2022年高考语法复习之非谓语动词做状语及与状语从句的相互转化与语法填空的应用.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 欢迎下载非谓语动词作状语 高考对非谓语动词作状语的考查多与对动词其他形式的考查同时进行主要包括以下几个方面的内容：1不定式作状语；2 -ing 分词作状语；3-ed 分词作状语；一、不定式结构作状语不定式结构作状语通常有以下几种情形：1、目的状语（分词一般不能作目的状语） He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly . To catch the train ,she hurried through her work 注：表目的的不定式仍常与so as 或 in order 连用,构成s

2、o as not to do 和 in order not to do 结构,其中 so as not to do 不能用于句首；To get there in time, we got up very early. = In order to get there in time, we got up very early. = We got up very early in order/so as to get there in time. 2、缘由状语不定式结构作缘由状语常用在作表语用的形容词后；I m sorry to hear that .Were proud to be young

3、people of China . We are glad to hear the news 3、结果状语不定式结构作结果状语,有时表示未曾预料到的、或令人不快的结果；He ran all the way to the station ,only to find the train had left . （常和 only 连用）；而现在分词作结果状语经常是可以预料的结果,是相伴谓语动词而产生的自然结果The police opened fire ,killing the robber . He died ,leaving his wife with five children . 4. 有时,

4、不定式仍可修饰一个句子,说明说话人的态度；to tell you the truth, to be honest, to be frank, to be fair, to make things/matters worse 等；To tell you the truth, I dont like the film. 高考真题检测：1、_ late in the after noon ,Bob turned off the alarm . A .To sleep B .sleeping C .sleep D .Having slept 2、You were silly not _your car

5、 . A .to lock B .to have locked C .locking D .having locked 3、The news reporters hurried to the airport ,only _ the film stars had left . A .to tell B .to be told C .telling D .told D. to have met you 4. Good-bye, Mr Jones. I m pleased _.A. for meeting you B. to meet you C. to have been meeting you

6、5 Tom is waiting _ the doctor. A. to see B. for to see C. for seeing D. for see 6. I went to see him _ him out. 名师归纳总结 A. finding B. find C. only to find D. only found 第 1 页,共 5 页7. _, I dont like her sister.C. To tell the truth D. To tell the true A. Telling the truth B. Been told the truth - - - -

7、 - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 欢迎下载二、分词结构作状语形式意义或基doing 与句中主语构成规律上的主谓关系,与句中谓语动词同时发生,本上同时发生；having done 与句中主语构成规律上的主谓关系,先于谓语动词发生；一般作done 与句中主语构成规律上的动宾关系,时间不确定与句中主语构成规律上的动宾关系,且与谓语动词同时发生,being done 缘由状语置于句首；having been done 与句中主语构成规律上的动宾关系,且先于谓语动词发生；判定步骤 A：第一看主语,确定该动词与主语之间是主动关系仍是被动关系；B：然后看谓语动词,确定该

8、动词与谓语动词之间动作发生的先后关系；Hearing the bad news, she burst into tears. （主动 / 同时进行） Not having received an answer ,he decided to write another letter . 主动 / 完成 Having found a seat, she left her books on it. 主动 /完成 Having been beaten by a snake, she was frightented at it. （被动、完成）Having been told many times, h

9、e still repeated the same mistakes. （被动、完成）Seen from the hill ,the city looks beautiful. 被动 Given more time, we could have done it much better. 被动 （一）分词作状语,主句部分；一般表示时间, 条件, 让步, 缘由, 其形式 doing ,done ,having done,having been done ,being done 1）时间状语 1.Hearing the news,they got excited. When they heard t

10、he news, they got excited. 2.Having finished my homework, I returned home. 3.Seen from the hill, the park looks more beautiful. beautiful.2）缘由状语After I finished my homework, I returned home. When it is seen from the hill, the park looks more 1.Having been beaten by a snake, she was frightented at it

11、. Because she had been beaten by a snake, she was frightented at it 2.Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again. 3.Reading attentively , he forgot the time for lunch Because he was reading attentively ,he forgot the time fo

12、r lunch t write to him 4.Not knowing his address, I canBecause he doesn t know his address, I cant write to him 5.Being so poor in those days, they couldnt send the boy to school. Because they were so poor in those days, they couldnt send the boy to school. 6.Being League members, we are ready to he

13、lp others. As we are League members, we are ready to help others. 7.Born in a poor family, the boy could not go to school. As he was born in a poor family, the boy could not go to school. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 欢迎下载3）条件状语 1.Given a chance, I can surprise the wor

14、ld. If I am given a chance, I can surprise the world. 2.Working hard, you will surely succeed. If you work hard, you will surely succeed. 3.Reading carefully ,youll learn something new As long as you read carefully ,youll learn something new 4）让步状语 1.Having been told many times, he still repeated th

15、e same mistakes. Though he had been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes. 2.Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasnt tried her best. Although I admit what she has said, I still think that she hasnt tried her best. 3.Admitted into the university , he was still upset.

16、Although he was Admitted into the university , he was still upset.二、主句部分,分词作状语；在这一句型中,分词作状语可表示结果,方式,相伴,可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分；这一句型的分词作状语通常有两种种形式：doing, done 1）结果状语 1.It rained heavily, thus causing severe flooding in that country. It rained heavily, and thus caused severe flooding in that country. 2.He fire

17、d, killing one of the passers-by. He fired, and killed one of the passers-by. 3.He died, leaving his wife with five children. He died, and left his wife with five children. 2）相伴状语 1.The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. The teacher came into the lab, and was followed by some stud

18、ents. 2.I stood there, listening to the broadcast. I stood there and listened to the broadcast. 3）方式状语 1.Traveling by jeep, we visited a number of cities. I travelled by jeep, and visited a number of cities. 2.He earns a living driving a truck. He earns a living by driving a truck. 高考实例1. Dont sit t

19、here _ nothing. Come and help me with this table. A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing 2. My cousin came to see me from the country, _ me a full basket of fresh fruits. A. brought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought 3.We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs,_ that all ch

20、ildren like these things. A. thinking B. think C. to think D. Thought 4.Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching 5. _ for several weeks, the city was short of food and clothing

21、. A. As having flooded B. As flooding C. Having been flooded D. to flood 6. _ from the tallest building, the whole city looks very beautiful. A. See B. Saw C. Seeing D. Seen 7. We walked as fast as we could, _ to catch the 9:30 train. 名师归纳总结 A. hoping B. to hope C. we hoped D. being hoped 第 3 页,共 5

22、页8. _ the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it.（Steal）9. _ the front door painted, he had to enter the room through the back door.（ See）- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 欢迎下载10. The sun was shining brightly, _ everything there _ more beautiful.（make; look ） _surpriseat the way the

23、 question was put forward,the students didn t know the answer to it. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. lose _ in white, she looks more beautiful. dress _ of the boring speech,the old man started to read a novel.tire A:此类形容词有 excited / exciting ；surprised /surprising; amazed /

24、 amazing embarrassed /embarrassing encouraged / encouraging ; frustrated / frustrating ; interested / interesting; thrilled / thrilling terrified / terrifying; pleased / pleasing, = pleasant; satisfied/ satisfying; frightened / frightening tired / tiring; bored / boring ; relaxed / relaxing; fascina

25、ted / fascinating; annoyed / annoying moved / moving; worried / worrying; confused / confusing ; inspired / inspiring B：形容词短语 be lost in； be dressed in； be interested in ；be devoted to ； be caught in , be seated in；be prepared for ；be determined to , be faced with ,be based on,be tired of,be located

26、 in , 1.她坐在窗边,陷入了深思；2.由于对医学特别感爱好,他想成为一名医生；3.广州在中国的南方,总面积 7000 多平方公里；4.面对困难他从未舍弃过； 有一些分词或分词短语可用来表示说话人的态度或看问题的角度,这些分词或短语已转变为独立成份 judging from /by 依据 -来判定, frankly speaking 老实地说,坦率地说generally speaking 一般地说strictly speaking 严格地说properly speaking 准确地说来taking- into consideration 考虑到Supposing 假如, taken as

27、a whole 总地来说, given 考虑到, compared with 与-相比Judging from his appearance ,he looks like an old doctor Strictly speaking,her pronunciation is not quite goodTaken as a whole, there is nothing wrong with the articleSupposing she doesnt come, what shall we do. ve done a good job. Given their inexperience,

28、 they Considering the distance, he arrived very quickly. Taking everything into consideration, you should leave. 1. _ hes only been learning English for a year, he speaks it very well. Consider 2. _ the past, our life is much better. A. Comparing with B. Be compared with C. To compare with D. Compar

29、ed with 综合练习1._and out of breath, we reached the top of the mountain and stopped to admire the beautiful scenery.tire 2.Each of them got up early _ to catch the early bus.hope 3.How pleased the Emperor was _ what the cheats said.hear 4.They arrived at their university very late, _ the gate closely s

30、hut.find 5.After _ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.interview 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 欢迎下载6.Peter received a letter just now _say his grandma would come to see him soon. 7. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _ move, and

31、asked myself what I was going to do. 8. _walk in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. 9. _ wait in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. 10. _ blame for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in l

32、ow spirits. 11. He hurried to the booking office only _ tell that all the tickets had been sold out. 12. European football is played in 80 countries, _ make it the most popular sport in the world. 13. You were silly not _lock your car. 14. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is s

33、o good _breathe. 15. _ complete the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. 16._ search the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting. 17._ give the general state of health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. 18._ the corners of the handkerchief to the points of the cross, and you will have a nice strong kite.tie）19._ the problem with me and I ll see what I can do with it. （leave 20.He finished his work, and went home _ the book on the desk.leave 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页