2022年高中英语完形填空题解题技巧训练.docx

《2022年高中英语完形填空题解题技巧训练.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年高中英语完形填空题解题技巧训练.docx（14页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高中英语完形填空题解题技巧训练教案完型填空题是集词语辨析、词的用法以及搭配、语法、单句懂得、语篇理 解的考查为一体的综合题, 不但要求同学们具有扎实的基础学问,而且仍要求必 须具备较强的分析懂得、 规律推断才能及语感； 该题型在历届高考试题中起着重 要的作用, 详细来说,由于短文被挖去一些词, 造成信息的中断, 同学们做题时,必定会显现思维断层现象； 假如不把握正确的解题思路及步骤,并通过适当的训练的话,同学们面对此题时就会束手无策,久而久之就会对完形填空产生厌烦、惧怕心理,更不利于才能的提高,不利于临场发挥；本文结合笔者的教学实际,浅谈完形填

2、空题的解题思路与步骤,一、解题方法1、通览全文,明白大意 由于完型填空试题主要测试同学们在语篇层面上综合运用语言的才能,在解 答试题的之前应快速阅读全文, 抓住文章的主题, 搞清作者的思路及上下文的逻辑关系；一般说来,通读的关键是弄清第一句往往点明主题,且是没留空白的完整句 和最终一句 往往总结、概括全文 ；另外,在浏览时全文的时候,要重点明白文中所表达的人物、时间、地点、大事,即who,when,where,what；例如有篇文章的第一句话为：Why is a space left between the rails of a railway line where one piece joi

3、ns the next？这句话从铁轨之间的缝隙引出了问题；依据常识,就会很快的知道文中的内容应与热胀冷缩的物理现象有关；2、快速反应,初做答案 找到文章的突破口之后,就要趁着思路清楚时,快速做出反应,一鼓作气将文中全部能填的空填起来, 不因某试题临时给不了答案的题停留太久；做题以了解文章的大意为前提, 如遇个别难题, 可以临时跳过去或初拟一个答案；假如停滞不前,不但会打断思路、造成时间上和心理上的紧急,而且往往无济于事；在填每个空格时, 留意分析选项所在的上下文,弄清上下文间的规律关系, 注意空格前后的词, 看是否能与某一选项构成固定搭配；从各个角度考虑, 初步做出每个小题的答案；3、再次查读

4、,攻克难关名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 初选过后,可能仍会留下一些空档,此时,再重读文章,从语义和规律的角度 注视全文,看其是否通顺流畅、条理清楚、符合规律；与此同时,将未填的空档 全部补齐； 由于选答案时讲求一气呵成, 初选过后仍应依据上下文对有疑问或把 握不准的答案进行推敲；在详细的操作中应留意以下的问题：1看清上下文,找准定位词充分利用文章的上下文和前后句,找到对挑选有提示作用的词或句；这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词；例如：1. Some parts of the water are very shallo

5、w. But in some places it is very _ A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous 【解析】依据转折连词 but 的提示,所填入的词应与 shallow 相反,因此答案 为 A；2. Mrs. ONeill asked_ questions and she didnt scold us either.A. no B. certain C. many D. more 【解析】 and 是一个并列连词； either 为副词,用在否认句或否认词后加强语 势,由此可以确定所填的词也应是一个否认意义的词,因此答案是 A；2通顺规律,寻求搭配

6、留意固定的搭配, 包括动词与介词的搭配、 动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与 名词的搭配等,同时要依据内容挑选正确的短语；例如：Heres a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himself_ so much money. A. for B. by C. to D. of 【解析】表示 “自取,任凭拿 ”这个意义的短语是 help oneself to故答案为 C；3扎实基础,搞清辨异 在此类试题的命制上,往往是以同类的词为主,我们不需要去进行详细的辨 析,但是我们也要依据文章的意思来进行推断；如：Soon I heard a_ like

7、that of a door burst in and then a climb of feet. A. sound B. cry C. voice D. shout 【解析】选项中的四个词都表示不同的声音,但B,C,D 项的三个词都是指从嗓子里发出的声音,而sound 就表示各种各样的声音；因此答案是A；When the papers were _ she discovered that twelve boys had made 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - exactly A. examined B. com

8、pleted C. marked D. answered 【解析】依据文章的意思,应当是在试卷上交后,老师在阅卷的时候,发觉的问题,所以可较简单排除B 和 D 选项；而 examined和 marked 两个词词义特别接近； examine意为 “检查,查看 ”,mark 是“批分数,评成果 ”,因此,应选 C；4看清执行者,确定所选词And video cameras can be used to people s actions at home.A. keep B. make C. record D. watch 【解析】句中动作的发出者是video cameras 因此答案是 C,意思是

9、 “记录 ”；5寻求上下规律,淡定确定关系 It has been many years since I was last in London_ still remember something that happened during that visit. A. and B. for C. but D. as 【解析】依据句前的 连词 but. many years和句后的 still remember 答案应选表示转折的6明白生活常识,确定相关学问 Immediately the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to thehospi

10、tal. A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest 【解析】在这样的紧急情形下,人们的第一个反应是到最近的医院就医,因此 答案为 D；二、 2022 年试题猜测：通过对历届高考试题的分析, 我们对 2022 年高考完型填空试题做一个大致的 猜测,期望也对同学们有所帮忙；1、文章趋向长,词数250 左右,多为夹叙夹议文章；而且文章富有时代的气息,具有训练意义；2、短文内容规律性强,结构严谨,层次分明；文章多数是以一篇故事或说明,告知我们一个道理；3、文章语言符合高考同学的实际水平,一般采纳故事体,尽量防止选用专业性太强的文章或论说文体；4、意义挑选填空为主

11、,语法挑选填空为辅；5、逐步过渡到选最正确答案；以单词填空名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 为主,词组和短语填空为辅；完形填空题要想取得高分, 必需经过大量的练习, 在实战中运用解题思路和方法,加强阅读,培育语感,积存词汇,打下扎实的基本功,到高考做完形填空题时就肯定能得心应手,游刃有余,取得抱负的成果；特别解题思路：解题思路四：借助语法学问, 挑选正确的答案；例 1：When Ed first phoned and _ we play, I laughed quietly A. declared B. mentio

12、ned C. persuaded D. suggested 解析： D； 依据学过的语法学问 ,我们知道主句的谓语动词表示建议的意思时, 宾语从句的谓语要用虚拟语气,即用 “ should + 动词原形 ”；题干句中 “ play ”的形式是关键信息；例 2：Moreover, inaccurate or indefinite words may make _ difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him. A. that B. it C. so D. this 解析

13、： B；例 3：Finally Peter decided to go to the USA and,as his father had told him,_ to be a doctor. B. studying C. study D. studied A. studies 解析： C；分析句子结构可知,空白处与前面的动词go 为并列动词不定式,均作谓语 decided的宾语, 应选 C；此题假设忽视分析句子结构,很简单误选 D；此题的难点在于句中有一个插入性质的as引导的从句, 将两个不定式分隔开了；从而造成识别其次个动词不定式的困难；解题思路五：利用生活常识,文化背景；例 1：One d

14、ay, the girl _1_ into the plane, started it and soon left the _2_. B. looked C. reached D. fell D. ground 1. A. climbed 2. A. house B. floor C. water 解析：1. A；2. D；依据生活常识,这女孩应是先爬进机舱,才能起动飞机,最终使飞机飞离地面；例 2：Immediately the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the _ hospital. B. biggestC. plant D

15、. nearest A. animal 解析： D；在这样的紧急情形下,人们的第一个反应是到最近的医院就医,因此答案为 D；例 3：Every morning she would give him breakfast in bed and bring him the paper to _. B. read C. keep D. sign A. check 解析：B；外国人早上有读报的习惯 , 其中 paper即为报纸,这是懂得本文细名师归纳总结 节的关键 , 有了这些文化背景学问 , 可快速推断出正确答案为B；第 4 页,共 8 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - -

16、 - - - 解题思路六：实行排除法；解答完形填空题的过程中, 有时我们会遇到这样的情形： 对某一题的正确选项的含义、 用法不甚明白, 但发觉其他选项有显而易见的谬误；这时我们可以尝试排除法 , 剔除错误的选项；随着挑选范畴的缩小 大；, 选中正确选项的时机就会增例 1：Finally I was _ by his lively sense of humor. D. defeated A. disturbed B. moved C. attracted 解析： C；第一依据句子及选项的意义, 可立刻排除选项 A 和 D；再依据句子的意思判定 , “我被他的幽默感吸引 ” , 而不是 “被感动

17、”；例 2：However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be _1_ to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, _2_, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, _3_ student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs.

18、3. A. displaying B. describing C. creating D. exchanging 解析： A；第 3 题的解题步骤为：第一从动宾搭配上看,C 选项制造同学艺术品可以排除,再从该句的上文看；上文说应当设计竞争性小的活动,所以答案应当是 “展现同学艺术作品 ”；解题思路七 : 找寻固定词组、常用句型或习惯用法；例 1：A waiter appeared. He paused for just a second , walked into the water to _ the table and 这是一种固定说A. set B. wash C. remove D. c

19、heck 法；解析：A；set the table 在饭桌上摆好刀叉等餐具预备开饭；例 2：I started surfing about five years ago and _ in love with the sport on the very first day. A. stayed B. came C. dropped D. fell 解析： D；由于 fall in love with 是习惯搭配,意为 “爱上”、“喜爱上 ”；例 3. With it, astronauts will acquire a workhouse vehicle _ of flying into spa

20、ce and returning many times. A. capable B. suitable C. efficient D. fit 解析： A；be capable of是习惯搭配,意为 “能够 ”；例 4. During the summer holidays,they usually _ much time playing football on the play ground. D. spend A. use B. need C. take 解析：D；四个选项从语法角度看好像都正确；但从习惯搭配来看, spend in doing sth.表示“花时间做某事 ”,使固定句式,

21、正确答案为 D；建议：1留意词语的搭配：动词的搭配do 和 make 的搭配才能较强,要记牢、记熟；doa job, work, shopping, cooking, reading, typing, sewing, good, wrong, damage, harm, a favor, an injury, etc. makea study, an appointment, arrangements, a breakthrough, a call, a comparison, 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - co

22、ntribution, a deal, a decision, a discovery, distinction, a guess, preparations, a start, s wa start, a survey, an attempt, an error, a profit, a fortune, a living, onepoint, peace, bed, coffee, a fuss, etc. 2形容词与名词的搭配有的具有肯定的文化背景,同学要留意“貌合神离 ”的词语；如：lucky dog 幸运儿、right hand 得力助手、narrow escape死里逃命、dark

23、 horse出人意料的获胜者3有些形容词可以加一个形容词修饰, 表示强调,使表达更加生动； 如：pitch dark乌黑的、brand new 崭新的、crystal clear水晶般的、wide open张得大大的、fast asleep睡得很熟的、wide awake完全醒着的、icy cold冰冷的 , etc. 4有些形容词可以和不同的介词搭配,同学应留意比较、归纳；如：sick for 渴望、tired from 因 而疲惫、 engaged in 忙于、 sick of 厌倦、 tired of 对 厌倦、engaged to 与某人订婚；解题思路八 : 利用原词复现或同现 , 挑

24、选最正确选项；1在完形填空中 , 某一词语通常重复显现 , 使得语篇中的句子相互连接和连贯 从而构成一个完整的意义整体；, 例 1：When the waiter brought my _ , the man was clearly puzzled by the A. menu B. bill C. paper D. food 解析： D；上文中有 服务员为我端来食物；waiting for the food I had ordered to arrive , 所以应为：例 2: First of all he was a window-cleaner and in his first wee

25、k he managed to _ six windows. A. rub B. drop C. break D. clean 解析： D；同源词复现,由window-cleaner 可知为 clean the window；2同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时显现在同一语篇中；要求有与之相连的词汇；一个语篇, 一个话题,1名词同现：与一个话题或一个名词显现在同一个语境的另一个名词；如：school-primary schoolmiddle schoolcollegeuniversity studentspupilsgraduatespostgraduates 2动词同现：与一个话题或一个名词显现

26、在同一个语境的另一个动词；如：schoolteachlearnattendfounddrop outgraduatebe dismissed 3形容词同现 ; 就某一语境而言所能显现的形容词也是有规律的；如：在学校这个语境中：keyschooloptionalcoursecompulsorycourse 4 结构同现 : 结构同现批搭配之类的句型和成对显现的短语；如：some ,others; on one hand only but also; hardly/scarcely ,on the other hand; former ,latter; so that; not when ; no

27、 sooner than ; be about to do /be doing /had done /be on the point of doing/be to do/be ready to do/be on the way when ; t 例 3: I put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my surprise, the room wasnempty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well

28、-made bed sat Amy, my new _, dressed neatly. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbor D. companion 解析： A；名词同现,从room, furniture,等同现信息可知；例: We were _ to go back for class again when the headmaster called us together and said, A. about B. able C. sorr

29、y D. sure 解析： A；结构同现, be about to do when ；解题思路九：顺应文意 , 定位选词；做题时 , 要充分利用上下文 , 找到有提示作用的词；这些词可以是同义词、近义词或反义词 , 也可以是并列连词或转折连词等等；例： At the table next to mine sat an attractive _couple, waiting for .A. lonely B. curious C. well - dressed D. bad - tempered 解析 : C；依据上文的 attractive 吸引人的 和下文的表达 , 只能挑选 well -

30、dressed “穿着美丽的 ” , 这样才能是一对浪漫夫妻；例 2：Geese are known to take the first living thing they see as their mother. _, to these young geese, the girl was their mother. A. But B. Also C. Thus D. Still 解析： C； A. But “但是 ” B. Also 也” C. Thus “因而 ” DStill 仍旧 ”；例 3: After you have learned to think of several wor

31、ds in English,then move on to the next stepthinking in _. A. sentences B. passages C.1essons D. classes 解析： A；需留意上下文规律推理以及名词的含义；第一步是考虑单词,接下来应当是考虑句子；应选 A；例 4: Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very _. A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous 解析：A；依据转折连词 but 的提示,所填入的词应与 案为

32、 A；shallow 相反,因此答例 5: Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened _1_. As was discussed before, it was not _2_ the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electron

33、ic _3_. 1. A. between B. before C. since D. later 2. A. after B. by C. during D. until 3. A. means B. method C. medium D. measure 解析： 1. A. 2. D. 3. C；我们留意到文章讲了两个时间：20 世纪和 15、16 世纪,而 19 世纪明显是处在两者之间, 故第 1 题填 between；第 2 题是一语法结构 题,固定结构： It was not until-that-；第 3 题属于前面介绍的 信息词 题；上 文中显现的： television, pr

34、inting, newspaper均说明该题应填 medium；解题思路十：认真推敲 , 留意规律；名师归纳总结 做完完形填空题后 ,要依据所选答案快速地把文章完整地读一遍, 看语法、惯第 7 页,共 8 页用法对不对 ;看是否符合上下文的规律; 看是否符合故事情节的进展,以便更正可- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 能的错误挑选；一个完整的语篇应当是符合规律的,文章规律关系的取得主要靠过渡词的使用；作者利用转承语保证文章的规律, 同学在做完形填空时应通过自己对上下文的理解,找到适当的规律关系,然后挑选正确的过渡词；同学必把握常见的过渡词：1. 递进in

35、 addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, whats more, whats worse, to make matters worse , to make things worse , worse still 2.比较 in the same way, as with, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as 3.对比 in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, on the co

36、ntrary, while 4.因果 because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result of, so, thus 5.强调 certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, especially in particular, absolutely, 6.让步 although, though, after all, in spite of 7.举例 for example, for ins

37、tance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration. 8. 时间和空间 afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, finally, at last outside, near, beyond, above, below, on the rightleft, in the middle, opposite, in front of 9. 总结 to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short,

38、in brief, all in all, in all, in summary 例 1: It has been many years since I was last in London _ I still remember something that happened during that visit. D. as A. and B. for C. but 解析：C；依据句前的 many years和句后的 still remember,答案应选表示转 折的连词 but；例 2: Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for excess vitamins. Many people _ believe in being on the safe side and thus take extra vitamins. A. nevertheless B. therefore C. moreover D. meanwhile 解析： A；从句意可知,尽管服用额外的维生素是没用的,但许多人仍是会 服用； Nevertheless的意思是 “尽管如此,然而 ”,符合句意；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 8 页