2022年自考英美文学选读背诵精华篇.doc

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1、NameWriters FeaturesWritingsWritings FeaturesEnglish LiteratureThe Renaissance Period 1. age: 1500-16602. background: stimulated by the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek classic; Englands Golden Age, especially in literature; the Church of England broke away from the Catholic Church3. features:

2、 (1)New poetical forms introduced, e.g. blank verse and sonnet;(2) the English drama based itself on the models of Roman and Greek classics and the precedents from Italy and Spain(3)the universal tend of humanism in emphasizing mans dignity and his worldly happinessEdmund Spenser1. The poets poet;2.

3、 Perfect melody; a rare sense of beauty; a splendid imagination; a lofty moral purity and seriousness; a dedicated idealismThe Faerie Queen (The Shepheades Calender Epithalamion)An allegory; a historical poem to present the example of a perfect gentleman; a hero represent one of the 12 virtues; fier

4、ce warres and faithful lovesChristopher Marlowe(Blank verse University wit）1. perfected blank verse and turned it into the principal medium of English drama2. created a series of images of the Renaissance hero for English dramaDr FauctusThe Passionate Shepherd to His Love1. symbolic of a humanist in

5、 the Renaissance; based on the German legend of a magician aspiring for knowledge and finally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the DevilWilliam ShakespeareThe greatest playwright and the most popular sonnet writer; a creation of characters; skillful plot construction; irony;

6、 a good use of a language; skilled in various poetic forms; of three quatrains and a couplet(三节四行诗加一节偶句); national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity“The Kings government must be carried on” (在一种强大英明旳君主统治下旳国家，统一是非常必要旳)(Each hero has his weekness of nature: Hamlet, the melancholic

7、 scholar-prince, faces the dilemma between action and mind; Othellos inner weakness is made use of by the outside evil force; the old king Lear who is unwilling to totally give up his power makes himself suffer from treachery and infidelity; and Macbeths lust for power stirs up his ambition and lead

8、s him to incessant crimes.)literature should be a combination of beauty, kindness and truth, and should reflect nature and realitySonnetsThe Merchant of VeniceHamlet (Venus and Adonis; The Rape of Lucrece; romantic tragicomedies ; Romeo and Juliet; Shakespeares greatest tragedies are : Hamlet, Othel

9、lo, King Lear, and Macbeth)1. 154 poems; English form2. The traditional theme of the play is to praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a heroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, and to expose the insatiable greed and brutality of the Jew. Many people today tend to

10、 regard the play as a satire of the Christians hypocrisy and their false standards of friendship and love, their cunning ways of pursuing worldliness and their unreasoning prejudice against Jews (Shylock). 3. A man of contemplation rather than action; has the qualities of a “blood-and-thunder” thril

11、ler and a philosophical exploration of life and deathFrancis Bacona well known philosopher scientist and essayist; lays the foundation of modern science; his Essays is an important landmark in the development of English prosebrevitycompactnesspowerfulnessOf StudiesIt analyzes what studies chiefly se

12、rve for, the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies, and how studies exert influence over human charaterJohn Donnethe leading figure(代表人物) of the metaphysical school(玄学派); his poems can be divided into two groups: the secular and the religious; sermons; The songs and Sonnetsa s

13、eemingly unfocused diversity of experiences and attitudes and a free range of feelings and moods; dynamic rather than staticThe Sun RisingDeath, Be Not Proud（Holy Sonnets）1. dramatizing and illustrating the state of being in love2. a bold challenge to the proud DeathJohn MiltonA versatile writer; fi

14、ght for freedom in all aspects as a Christian humanistParadise LostSatan, after being defeated in his rebel against God, tempts Adam and Eve to eat the apples from the Forbidden Tree, and causes the Fall of ManThe Neoclassical Period 1. age: 1660-17982. background: The English society of the neoclas

15、sical period was a turbulent one. Fast development of England as a nation; the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason3. features: (1)a furtherance of the Renaissance the Enlightenment Movement, advocated universal education(2)reason, eternal truth, eternal justice, eternal equality was what human

16、 society should seek for; advocated universal education(3)reviving the interest in old classical works (neoclassicism)(4)keep to order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy(5)had specific rules for almost every genre of literatureJohn BunyanAs a stout Puritan, he had made a conscientious study of

17、the Bible and firmly believed in salvation through spiritual struggleConcrete and living languagecarefully observed and vividly presented detailThe Pilgrims Progress (Symbolizes human world, for All the cometh is vanity; everything and anything in this world is vanity, have no value and no meaning;

18、but this town lay in the way to the Celestial City, meaning pilgrims had to resist the temptations there when they made their way through)Is the most successful religious allegory in the English language; its purpose is to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines and seek salvation through consta

19、nt struggles with their own weakness and all kinds of social evilsAlexander PopeStrongly advocated neoclassicism, emphasizing that literary works should be judged by classical rules of order, reason, logic, restrained emotion, good taste and decorumSatiricconcisesmoothgracefulwell-balanced styleOn C

20、riticisma comprehensive study of the theories of literary criticism; a typical didactic one; written in the form of heroic couplets, its plain in style and it is easy to read.Daniel Defoe A very good story-teller; his sentences are sometimes short, crisp and plain, and sometimes long and rambling, w

21、hich leave on the reader an impression of casual narrationSmootheasycolloquialmostly vernacularRobinson CrusoeAdventure on a deserted island; depicts a hero grows from an inexperienced youth onto a shrewd and hardened man; a song of courage, wisdom, struggle against the hostile natural environmentJo

22、nathan SwiftIs almost unsurpassed in the writing of simple, direct, precise prose; “proper words in proper places”Clearsimpleconcrete dictionuncomplicated sentence structureeconomy and conciseness of languageGullivers TravelsFour places: Lilliput, Brobdingnag, the flying island; HouyhnhnmHenry Field

23、ingFirst of all the 18th century English novelist to write the comic epic in prose; the first to give the modern novel its structure and style; use the third-person narration; “Father of the English Novel ”; “the just copies of human manners”Easyunlabouredfamiliarextremely vivid and vigorous logic a

24、nd rhythmTom JonesSamuel JohnsonVery much concerned with the theme of the vanity of human wishes; no matter how complex his sentences are, the thought is always clearly expressed To the Right Honorable the Earl of ChesterfieldA strong indignation at the Earls fame-fishing; implying writers independe

25、nce in economy and writing; open a new era in the development of literatureRichard Brinsley SheridanThe only important English dramatist of the eighteenth century; in his plays, morality is the constant themeThe School of ScandalA story about two brothersThomas GrayThe leader of the sentimental poet

26、ry of the day, especially “the Graveyard School”Elegy Written in a Country ChurchyardReflects on death, the sorrow of life, and the mysteries of human life with a touch of his personal melancholyThe Romantic Period 1. age: 1798-18702. background: coming along with the French Revolution and the Indus

27、trial Revolution3. features:(1)contrary with the neoclassicism: emphasize that man have in common, focuses on the special qualities of individual mind(2)tend to probe into the inner world of the human spirit rather narrate daily happenings of the human world(3)employ rural scenery, legendary and myt

28、hological, stories of ancient times, figures from country and Orientals(4)produce a number of great poets, the Romantic period is an age of poetry(5)the focus of the everyday life of human beings in the Age brought about the flourishing of familiar essaysWilliam BlakeThe first important Romantic poe

29、t; the spokesman of vevolt; took “This World” as “a World of Imagination and Vision”, declaring that “The Nature of my work is visionary and imaginative”Plaindirectlyric beautysymbolismThe Chimney Sweeper/Songs of InnocenceThe Chimney Sweeper/Songs of Experience / The Tyger1. indicates the condition

30、s of the exploitation of child labor, which make religion a consolation;2. reveals the true nature of religion which helps bring misery to the poor childrenWilliam WordsworthA “worshipper of nature”; a poet in memory of the past, to him, life is a cyclical journey, its beginning finally turns out to

31、 be its end; Advocate the writing of the common people in ordinary language; the joys and sorrows of the common people are his themes; natural scenery with its beauty and mystery acts also as one of his favorite themes, the poor in rural places; reveal the inner workings of individuals mind; the see

32、ming simplicity of the poet both in diction and description is immersed in a profound and sympathetic longing for a better world; poetry originates from “emotion recollected in tranquillity”Lyrical BalladsTintern AbbeyI Wandered Lonely as a CloudComposed upon Westminster Bridge She Dwelt Among the U

33、ntrodden WaysThe Solitary ReaperA vivid picture of a beautiful morning I n London; Italian formSamuel Taylor ColeridgeCan be divided into two groups: the demonic and conversational; Kubla KhanDescribes the pleasure dome of the Khan;George Gordon ByronG.G.Byrons chief contribution: “Byronic hero”: Su

34、ch a hero is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin. Passionate and powerful, he is right all the wrongs in a corrupt society, and he would fight single handedly against all the misdoings, political, religious and moral. Thus his figure is a rebellious individual against outworn social sys

35、tems and conventions. Song for the LudditesDon Juan （The Isles of Greece）Percy Bysshe ShelleyGreatest achievement is his four-act poetic drama, Prometheus UnboundA Song : Men of EnglandOde to the West Wind1. a war cry calling upon all working people of England to rise up against their political oppr

36、essors and an address to point out to them the intolerable injustice of economic exploitation2. The autumn wind, burying the dead year, preparing for a new Spring; “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?”expressed eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the realityJohn KeatsSensuous, color

37、ful and rich in imagery; exact and closely knit construction, sensual descriptionOde to an Grecian UrnShow the contrast between the permanence of art and the transience of human passionJane AustenMain literary concern is about human beings in their personal relationships; her characteristic theme is

38、 that maturity is achieved through the loss of illusions/Delightful and profoundPride and PrejudiceWave vivid pictures of everyday life of simple country societyThe Victorian Period 1. age:1836-19012. background:(1)early years: rapid economic development as well as serious social problems(2)the next

39、 twenty years: prosperity and relative stability. a national spirit of earnestness, respectability, modesty domesticity(3)the last three decades: the decline of the British empire and the decay of the Victorian values3. idea:(1)Darwins The Origin of Species; The Descent of Man shook the theoretical

40、basis of the traditional faith(2)Utilitarianism: whether it could promote the material happiness(3)socially conscious writers criticized(2)s depreciation of cultural values, cold indifference towards human feeling(4)literature: magnitude and diversity, romantically and realistically4.critical realis

41、t writers: criticized the society, concerned about the fate of common peopleCharles Dickens1. theme: critical realist writers, criticize: poverty, injustice, hypocrisy, corruptness2. characteristics:(1)he is skillful in the dialect and have a large vocabulary(2)character portrayal(3)characters are m

42、ostly innocent ,helpless, persecuted child characters(4)a mixture of humor and sympathism (pathos)(5)bizarre figure, horrible Oliver Twist(The Pickwick Paper; David Copperfield; Domeby and Son; A Tale of Two Cities; Bleak House; Little Dorrit; Hard Times; Great Expectations)the cruelty and hypocrisy

43、 of the workhouse system and the dark criminal underworld lifeThe Bronte Sisters1.scene: vast, rough, untouched moorland wilderness2. Charlottes works are all about the struggle of an individual consciousness towards self-realization, about some lonely and neglected young women with a fierce longing

44、 for love, understanding and a full, happylife. In her mind, mans life is composed of perpetual battle between sin and virtue, good and evilJane Eyre /Charlotte BronteWuthering Heights/Emily Bronte1.Mr.Rochester and Jane Eyre. Rochester: a grim-looking, energetic, quick-tempered, but an understandin

45、g middle-aged man; has a burning spirit and a longing to love and be loved; struggles for recognition of her basic rights and equality as a woman. Its an individual conscious struggle towards self-realization. She gets joy through the sacrifice of herself or her weakness overcome3. (uses flashbacks)

46、Nelly: Catherines old nurse, narrator, told Mr. Lockwood, a temporary tenant the storyAlfred TennysonPoet Laureate(Wordsworth, Southey)a powerful expression of the poets philosophical and religious thoughts, his doubts about life, soul; has the natural power of linking visual pictures with musical e

47、xpression, and these two with the feelings Break Break BreakCrossing The BarUlysses1. the feeling of sadness are contrasted with the carefree, innocent joys of the children and the unfeeling movement of the ship and sea waves; abcb2. means leaving this world and entering the next world3. express Ten

48、nysons own determination and courage to brave the struggle of life but also reflects the restlessness and aspiration of the ageRobert Browningperfects dramatic monologue, keeps readers alert, thoughtful and enlightenedMy Last DuchessMeeting at NightParting at Morning1. in heroic couplets, dramatic monologuesounds like blank verseGeorge EliotPseudonym: Mary Ann Evansfounder of stream of consciousness, focus on inner struggle. h