的选项(5分)( )6AAnn is taller BAnn is shorter CA

32、nns sister is taller( )7ATara is more serious BTara is funnier CLily is funnier( )8ASam is more athletic BTom is more athletic CTom isnt athletic( )9ARita is more intellectual BCara is more intellectual CCare isnt intellectual( )1oAWe are not girls BWe are both boys CWe are both girls听对话及问题，选择正确答案(5

33、分)( )11ATina BTara CCara( )12ATom BSam CTim( )13ARuths BRoses CPauls( )14ALyle BLyles friend CLily( )15APaul BPedro CPauls friend听短文。填写所缺单词(5分) Mary and Linda are twin sistersThey are my 16 ，and my good friends，tooWe live in the same town，so we can 17 each other very oftenWe know each other quite we

34、llAlthough Mary and Linda look the same，they are quite 18 in many waysMary is a few hours older，but a little 19 She is heavier and smarterHow about Linda，then? She is thinner and more outgoingThey both like sports，but Linda is more 2o She is better at sports than MaryThey are both very popular in sc

35、hool16_ 17_ 18_ 19_ 2o_笔试局部(8o分)单项选择(2o分)( )1Im _ outgoing than my sister Amore Bmuch Ca little( )2There are some similarities _ Liu Li and Liu Ying Abehind Bbetween Cbefore( )3I think a good friend makes me _ Alaugh Blaughs Cto laugh( )4Maria is good _ sports Ain Bat Cwith( )5I like to have friends

36、 who are _ me Aas Bfor Clike( )6We _ like sports，but Ruben is more athletic than me Aall Bboth Cevery( )7Marys best friend is funnier _ she is Athat Bthis Cthan( )8She likes to have friends who are _ from me Adifferent Bdifference Cdifferences( )9Paul is never _He cant stop talking Aquieter Bquiet C

37、wilder( )1oWe both like doing the _ things Asame Bsome Cmany( )11When did you go to bed last night? I didnt go to bed _ I finished my homework Auntil Bwhile Cafter Dwhen( )12What do you do? Im _ Afine Bthirteen Ca student Ddo some washing( )13You are not a new member here，are you? _I joined only las

38、t week AYes，I amBNo，I am notCNo，I amDYes，I am not( )14Days get _ in the springThere are new leaves on the tree Acold and long Blonger and warmer Clonger and warm Dcolder and warmer( )15Do you know _ I could pass the exam? SorryI have no idea Athat Bwhether Cwhat Dwhich( )16_ they are brothers，they d

39、ont look like each other ABecause BThough CWhen DAs( )17I cant pay for the dictionary because I have _ money with me Afew Ba few Clittle Da little( )18Thanks a lot _ us Not at all Aof helpingBfor helpingCof help Dfor help( )19Are you feeling _? Yes，Im fine now Aany well Bany better Cquite good Dquite better( )2oWhat do you think of her talk? She _ for one hour but didnt too much Aspoke；speak Bspoke；say Cspeak；speak Dspoke；said完形填空(1o分) Everyone needs friendsWe all like to feel close(亲近的)to someone 1 is nice to have a