冠词-数词-名词老师版-(1).docx

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1、冠词、数词、名词、 语 法 指 导一、冠词：在英语中 a, an 称为不定冠词，泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。the 称为定冠词，主要是对后面的名词其限定作用，因此特指，指代上文出现过的或谈话双方都熟知的人或事物。冠词的用法：辅音音素开头的的单词前 a student a one-eyed man注意以 j w发音开始的名词前 a university a unita year a used car a one-year-old boy以元音发音开始的单数可数名词前 an egg an apple注意以辅音字母开始的单词如果发音为元音音素 an hour an unimportan

2、t meetingan honest man特别注意单个字母前使用不定冠词的情况： 请大家写出 26 个英文字母的音标其中读音是以元音音素开头的有 辅音音素开头的有 填写冠词 a/an1. Please pay attention to your spelling. You have dropped “m” here. 2. English teacher works in university.3. “e” is in “ruler”4. “u” is in “you”.5. Is it UFO in the sky?6. Our daughter sent us SOS for some

3、more money.7. He has 11-year-old daughter.8. She comes from European country.9. Write me one-page summary of this report.10. I got friendly reception from them.（1）表示上文已提到过的人或物，或特指某人或某物Is this the book that you are looking for? 表示特定的物（2）表示世界上独一无二的东西the sunthe earth the moon the Changjiang River the P

4、acific 太平洋(3) 在序数词，形容词最高级前The greatest talkers are always the least doers. 在形容词最高级前面谚语的巨人往往是行动的侏儒。（4）对两人或物进行比较时起特定作用的比较级前He is the taller of the two children in his family.：为什么此句中比较级前要加 the ?（5）用于“动词+人+介词+the+人体部位”结构中The woman hit the man in the face and the man struck her on the back.(6)形容词，过去分词前表示

5、一类人或物the wounded the beautiful and the true the unemployed the disabled(7)在姓氏复数形式前，表示全家人，或这一姓氏的夫妇俩The Turners are sitting at the table.(8)乐器的名称前Do you like to play the guitar or the violin?(9)在逢十的复数数词前，指世纪的某个年代In the 1970s, when my grandfather was already in his forties, he began to learn Japanese.(

6、10)国家和民族的形容词前加上定冠词，可泛指这个国家和全民族的全体人员the Englishthe Frenchthe Chinese the Japanese二、数词表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫做数词。数词分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示人或数目的多少，序数词表示人或事物顺序的先后。基数词的构成（1）112 的基数词有各自独立的单词2 7 11 12 (2) 1319 的基数词以 teen 结尾13 15 18 (3)2090 等整 10 基数词以 ty 结尾20 30 40 50 80 (4)2199 之间非整 10 基数词在十位数和个位数之间加连字符“-”构成22 32 43 99 (5)

7、 300 5000 百万 十亿 (6)101999 的基数词的表达方式“基数词+hundred+and+整 10 位数+连字符+个位数” 839 108 1001 5123 456789 “年代”表示法in +the+逢十的数词复数在 20 世纪 90 年代中期 in the mid-1990s/mid-1990s在 18 世纪 20 年代in the 1720s/1720s“在.岁”的表示法at the age of +基数词 或者 at age +基数词 或者 at +据数词李云迪在 7 岁的时候开始学习钢琴。Li Yundi started to learn the piano _ 序数

8、词的构成和用法：序数词除第一，第二和第三外，由基数词后加 th 构成。第 1 第 2 第 3 第 5 第 8 第 9 十位数的序数词从 1019 的序数词是在原基数词后加 th第 15 第 12 第 19 以 y 结尾的基数词构成序数词以 y 结尾的基数词构成序数词，先把 y 改成 i 在加 eth第 20 第 40 注意，两位或两位以上的数词，只需把最后一个英文数词变成序数词第 21 第 32 第 160 序数词前不加冠词的情况1)表示“又一“，“再一”时1） Part OneLesson Three Act TwoGate Five2)定冠词 the+序数词+事物名词the First P

9、artthe Third Lessonthe Second Actthe Fifth Gate其他几种数词的构成和用法； 分数表示法 分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于一时，分母的序数词要用复数 Nowadays two thirds of business letters are written in English. 如今 2/3 的上午信件是用英语写的。Its said that two thirds of the water around the world is polluted.据说世界上 2/3 的水都被污染了。 小数表示法 小数点读成 O 或者 zero，小数点后的数字按个位

10、基数词依次读出0.6 zero point six5.38five point three eight28.23 two eight point two three 或者 twenty-eight point two three 百分数表示法百分数用基数词加百分号表示，百分号读成 percent 50%fifty percent35%thirty-five percent三、名词：不可数名词：一般情况下专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词均是不可数名词。information 消息knowledge 知 识pollution 污染注意：不可数的物质名词表示个体时，需用单位名词（量词）来表示其数量概念。

11、常用的有：a piece of advice / bread / cake / chalk /cloth / equipment /furniture /information / news / wood/paper / worka bar of chocolate /soapa bottle of inka pair of scissors / shoes / trousersadvice 劝告 traffic 交通 progress 进步trouble 烦 恼weather 天气fun乐趣可数名词规则的复数形式可数名词包括个体名词和集体名词，有单、复数形式。复数名词构成方法如下：（1） 直

12、接在名词后加 sstudent studentsdesk deskshand hands(2)以 s, x, ch ,sh 结尾的名词后加 esbus buses watch watches brush brushes特别注意: 1)stomach stomachs 胃2) 以 th 结尾的词，直接在后加 s mouth mouthspathpaths mouthmouths(3) 以 “辅音字母+O”结尾的名词后加 eshero heroestomato tomatoespotato potatoes不少以 o 结尾的外来词变复数时只加 sradioradiosmango mangos vi

13、deo videoskilo kilos photo photospianopianos有些以 o 结尾的名词有两种复数形式 ： zero zeroes /zeros以 oo 结尾的名词只加 sbamboo bambooszoo zoos(4) 以“元音+y”结尾的名词，把 y 变 i 再加 es factory factoriescountry countries(5) 以“元音+y”结尾的名词，直接在词尾加 s boyboystoytoys(6) 以 f 或者 fe 结尾的名词变复数形式有三种：直接加 s roof roofs 屋顶把 f 或者 fe 变 v 再加 es leaf leav

14、eslifelives knifeknivesshelfshelveshalfhalves loafloaves thief thieveswife wives既有规则变化形式又有不规则变化形式 handkerchief handkerchiefs/handerchieves scarfscarfs /scarves可数名词不规则的复数形式：（1）改变单数名词中的元音字母，或其他形式foot feettooth teethmouse micechildchildren（2）表示“某国人”的名词的单、复数形式因习惯不同而异a Chinese two Chinese单复数相同a Japanese

15、two Japanese重点提醒：ChineseJapanese中国的中国人日本的日本人Im Chinese.Im a Chinese.Im Japanese.Im a Japanese. 但是对于 English,French 类词，可以说“Im English/French”或者“Im a/an Englishman/Frenchman”但不可以说“Im a/an English/French”a German three Germans词尾加 san American two Americans这类词还有：African ,Asian, Australian , Canadian ,It

16、alian ,European 等an Englishman five Englishmen变 man 为 mena Dutchman four Dutchmen这类词还有：Frenchman ,Irishman 等缩写，数词，字母和单词的复数形式在词后加 s 或sCDs (CDs)some VIPs (VIPs)in the 1990s (1990s)a man in his 40s (40s ) They came n twos and threes .他们三三两两地来了。.以“名词修饰名词”的复数形式（1）中心词是 man 或 woman 构成的复合名词复合名词前后两个词都是中心词（通常

17、第一个词是 man 或 woman），前后两部分皆变复数形式。men singers 男歌手 women servants 女仆 men cooks 男厨师women doctors 女医生（2）中心词是 boy 等构成的复合名词复合名词为 boy ,girl ,lady ,加另一个词构成，将第二个词变成复数。boy friend(s) girl friend(s) lady driver(s).单复数同形的名词某些动物的名词 deersheepfishgoldfish注意 fishes 表示不同种类的鱼。We caught three little fishes.表示鱼肉时只能用单数形式。H

18、elp yourself to some fish.某些不可数名词用复数形式表达特定内涵papers 报纸，文件manners 礼貌goods 货物looks 外表glasses 眼镜times 时代sands 沙滩forces 军队以下短语中的名词常用复数in high spirits 情绪高涨hurt ones feelings 伤人感情“word”一词的及种用法as follows 如下take turns 轮流take/make notes 做笔记 in rags 衣衫褴褛word 作“消息”或“通知”时，前面不加 a 或 the ,也不用复数形式。Word came that the

19、 meeting would be held on Friday.通知说会议在星期五举行。Please send me word of your safe arrival. 请你安全到达后就把消息告诉我。 注意：下列词组中的单，复数：keep (break) ones word 守（失）信leave word 留言a man of his word 守信用的人by word 逐字地in a word 简言之in other words 换句话说eat ones word 收回前言the last words 临终的话waste ones words 白费口舌have words with sb

20、.与某人吵嘴have a few words with sb. 与某人说几句名词所有格1 .通常在名词后加s .以 s 或 es 结尾的复数名词只在名词右上方加s 这种形式大多表示有生命的名词的所有关系（不要太多）。Johns clothes are made by hand in Italy. There are some students books on the desk.表示两人或多人共有时，只变化最后一个名词的词尾；如果为各自所有，各个名词的词尾都要变化。He is my father and mothers friend. Franks and Janes cars are bot

21、h Bens.表示“某人的家” “店铺”的名词所有格后面，一般省略它所修饰的名词。at Mr. Greens 在格林先生的家to my uncles 到我叔叔家at the tailors 在裁缝店at the doctors 在诊所“of +名词”构成的所有格 这种结构通常用来表示无生命的所有关系The leaves of most trees will fall in autumn.在秋天，大部分的树叶都会落下。There is something wrong with the engine of the car. 汽车发动机除了故障the contribution of science

22、and technology 科技的贡献在下列情况仍用名词后加上s 构成所有格 。表示时间，举例，国家，城市，团体，机构等无生命东西的名词，也可以加s 来构成所有格。New Years Day 元旦todays newspaper 今天的报纸 ten minutes walk 步行十分钟的路程 a miles distance 一英里的距离 Chinas industry 中国的工业 the stations waiting room 候车室the rivers bank 河岸 the earths satellite 地球的卫星双重所有格的构成和用法：“of+-s 所有格/名词性物主代词”构

23、成双重所有格，表示整体中的一个或者一部分。双重所有格的使用条件：（1）双重所有格中带有-s 所有格的名词必须是一个明确限定的指人的名词。David is a friend of my fathers. 大卫是我父亲的一位朋友。（2）表示部分概念时，of 前面的名词必须为不确指的名词，其前面常用不定冠词，数词，不定代词或指示代词等。Many relatives of hers have been abroad. 她的很多亲戚出过国。注意（1）双重所有格修饰的名词与指示代词连用时，往往带有赞赏，不满等感情色彩。This little cat of your sisters is really a

24、dear. 你没灭的这只小猫真的很可爱。That speech of Mr. Greens is so boring.格林先生的那个发言真是无聊。注意（2）of 前的名词是 picture, photo,等时，用 of 所有格和双重所有格表达的意义不同。This is a photo of my fathers .这是我爸爸（拥有）的一张照片。This is a photo of my father. 这是我爸爸（本人）的一张照片。冠词，数词，名词练习：1.There is report in todays newspaper. Its about the International Film

25、 Festival, Shanghai.A aB anC theD 不填2.-Mum, where is my CD player?-Its in white bag on your desk A aB anC theD 不填3. He is honest boy, so we all like him A aB anC the4. weather it is today! Lets go out for a walkA How fineB How badC What a fineD W hat fine 5.-Where is English book?-Maybe it is on the

26、 bookshelf A theB aC an D 不 填6.-By the way, have you got e-mail address?-Oh yes, Ive got oneA aB anC theD 不填7.-What would you like for breakfast, Mr Scott?-Three pieces of bread with cup of black tea, please. A a; aB 不填；theC a; theD 不填;a8. Bob told me that his next match was against team from anothe

27、r school A a girlsB girlsC the girlsD girls9. There is big table in the dining room A anB 不填C theD a10. day it is!A What a fineB What fineC How fineD How a fine 11.Jack bought useful book. book is also very interesting. A an; TheB a; The C an; AD a; A12.Please pay your attention to your spelling. Yo

28、uve dropped “d” in the word WednesdayA anB theC aD 不填13.-What do you think of the story?-Oh, it is really exciting one. A aB anC theD 不填14.-Whats date today?-Its June 12A 不填B aC theD an15. As we know, England is European country and Singapore is Asian country A an; anB an; aC a ;aD a ;an16.17. Its n

29、ot good idea to drive for four hours without break A a; aB the; theC a;不填D the; a18.-Cathy! Do you know woman in white?-Yes. She is a nurse in our hospital A aB theC 不填D an19.The cakes which the restaurant served were delicious. The customer would like third one because second is rather too small A

30、a; aB a; theC a ;不填 D the; a20.-Which of the poems do you like better?- shorter one, of course. I think its really most interesting one.A A; theB The; aC The; the D A; a-No, I like sports. I often play soccer with my friendsA 不填；theB a ;a C the;theD the;不填22.All the students agree to go to Qingdao b

31、y sea and camp by sea. A the;aB 不填；theC 不填；不填D a;the23.Early in the morning word came that Mr. Black had been elected president of the companyA 不填；不填B a;不填 C a;theD 不填；the24. Celia, who is on holiday with her husband, wants to stay in a quiet place,taste delicious food and playtennisA a;aB 不填；不填 C t

32、he;theD 不填;the25. Mary has a bad cold. She has to stay in bed A aB 不填C the1. -How many students are there in your newly built school?-Two thousand in classrooms.A fourB fourth C fortyD the fortieth2. -How long is the new bridge? Do you know?-Yes, Its about .A one thousand one hundred and eighty mete

33、rs B one thousand and one hundred fifty meters C two thousand one hundred forty metersD one thousand and one hundred fifty meters3. Our summer holiday is coming. Two the students in our school will go to the beach.A hundredB hundredsC hundredsD hundred of4. -How many people will come to Beijing for

34、the Olympic Games in 2008?-Its hard to say. people, I think.A Million ofB Millions ofC Two millions ofD Two million of5. Now children, turn to Page and look at the picture in Lesson Two. A twentieth; oneB twenty;oneC twentieth;firstD twenty;first6. -Whats one fourth and a half, do you know?-Yes, its

35、 .A two sixthsB tree fourthsC one threeD three sixths7. About of the students in Grade Nice this year were born in the .A three five;1996s B three fifths;1990s C third fifth;1997 D third fifths;1990s8. When he was ,Joe went to the United States.A on his twentiesB in the twenties C in his twenties D

36、in his twenty9. Open your book, and write down the answers in the form on . A the 101st pageB 101pageC Page 101st D the Page 10110. After the Asian Games, people came to Guangzhou for a visit during holidays A thousandB thousands ofC five thousandsD five thousands of11. The doctor worked for after t

37、welve oclockA two more hour B two another hour C more two hoursD another two hours1. I have three pen friends. One is the other two are . A Japanese; AmericansB Russian; GermanyC Canada; AustraliaD English; Frenchman2. -Can I help you, sir?-Yes, Id like five and some peas.A potatoB tomatoesC meatD b

38、anana3. He had something to write down and asked me for .A a paperB some papersC some pieces of papersD a piece of paper4. Lind, Ive bought many . Now lets make the birthday cakeA fresh eggsB chocolate milkC frozen food D a piece of paper5. -How long does it take to get to the station?-Its a walkA s

39、ix minutesB six minutesC six minutesD six minutes6. Its ride from my home to the factory.A two hours and halfsB two and half hoursC two and a half hoursD tow hour and a halfs7. -Did you and your friends ride your bicycles to the beach yesterday afternoon?-Yeah. we had!A How a fun B What funC What a

40、fun D How fun8. We have bought two for the coming partyA box of appleB boxes of applesC box of applesD boxes of apple9. mothers couldnt go to the meeting, because they have gone to Chengdu A Li Lei and LucysB Li Leis and LucysC Li Lei and LucyD Li Lei and Lucys10. We decide to go for a field trip wi

41、th some friends of . A usB ourC oursD ourselves11. -Mom, could you pass me some ? Its delicious.-OK, but only a littleA butter B apples C tomatoesD sandwiches12. All the teachers and the students there are playing basketball in the playground A men;boysB men;boyC man;boyD man;boys13.-Miss Li, could

42、you give me on English learning?-Certainly. First you should speak English every day. A any advices B many advicesC some advice14.-Can I help you , sir?-Id like to have100 . I want my students to draw picturesA piece of paperB pieces of paperC piece of papersD piece of papers 15. mothers cant come t

43、o the meeting because they have gone to DalianA Sallys and JaneB Sallys and Janes C Sally and Jane D Sally and Janes 16. are going to come to my home tonight when they are freeA My brother two friendsB My brother of two friendsC Two my brothers friendsD Two friends of my brothers17.Read the carefull

44、y. They will help you know how to use the popper. A instructionsB decisions C results18The doctor told me to eat more because its good for my health A orangesB vegetablesC ice creamD fish19. -Judy, I guess you are only twenty-five years old. Is that true?-Oh,its a .A suggestionB secretC reasonD problem 20.At the foot of hear nothing but the of the running water.A shoutB noiseC voiceD sound