2023年考研英语真题及答案解析文都何老师.doc

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1、2023考研英语真题及答案解析：难度稍降分数线预计持平 2023年考研英语已经结束，考研辅导专家第一时间为你提供真题解析，以帮助广大考生及时估分查询，希望考生能顺利进入复试，最终考上抱负的大学。英语试题的整体难度今年的英语试题，参比2023年难度上是持平的，但是有些试题的难度要比2023年的前70分要容易一些。英语写作部分今年英语(一)的写作完全在教育部出题老师的指导下，让所有2023年的考生可以把自己的目光还原到我们的大学，大学生活，提醒中可看到今年小作文的考题实际是让同学像有些国际学生，一些留学生要来我们的学校，作为我们来讲是东道主，我们是主人，应当向他们提供我们的一些建议，希望他们可以更

2、好的完毕学业，这个话题真的是司空见惯，并且以前的高考和四六级模拟中经常看到，所以，这道题难度不大。今年英语(一)的大作文也许让同学们感到比较头疼，看到这个题目同学们不知道如何下手，有很多同学都喜欢看一些央视的百家讲坛，其中，有一个非常非常不错的女老师就是于丹老师曾经在百家讲坛说过一句话，就是我们人生应当如何面对，我们应当以什么态度去体会我们真正生活存在的空间。英语(二)的小作文相对去年来说要难一些，今年小作文考的是投诉信，全世界所有需要考英语的学生们，其中有很多人他们需要考信件，但是据了解有很多全世界各国要考英语信件的同学们，他们有一个共识，信件方面最难写的其实就是投诉信;所以，英语(二)的小

3、作文比英语(一)的小作文难一些。分数线预测今年考题和去年考题进行大体比对后，分数线在某种意义上是持平，有些题目要容易一些，但是不能乐观的分析今年的分数线，由于165万多人去考研，比去年增长很多，可是在扩招的整个名额中并没有多了多少，所以，还是保持谨慎乐观，还是以去年的分数线参照。2023年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题Section Use of EnglishPeople are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first gla

4、nce this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised tha

5、t a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few

6、 others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The score

7、s were 15 used in conjunction with an applicants score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees

8、 was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1.A grant B submi

9、ts C transmits D delivers2.A minor Bobjective C crucial D external3.A issue B vision C picture D moment4.A For example B On average C In principleD Above all5.A fond Bfearful C capable D thoughtless6.A in B on C to D for7.A if Buntil C though D unless8.A promote Bemphasize C share D test9.A decision

10、 B quality C status D success10.A chosen Bstupid Cfound D identified 11.A exceptional B defensible C replaceable D otherwise12.A inspired Bexpressed C conducted D secured13.A assigned Brated C matched D arranged14.A put Bgot Cgave D took15.Ainstead Bthen C ever D rather16.Aselected Bpassed C marked

11、D introduced17.Abefore B after C above D below18.A jump B float C drop D fluctuate19.Aachieve Bundo C maintain Ddisregard20. A promising B possible C necessary D helpfulSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,

12、 C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2023 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesnt affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistants

13、sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldnt be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Clines th

14、ree-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more

15、 profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal meant to last only a wash or two, although they dont advertise thatand to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycle

16、s, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural reso

17、urces, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion worlds answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollans The Omnivores Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans, she fi

18、nds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a yearabout 64 items per personand no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2023 has make all of her own clothesand beautifully. But as Cline i

19、s the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, cant be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environmentincluding H&M, with its green Conscious Collection LineCline believes lasting-change can only

20、be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they cant afford to it.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for herA poor bargaining skill. B in

21、sensitivity to fashion.C obsession with high fashion.Dlack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers toA combat unnecessary waste. B shut out the feverish fashion world.C resist the influence of advertisements.D shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indi

22、ctment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning toA accusation.B enthusiasm.C indifference.D tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?A Vanity has more often been found in idealists. B The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.C People are more interested in

23、 unaffordable garments.D Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?A Satire on an extravagant lifestyle. B Challenge to a high-fashion myth.C Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.D Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half o

24、f all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple

25、of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2023 Americas Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a do

26、 not track (DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsofts Internet Explorer and Apples Safari both offer DNT ;Googles Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that th

27、e industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop t

28、racking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsofts default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad bu

29、siness too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other pro

30、ducts favourably with Googles on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsofts chief privacy officer, bloggde:we believe consumers should have more control. Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:A ease competition among themselves

31、B lower their operational costsC avoid complaints from consumers Dprovide better online services27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:A online advertisers B e-commerce conductorsC digital information analysisDinternet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a defaultA many

32、 cut the number of junk ads B fails to affect the ad industryC will not benefit consumers Dgoes against human nature29. which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6?A DNT may not serve its intended purpose B Advertisers are willing to implement DNTC DNT is losing its popularity among cons

33、umersD Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The authors attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:A indulgenceB understandingC appreciactionD skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowin

34、gly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change.

35、 You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldnt we? Take a broader look at our species place in the universe, and it becomes clear

36、that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the Red List of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distr

37、ibuted, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagshi

38、p project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence .Perhaps willfully , it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of todays technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly com

39、plicated, and its perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. Thats one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with c

40、onsiderable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspect

41、ive makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the

42、 future used to be inspired byA our desire for lives of fulfillmentB our faith in science and technologyC our awareness of potential risksD our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCNs “Red List” suggest that human being areA a sustained species B a threaten to the environmentC the worlds dominant p

43、owerD a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?A Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.B Technology offers solutions to social problem.C The interest in science fiction is on the rise. D Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future

44、 of mankind, it is crucial toA explore our planets abundant resourcesB adopt an optimistic view of the worldC draw on our experience from the past D curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A Uncertainty about Our Future B Evolution of the H

45、uman SpeciesC The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind D Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizonas immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the dec

46、ision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administrations effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizonas controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal

47、 immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by C