2022年高中英语选修课文.docx

《2022年高中英语选修课文.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年高中英语选修课文.docx（14页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 教考资源网 助您教考无忧高中英语选修 6 Unit 1 A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such

2、 a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones. Starting from the sixth century AD. The Middle Ages5 th to the 15 th century AD During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artistof this period was not intereste

3、d in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13 th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes

4、 in a more realistic way. The Renaissance15 th to 16 th century During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages. People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.At the same time painters returned to class

5、ical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they coule decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as

6、well as their activities and achievements. One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a

7、real scene. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new 版权全部 中国训练考试资源网名师归纳总结 - - - - -

8、- -第 1 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 教考资源网助您教考无忧 timpaints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. Impressionismlate 19h to early 20 th century In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal, from a mostly agricultural

9、society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worke in Pa

10、ris. The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day. However, because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly. Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earli

11、er painters. At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angry about it. They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous. Modern Art29 th century to today At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today

12、they are accepeted as the beginning of what we call “ modern art ” . This is because the Impressi onists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways. There are scores of modern art styles,but without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exsist. On the one hand,

13、 some modern art is abstract; that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates n certain qualities of the object, using colour, line and shape to represent them. On the other hand , some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they l

14、ook like photographs. These styles are so different. Who can predict future. what painting styles there will be in the Unit 3 It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden. I have just returned from a long bike ride to an old castle. It seems amazing that at

15、 my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.Its my birthday in two weeksll be82years old. I think my long and active life must be due to the 版权全部 中国训练考试资源网名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 教考资源网 助您教考无忧healthy life I live. This brings me to the real reas

16、on for my letter, my dear grandson. Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and how you are finding it difficult to give it up. Believe me, I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to stop. You see, during adolescence I also smoked and became addicted to cigaret

17、tes. By the way, did you know that this is because you become addicated in three different ways. First, you can become physically addicated to nicotine, which is one of the hundreds of chemicals in cigarettes. This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it. So wh

18、en the drug leaves our body, you get withdrawal symptoms. I remember feeling bad-tempered and sometimes even in pain. Secondly, you become addicted through habit. As you know, if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically. Lastly, you can become mentally addicted. I

19、believed I was happier and more relaxed after having a cigarette, so I began to that I could only feel good when I smoked. I was addicted in all three ways, so it was very difficult to quit. But I did finally manage. When I was young, I didnt know much about the harmful effectsof smoking. I didn t k

20、now, for example, that it could do terrible damage to your heart and lungs or that it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant. I certainly didn know their babies may have a smaller birth weight or even be abnormal in some way. Neither did I know that my cigarette smoke could affect

21、 the health of non-smokers. However, what I did know was that my girlfriend thought I smelt terrible. She said my breath and clothes smelt, and that the ends of my fingers were turning yellow. She told me that she wouldnt go out with me again unless I stopped. I also noticed that I became breathless

22、 quickly, and that I wasnt enjoying sport as much. When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it was time t quit smoking. I am sending you some advice I found on the Internet It might help you to stop and strengthen your resolve. I do hope so because I want you to live

23、 as long and healthy a life as I have. 版权全部 中国训练考试资源网名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 教考资源网 助您教考无忧Love from Grandad Unit 4 THE EARTH IS BECOMIG WARMER-BUT DOES IT MATTER. During the 20th century the temperature of the earth ros e about one degree Fahrenheit. That probably does

24、 not seem much to you or me, but it is a rapid increase when compared to other natural changes. So how has this come about and does it matter. Earth cares Sophie Armstrong explores these questions.There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmersee Graph 1 and that it is human activity that has c

25、aused this global warmig rather than a random but natural phenomenon. the view that the increase in the earthAll scientists subscribe to temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to produce energy. Some byproducts of this process are called “ greenhouse ” gases

26、, the most important one of which is carbon dioxide. Dr Janice Foster explains: “ There is a natural phenomenon that scientists call the “ greenhouse effect” .This is w small amounts of gases in the atmosphere, like carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour, trap heat from the sun and therefore warm

27、the earth. Without thegreenhouse effect the earth would be about thirty-three degrees Celsciu cooler than it is. So, we need those gases. The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere c

28、ausing the global temperature to go up. We know that the levels of carbon dioxide have increased greatly over the last 100 to 150 years. It was a scientist called Charles Keeling, who made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997. He found that betwee

29、n these years the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere went up from around 315 parts to around 370 parts per millionsee Graph 2 版权全部 中国训练考试资源网名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 教考资源网 助您教考无忧All scientists accept this data. They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossi

30、l fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide. So how high will the temperature increase go. Dr Janice Foster says that over the next 100 years the amount of warming could be as low as 1 to 1.5 degrees Celsius, but it could be as high as 5 degrees. However, the attitude of scientists

31、towards this rise in completely different. On the one hand, Dr Foster thinks that the trend which increases the temperature by 5 degrees would be a catastrophe. She says, “ We can t predict the climate well enough to know what to expect, but it could be very serious.” Others who agree with her think

32、 there may be a rise of several metres in the sea level, or predict severe storms, floods, droughts, famines, the spread of diseases and the disappearance of species. On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view, believe that we should not worry about high le

33、vels of carbon dioxide in the air. They predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences. In fact, Hambley states, “ More carbon dioxide is actually a positive thing. It will make plants grow quicker; crops will produce more; it will encourage a greater range of animals-

34、 all of which will make life for human beings better.”Greenhouse gases continue to build up in the atmosphere. Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries. No one knows the effects of global warmi

35、ng. Does that mean we should do nothing. Or, are the risks too great. Unit 5 AN EXCITING JOB I have the greatest job in the world. I travel to unusual places and work alongside people from all over the world. Sometimes working outdoors, sometimes in an office, sometimes using scientific equipment an

36、d sometimes meeting local people and tourists, I am never bored. Although my job is occasionally dangerous, I dont because danger excites me and makes me feel alive. However, the most important thing about my job is that I help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful forces n earth-the

37、 volcano. 版权全部 中国训练考试资源网名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 教考资源网 助您教考无忧I was appointed as volcanologist information for a database about Mount Kilauea, which is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii. Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to

38、 predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. Our work has saved man lives because people in the path of the lava can be warned to leave their houses. Unfortunately, we cannot move their homes out of the way, and many houses have been covered with lava or burned to the ground. Wh

39、en boiling rock erupts from a volcano and crashes back to earth, it causes less damage than you might imagine. This is because no one lives near the top of Mount Kilauea, where the rocks fall. The lava that flows slowly like a wave down the mountain causes far more damage because it buries everythin

40、g in its path under the molten rock. However, the eruption itself is really exciting to watch and I shall never forget my first sight of one. It was in the second week after I arrived in Hawaii. Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early. I was fast asleep when suddenly my bed began shaking and

41、 I heard a strange sound, like a railway train passing my window. Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn t take much notice. I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day. I ran out of the house into the back garden where I could see M

42、ount Kilauea in the distance. There had been an eruption from the side of the mountain fountaining hundreds of metres into the air. It and red hot lava was was an absolutely fantastic sight. The day after this eruption I was lucky enough to have a much closer look at it. Two other scientists and I w

43、ere driven up the mountain and dropped as close as possible to the crater that had been formed duing the eruption. Having earlier collected special clothes from the observatory, we put them on before we went any closer. All three of us looked like spacemen. We had white protective suits that covered

44、 our whole body, helmets ,big boots and special gloves. It was not easy to walk in these suits, but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling centre. The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first

45、experience, I stayed at the top and watched them. 版权全部 中国训练考试资源网名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 教考资源网 助您教考无忧Today, I am just as enthusiastic about my job as the day I first started. Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage. 版权全部 中国训练考试资源网名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 7 页