公司财务分析课程解析(74页PPT).pptx
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1、第第11讲讲 公司财务分析(公司财务分析(2)南开大学经济学院南开大学经济学院 张增伟张增伟2006-04-27主要内容1 会计师组织概览 1-1 四大国际会计公司(四大国际会计公司(Big Four)1-2 2005年中国会计师事务所前年中国会计师事务所前10强(强(Top 10)1-3 2004年中国会计师事务所前年中国会计师事务所前10强(强(Top 10)1-4 中国的注册会计师现状中国的注册会计师现状2 公司财务报表典型案例分析 2-1 上市公司常见利润操纵手法上市公司常见利润操纵手法 2-2 上市公司操纵利润案例分析上市公司操纵利润案例分析1 会计师组织概览本资料来源本资料来源1-
2、1 四大国际会计公司(Big Four)DTT 德勤德勤 1845Deloitte Touche TohmatsuPwC 普华永道普华永道 1849PricewaterhouseCoopersKPMG 毕马威毕马威 1870Klynveld Peat Marwick GoerdelerEY 安永安永 1906Ernst&YoungGlobal Revenue Comparisonin US$BillionsPwCPricewaterhouseCoopers has been created by the merger of two firms-Price Waterhouse and Coop
3、ers&Lybrand-each with historical roots going back some 150 years.Set out below are some key milestones in the history of both firms.1849 Samuel Lowell Price sets up in business in London 1854 William Cooper establishes his own practice in London,which seven years later becomes Cooper Brothers 1865 P
4、rice,Holyland and Waterhouse join forces in partnership 1874 Name changes to Price,Waterhouse&Co.1898 Robert H.Montgomery,William M.Lybrand,Adam A.Ross Jr.and his brother T.Edward Ross form Lybrand,Ross Brothers and Montgomery 1957 Cooper Brothers&Co(UK),McDonald,Currie and Co(Canada)and Lybrand,Ros
5、s Bros&Montgomery(US)merge to form Coopers&Lybrand 1982 Price Waterhouse World Firm formed 1990 Coopers&Lybrand merges with Deloitte Haskins&Sells in a number of countries around the world 1998 Worldwide merger of Price Waterhouse and Coopers&Lybrand to create PricewaterhouseCoopers KPMGKPMG was for
6、med in 1987 with the merger of Peat Marwick International(PMI)and Klynveld Main Goerdeler(KMG),and their respective member firms.Spanning three centuries,the organizations history can be traced through the names of its principal founding members,whose initials form the name KPMG.K stands for Klynvel
7、dPiet Klynveld founded the accounting firm Klynveld Kraayenhof&Co.in Amsterdam,in 1917.P is for PeatWilliam Barclay Peat founded the accounting firm William Barclay Peat&Co.in London,in 1870.M stands for MarwickJames Marwick founded the accounting firm Marwick,Mitchell&Co.with Roger Mitchell,in New
8、York City,in 1897.G is for GoerdelerDr.Reinhard Goerdeler was the first President of the International Federation of Accountants,and was for several years the Chairman of KMG.He is credited with laying many of the foundations for the Klynveld Main Goerdeler merger.DTTWilliam Welch DeloitteGeorge Tou
9、che Admiral Nobuzo TohmatsuDTT1845 Deloitte opens his own accountancy office opposite the Bankruptcy Court on Basinghall Street,London.1880 First overseas Deloitte office opens in New York.Branches of this New York outpost are subsequently established in Cincinnati(1905),Chicago and Montreal(1912),B
10、oston(1930),and Los Angeles(1945).1898 George Touche establishes his own firm in London.1900 George Touche and John Ballantine Niven form Touche,Niven&Co.in New York.At that time,there were fewer than 500 certified public accountants in the U.S.Staff complement of Deloitte reaches 80 persons.1901 Ha
11、skins&Sells opens first regional office in Chicago and first overseas office in London.1952 Nobuzo Tohmatsu qualifies as a certified public accountant in Japan and becomes a partner in a foreign-affiliated accounting firm.Agreement reached to merge the businesses of Deloitte,Plender,Griffiths&Compan
12、y and Haskins&Sells in the U.S.,under the name Deloitte Haskins&Sells.1960 Touche,Niven,Bailey&Smart merges with George Touche&Co.(Britain)and Ross,Touche&Co.(Canada)to form Touche,Ross,Bailey&Smart.1961 Issuance of American Depositary Receipts in New York by Sony and Toshiba the first Japanese comp
13、anies to sell their securities in the U.S.1965 Fraudulent bankruptcy of the Sanyo Special Steel Company leads to changes in Japans Certified Public Accountant Law to provide for the formation of audit corporations similar to accounting partnerships in the U.S.and elsewhere.1968 Under the leadership
14、of Iwao Tomita,Founding Partner,Tohmatsu Awoki&Co.(later Tohmatsu&Co.)starts operations with 10 partners and staff in Tokyo and smaller,loosely affiliated practices in four other Japanese cities.By 1989,the firm has 800 people in its Tokyo office alone,and a network of other offices throughout Japan
15、,as well as Japanese professionals on assignment in Touche Ross offices around the world.1969 Adoption of the name Touche Ross&Co.,at the conclusion of a decade during which mergers were completed with more than 50 other firms in the U.S.and formal associations created with national firms in 55 coun
16、tries.1975 Formal agreement is signed by which Tohmatsu Awoki&Co.become part of the Touche Ross International network.1978 The name Deloitte Haskins&Sells is adopted.1990 Merger that creates Deloitte&Touche.1993 International firm is named Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu.2003 On October 1,the global organi
17、zation announces the launch of the new brand name“Deloitte.”EYEYYoung,born in Scotland in 1863 and a graduate of Glasgow University,was privileged and soft-spoken.His interest in investments and banking eventually led him to accounting.He migrated to the United States,settled in Chicago and,in 1906,
18、founded Arthur Young&Co.By contrast,the outgoing Ernst,born in 1881 in the United States,in Cleveland,was basically self-made.Following high school,he worked as a bookkeeper and,four years later in 1903,joined with his brother,Theodore,to start Ernst&Ernst.Entrepreneurs and Innovators.Ernst pioneere
19、d the idea that accounting information could be used to make business decisionsthe forerunner of management consulting.He also was the first to advertise professional services.Young was profoundly interested in the development of young professionals.In the 1920s he originated a staff school;in the 1
20、930s,his firm was the first to recruit from university campuses.Both firms were quick to enter the global marketplace.As early as 1924,they allied with prominent British firmsYoung with Broads Paterson&Co.,and Ernst with Whinney Smith&Whinney.In 1979,Ernsts original agreement led to the formation of
21、 Ernst&Whinney.These alliances were the first of many for both firms throughout the worldand they are the roots of the global organization today.A New PowerErnst&Young.Ironically,A.C.Ernst and Arthur Young,who never met in life,died within days of each other in 1948.In 1989,the firms they started co
22、mbined to create Ernst&Young.The new organization quickly positioned itself on the leading edge of rapid globalization,new business technologies,and continuous business change.事务所名称事务所名称FY2004(万元)(万元)CPA人数人数业务收入业务收入增长率增长率(%)总收入总收入审计收入审计收入1普华永道中天会计师事务所(沪)普华永道中天会计师事务所(沪)124677 113025 45738.17 2毕马威华振会计
23、师事务所(京)毕马威华振会计师事务所(京)71578 60378 23165.78 3德勤华永会计师事务所(沪)德勤华永会计师事务所(沪)65797 42092 18174.82 4安永华明会计师事务所(京)安永华明会计师事务所(京)62846 51819 15490.87 5上海立信长江会计师事务所(沪)上海立信长江会计师事务所(沪)15330 12442 27334.95 6信永中和会计师事务所(京)信永中和会计师事务所(京)12095 10518 23142.75 7中审会计师事务所(京)中审会计师事务所(京)11659 9759 29756.31 8岳华会计师事务所(京)岳华会计师事务
24、所(京)10096 7852 31517.14 9中瑞华恒信会计师事务所(京)中瑞华恒信会计师事务所(京)8423 7254 15414.32 10北京京都会计师事务所(京)北京京都会计师事务所(京)7540 7185 17114.71 1-2 2004年中国会计师事务所前10强1-3 2004年中国会计师事务所前10强事务所名称事务所名称FY2003(万元)(万元)(%)CPA人数人数1普华永道中天(沪)9023317.754642毕马威华振(京)4317629.122353 德勤华永(沪)3763629.101914安永华明(京)3292633.671755 上海立信长江(沪)113601
25、2.602526岳华(京)86193.324097信永中和(京)847331.082438中审(京)745917.952759中瑞华恒信(京)73684.0518210江苏公证(苏)683343.491341-4 中国的注册会计师现状l中国于1980年恢复重建了注册会计师制度,1989年成立了行业自律组织中国注册会计师协会,1991年起开始注册会计师资格考试、1993年注册会计师法颁布实施,1995年开始执行行业执业准则。l截至2006年4月10日,全国共有会计师事务所5686家,注册会计师69340人,非执业会员7万多人,海外非执业会员403人。2005年全行业业务收入总额超过170亿元。l
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