2023年剑桥雅思6第一套阅读Passage3真题原文+详细解析+译文.doc

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1、剑桥雅思6第一套阅读Passage 3真题原文+詳細解析+译文:READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 on the following pages.Questions 27-32Reading Passage 3 has seven paragraphs, A-G.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-G from the list of headings below.

2、Write the correct number, i-ix, in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi The reaction of the Inuit community to climate changeii Understanding of climate change remains limitediii Alternative sources of essential suppliesiv Respect for Inuit opinion growsv A healthier choice of foodvi A

3、 difficult landscapevii Negative effects on well-beingviii Alarm caused by unprecedented events in the Arcticix The benefits of an easier existence Example AnswerParagraph A viii 27 Paragraph B28 Paragraph C29 Paragraph D30 Paragraph E31 Paragraph F32 Paragraph GA Unusual incidents are being reporte

4、d across the Arctic. Inuit families going off on snowmobiles to prepare their summer hunting camps have found themselves cut off from home by a sea of mud, following early thaws. There are reports of igloos losing their insulating properties as the snow drips and refreezes, of lakes draining into th

5、e sea as permafrost melts, and sea ice breaking up earlier than usual, carrying seals beyond the reach of hunters. Climate change may still be a rather abstract idea to most of us, but in the Arctic it is already having dramatic effects - if summertime ice continues to shrink at its present rate, th

6、e Arctic Ocean could soon become virtually ice-free in summer. The knock-on effects are likely to include more warming, cloudier skies, increased precipitation and higher sea levels. Scientists are increasingly keen to find out whats going on because they consider the Arctic the canary in the mine f

7、or global warming - a warning of whats in store for the rest of the world.B For the Inuit the problem is urgent. They live in precarious balance with one of the toughest environments on earth. Climate change, whatever its causes, is a direct threat to their way of life. Nobody knows the Arctic as we

8、ll as the locals, which is why they are not content simply to stand back and let outside experts tell them whats happening. In Canada, where the Inuit people are jealously guarding their hard-won autonomy in the countrys newest territory, Nunavut, they believe their best hope of survival in this cha

9、nging environment lies in combining their ancestral knowledge with the best of modern science. This is a challenge in itself.C The Canadian Arctic is a vast, treeless polar desert thats covered with snow for most of the year. Venture into this terrain and you get some idea of the hardships facing an

10、yone who calls this home. Farming is out of the question and nature offers meagre pickings. Humans first settled in the Arctic a mere 4,500 years ago, surviving by exploiting sea mammals and fish. The environment tested them to the limits: sometimes the colonists were successful, sometimes they fail

11、ed and vanished. But around a thousand years ago, one group emerged that was uniquely well adapted to cope with the Arctic environment. These Thule people moved in from Alaska, bringing kayaks, sleds, dogs, pottery and iron tools. They are the ancestors of todays Inuit people.D Life for the descenda

12、nts of the Thule people is still harsh. Nunavut is 1.9 million square kilometres of rock and ice, and a handful of islands around the North Pole. Its currently home to 2,500 people, all but a handful of them indigenous Inuit. Over the past 40 years, most have abandoned their nomadic ways and settled

13、 in the territorys 28 isolated communities, but they still rely heavily on nature to provide food and clothing.Provisions available in local shops have to be flown into Nunavut on one of the most costly air networks in the world, or brought by supply ship during the few ice-free weeks of summer. It

14、would cost a family around f7,000 a year to replace meat they obtained themselves through hunting with imported meat. Economic opportunities are scarce, and for many people state benefits are their only income.E While the Inuit may not actually starve if hunting and trapping are curtailed by climate

15、 change, there has certainly been an impact on peoples health. Obesity, heart disease and diabetes are beginning to appear in a people for whom these have never before been problems. There has been a crisis of identity as the traditional skills of hunting, trapping and preparing skins have begun to

16、disappear. In Nunavuts igloo and email society, where adults who were born in igloos have children who may never have been out on the land, theres a high incidence of depression.F With so much at stake, the Inuit are determined to play a key role in teasing out the mysteries of climate change in the

17、 Arctic. Having survived there for centuries, they believe their wealth of traditional knowledge is vital to the task. And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom, increasingly referred to as lnuit Qaujimajatuqangit, or IQ. In the early days scientists ignored us when they came up her

18、e to study anything. They just figured these people dont know very much so we wont ask them, says John Amagoalik, an Inuit leader and politician. But in recent years IQ has had much more credibility and weight. In fact it is now a requirement for anyone hoping to get permission to do research that t

19、hey consult the communities, who are helping to set the research agenda to reflect their most important concerns. They can turn down applications from scientists they believe will work against their interests, or research projects that will impinge too much on their daily lives and traditional activ

20、ities.G Some scientists doubt the value of traditional knowledge because the occupation of the Arctic doesnt go back far enough. Others, however, point out that the first weather stations in the far north date back just 50 years. There are still huge gaps in our environmental knowledge, and despite

21、the scientific onslaught, many predictions are no more than best guesses. IQ could help to bridge the gap and resolve the tremendous uncertainty about how much of what were seeing is natural capriciousness and how much is the consequence of human activity.Questions 33-40Complete the summary of parag

22、raphs C and D below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from paragraphs C and D for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 33-40 on your answer sheet.If you visit the Canadian Arctic, you immediately appreciate the problems faced by people for whom this is home. It would clearly be impossible for the peo

23、ple to engage in 33. as a means of supporting themselves. For thousands of years they have had to rely on catching 34. and 35. as a means of sustenance.The harsh surroundings saw many who tried to settle there pushed to their limits, although some were successful. The 36. people were an example of t

24、he latter and for them the environment did not prove unmanageable. For the present inhabitants, life continues to be a struggle. The territory of Nunavut consists of little more than ice, rock and a few 37. In recent years, many of them have been obliged to give up their 38. lifestyle, but they cont

25、inue to depend mainly on 39. for their food and clothes. 40. produce is particularly expensive.体裁 议论文主题 气候变化与因纽特人结构 A段：概述北极罕见事件敲响警钟 B段：因纽特人对于环境变化做出的反映C段：艰苦恶劣的自然条件 D段：生活必需品来源的替代品E段：安逸生活的负面影响 F段：因纽特人对于环境的建议逐渐被考虑和重视G段：人们对于环境的结识十分有限A段incidentn.事件abstractadj.抽象的snowmobilen.雪地汽车shrinkv.收缩thawn.融雪ice-freea

26、dj.不冻的igloon.圆顶建筑knock-onadj.连锁的insulatingadj.绝缘的precipitationn.降水permafrostn. 永久冰冻(永久冻土，永久冻地)canaryn.金丝雀B段urgentadj.急切的，紧要的，紧急的hard-wonadj.难得的，来之不易的precariousa.不拟定的；危险的autonomyn.自治.自治权threatn.威胁lie in在于contentadj.满足的combinev.结合stand back退后(靠后站，不介入)ancestrala.祖先的，祖传的C段vastadj.广阔的vanishv.消失polaradj.两

27、极的，极地的adapt to适应venturev.冒险cope with对付(应付，克服)terrainn.地带Thulen.古人相信存在于世界北端的国家，极北之地meagreadj.瘦的，局限性的exploitv.开发，开拓kayakn.(爱斯基摩人用的)皮船mammaln.哺乳动物sledn.雪撬D段descendantn.子孙，后代rely on依赖，依靠harshadj.艰苦的；苛刻的provisionn.供应品，必需品indigenousadj.本土的replace with取代，以代替abandonv.放弃scarceadj.缺少的，局限性的nomadicadj.游牧的E段curt

28、ailv.缩减，减少identityn.身份；特性obesityn.肥胖，肥大depressionn.沮丧，情绪低落；忧郁症diabetesn.糖尿病F段at stake在危险中(处在成败关头)credibilityn.可信性tease out梳理，挑出consultv.商议；请教vitaladj.至关重要的；所必需的agendan.议程wisdomn.明智的行为：智慧impingev.侵犯G段occupationn.占有tremendousadj.巨大的，惊人的onslaughtn.冲击capriciousnessn.任性；善变predictionn.预言，预报难句解析1. While th

29、e Inuit may not actually starve if hunting and trapping are curtailed by climate change, there has certainly been an impact on peoples health.参考译文：即使气候变化阻碍了狩猎和诱捕，因纽特人或许也不会真的挨饿受冻，但气候变化的确影响了人们的健康。语言点：(1)starve：使饿死，饿得要死a. to suffer or die because you do not have enough to eat Thousands of people will s

30、tarve if food doesnt reach the city.假如食物到不了城市，成千上万的人将饿死。 Theyll either die from the cold or starve to death (=die from lack of food).他们不是冻死就是饿死。b. be starving: to be very hungryYou must be starving!你肯定饿了。c. starve somebody/something of something: to not give something that is neededThe schools are s

31、tarved of funding.学校需要资金。(2)curtail：缩减to reduce or limit something The new law will curtail police powers.新法律将减弱警察的势力。 Budget cuts have drastically curtailed training programs.预算削减极大限度地减少了培训项目。2. In Nunavuts igloo and email society, where adults who were born in igloos have children who may never ha

32、ve been out on the land, theres a high incidence of depression.参考译文：在努纳武特地区“圆顶冰屋加电子邮件”的社会中，父母出生在冰屋之中，而其子女们或许历来没有到野外狩猎的经历，忧郁症频繁发生。注：此句话具有两个从句，一个是where引导的地点状语从句，另一个是who引导的定语从句。语言点：(1)地点状语从句：地点状语从句通常由where，wherever引导。如：Where I live there are plenty of trees.我住的地方树很多。Wherever I am I will be thinking of

33、you.不管我在哪里我都会想到你。(2)定语从句：关系代词引导的定语从句定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词、词组或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。关系代词有：who，whom，whose，that，which等。关系副词有：when，where，why等。关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1)who，whom，that代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语：

34、I she them an who/that wants to see you?他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)He is them an whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)2)whose用来指人或物，(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换)，例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Please pass me the book whose (of which) cov

35、er is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3)which，that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣景象。The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which/that在句中作宾语)3. And Western scientists are starting to

36、 draw on this wisdom, increasingly referred to as Inuit Qaujimajatuqangitor IQ.参考译文：西方的科学家们也开始逐渐吸取借鉴传统知识，并将其称为“因纽特智慧”或IQ。语言点：(1) draw on: 凭借, 运用 to use information or your knowledge of something to help you do somethinga. His novels draw heavily on his childhood.他的小说在很大限度上以他的童年为素材。b. She had a wealt

37、h of experience to draw on.他有许多丰富的经验可用。(2)refer to：谈及to talk or write about someone or something, especially brieflyIn her autobiography she occasionally refers to her unhappy schooldays.在她的自传里，她偶尔谈及她不快乐的学校生活。试题解析Questions 27-32题目类型：List of Headings题目解析：题号段落主题句题目解析27B段：They believe their best hope o

38、f survival in their changing environment lies in combining their ancestral knowledge with the best of modern science.B段重要介绍了因纽特人不满足于自己袖手旁观而让外国专家们告知他们北极的现状，他们要把祖先的知识和现代科技进行结合来解决环境变化问题。很明显可以看出，这是对于环境变化的一种反映和对策。因此答案为i。28C段开头：The Canadian Arctic is a vast treeless polar desert thats covered with snow fo

39、r most of the year.C段具体地描述了位于加拿大北极圈里面的地貌，并且还提及了因纽特人的祖先顽强地适应了下来并定居在这片土地上。因此逐个分析答案可以看到只有vi符合原段意思。29D段后半部分：关键词：food/clothing/provisions / meat此段重点描述了过去因纽特人依靠自然提供食物和衣服，而现在则是更加先进的飞机和船运进口必需品，所以可以看出一个转变的过程。纵观题干，不难看出答案是iii，即生活必需品的替代的来源。30E段:there has certainly been an impact on peoples health.一方面E段开头用while，

40、则可判断主题句应当在后半句。意思是这些气候变化会对人们的健康有影响。通过下一句的举例：肥胖，心脏病和糖尿病就可以判断出是一个负面的影响。那么相应题干negative effect，故答案是vii。31F段：the Inuit are determined to play a key role in teasing out the mysteries of climate change in the Arctic./in recent years，IQ has had much more credibility and weight.F段首句提出了因纽特人决定在应对北极环境变化要起关键作用。后面

41、第五行的一句话，说“IQ已经逐渐显示出其可信度和重要性。”因此可以拟定与答案iv相相应：对于因纽特人的意见和建议越来越尊重。故答案是iv。32G段：There are still huge gaps in our environmental knowledge, and despite the scientific onslaught, many predictions are no more than best guesses.通过对于主题句进行分析，前半句提出观点，后半句给予说明。所以，作者本段的观点应当是“我们的环境知识还很匮乏”。gaps in knowledge很容易跟题干ii选项中

42、的understanding limited相应，因此断定答案选择ii。Questions 33-40题目类型：SUMMARY题目解析：此题型尽管看上去很复杂，但是由于题目中已经给出具体段落，间接地减少了题目难度。因此只要重点阅读文章的C段和D段即可。题号定位词文中相应点题目解析33Canadian ArcticFarming is out of the question and nature offers meager pickings.此空格规定填一个名词，由于engage in表达“参与”的意思，后面in应当跟名词。看题目中填空的附近有一个impossible，表达否认。这样带着目的去阅

43、读C段文章，可以找到这句话。根据分析，文章中的out of question和题目中impossible相应，因此可以找到out of question的主语即farming就是我们需要的答案，并且说engage in farming也符合常理和语法规则。34-35catching, andsurviving by exploiting sea mammals and fish.一方面看到and并列连词，所以34和35题两个是并列关系，这可以帮助我们找到答案。此外一点是可以判断出34和35题要填写名词，做catching的宾语。这样到文章中去相应可以找到这句话。看到exploiting和cat

44、ching完全相应，并且后面的两个名词是并列关系，所以可以说轻而易举就找到了对的答案mammals和fish。关键的连词如and等有的时候是解题的突破口。题号定位词文中相应点题目解析36pushed limitsThe environment tested them to the limits/one group emerged that was uniquely well adapted to cope with the Arctic environment./These Thule people moved in from Alaska由于空格附近是people，因此可以断定空格处应当填一

45、个形容词。并且这类人是latter的一个example，并且是“后者的一个例子”，所以此题要通读有空格的一句话和空格之前的一句话。可以看出要写的一类人是成功生活在艰难环境中的。找到pushed limits作为定位词，在文章中找到相应句子。但是答案并不在这里，我们需要找到成功的人群。因此继续往下跟踪，看到文章提到了成功的人群，但直到最后才找到本题的对的答案。Thule人，注意要忠实原文，一定要大写T。注意此题阅读跨度比较大，很容易犯错，因此要细致。37territory of Nunavut, /ice, rockNunavut is 1.9 million square kilometers

46、 of rock and ice，and a handful of islands around the North Pole.题干很明显的定位词Nunavut可以在文章的D段开头找到。之后文章里面出现了rock and ice，and a handful of islands，这样答案很清楚地和题干相应上，因此直接填上islands就可以了。特别要注意的是，题干空格前面用a few of来修饰，因此后面空格里必须是复数。38in recent years/been obliged to give up/ lifestyleOver the past 40 years，most have abandoned their nomadic ways题干中提及被迫放弃什么生活方式，因此规定填一个形容词来修饰生活方式lifestyle。而时间状语in recent years是关键定位词。继续37题往下读。可以看到一个时间状语over the past 40 years正好跟我们的in recent years相应，而abandon与give up，ways和lifes