2022年高考英语一轮复习专题三《非谓语动词》语法知识点精讲.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载专题三 非谓语动词 非谓语动词的考查要点1动词不定式复习中应留意的几个问题 1不定式作表语与“beto do sth. ” 的异同；不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质；My job is to teach English. 说明内容 beto do sth.表示按方案要做的事 He is to go abroad. 2后接不定式作宾语的词语；以下词语常接不定式作宾语：afford ,promise,refuse,expect,hope,learn,offer,wish,want,fail ,plan, agree,forget,

2、 like ,prefer,decide,manage,try,arrange,determine,desire 等；以下词语后可接“ 疑问词不定式” ：ask,find out ,advise,discuss等；3如何懂得和使用不定式作宾补；teach,decide,wonder ,show,learn,forget,动词 短语 see,watch, notice, hear,listen to ,observe,feel,taste,smell,make,let, have 等的宾补用动词原形,变被动时要加 常用不定式作宾补的几种情形：to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语；主语 ask/req

3、uire/tell/order/force/get/want/likesb.to do sth. 主语 think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imagine/feel sb.to be/to have done 主语 call on/upon/depend on/wait for/ask for sb.to do sth. 4不定式作定语的特别用法；以下词语后常接不定式作定语：chance,wish,right,courage,need,promise,time,opportunity ,way,the first, the second, the last

4、,the only 等；不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在规律上有主谓关系；There is no one to look after her. 不定式与被修饰的名词在规律上有动宾关系；She is now looking for a room to live in. 5不定式作状语的用法；不定式作状语,在句中主要表示目的、结果、缘由等；We hurried to the classroom only to find none there. in order not to ,so as not to 用来引导目的状语；词 .as to do 作结果状语；only to do 表示出人意料的结果；en

5、ough.to,so.as to do ,such名The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - I学习必备欢迎下载m not such a fool as to believe that. 6不定式的完成时的特别用法；表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发生的动作；The novel was said to have been published. I regret to have been with

6、you for so many years. seem,appear,be said,be supposed,be believed,be thought, be known ,be reported等动词常用于上面句型；此外, glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、 surprised、disappointed 后也接完成时,但要留意与一般时的区分；Im sorry to keep you waiting for a minute. 对不起,请稍等；说话时仍未等 Im sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起,让你久等了；说话时已等了很久 不定式

7、的完成时仍可表示“ 过去本想做某事但未做” 的虚拟语气；Ashould like to/would like to/would love to完成时； Bwas/were to 不定式的完成时,表示该做某事或想做但未实现；Cexpect/hope/mean/promise/suppose/think/want/wish 不定式的完成时,表示过去未曾实现的愿望；7不定式的省略；同一结构并列由 and 或 or 连接；I want to finish my homework and go home. Im really puzzled what to think or say. 特例： To be

8、 or not to be,this is a question. It is better to laugh than to cry. 表示对比 不定式作表语,其前面的主语从句中含有do 时,后面的to 省略；What he did was lose the game. 句中含有动词 do 时,but,except,besides,such as 等后面的 to 可省略； 即“ 前有 do,后省 to” ；Dont do anything silly ,such as marry him. 主句含有不定式,后面有rather than,rather than 后省 to；Why not ,h

9、ad better, would rather , cant but 等词后省 to；Youd better take it seriously. 多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中,为了防止重复, 作宾语、 主补或宾补的不定式再次显现时, to 后的内容常承前省略 只保留 to 即可 ；但假如承前省略的不定式有助动词 have或 be 的任何形式,后应当保留原形 have 或 be；Susan is not what she used to be. You came late last night. You ought to have finished your homework. 名师归纳总结

10、 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载I know I ought to have. 常见的有： Id like/love/be happy to ；题组训练 1用所给动词的适当形式填空1It s important for the figures to be updatedupdate regularly. 2Today we have chat rooms,text messaging,emailing.but we seem to be losinglose the art of communicating

11、face- to-face. 3If they win the final tonight,the team are going to tour around the city to be cheeredcheer by their enthusiastic supporters. 4The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable to holdhold 5Simon made a big bamboo box to keepkeep the li

12、ttle sick bird till it could fly. 6Passengers are permitted to carrycarry only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. 7More TV programs,according to government officials ,will be produced to raiseraise peoples concern over food safety. 8The ability to expressexpress an idea is as important as the

13、 idea itself. 2动名词复习中应留意的几个问题1以下动词后只能接动名词：suggest,finish ,avoid,cant help,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,pardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,permit ；2以下动词短语后接动名词：leave off ,put off ,give up,look forward to ,feel like ,have trouble/difficulty in,devote to, be/get used to,pay atten

14、tion to,be fond of ,be worth；3介词后要接动名词；what about ,how about , be fond of , be good at 等的介词后接动名词；留意on/upon doing sth. as soon as 引导的从句,作此意讲时on/upon 后也可以接名词；On his arrival at the station ,he found the train had just started. 4动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区分：名师归纳总结 begin,start,continue ,like, love, dislike ,hate,p

15、refer,cant stand 后面第 3 页,共 6 页例句解析1.It began to rain./It began raining. t 1.意思无差别, 但谓语动词用进行时时,2It was beginning to snow. 只跟不定式；3I love lying to lieon my back. 2表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语,假如表4I like listening to music ,but today I don 示某一特定的或详细的行动,多接不定like to. t prefer to swim in the river now. 式；5I don- - - - -

16、 - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载remember, forget,regret,try 例句 解析1.I remember to meet her at the station. I remember seeing her once somewhere. 2I forgot giving it to you yesterday. I forgot to tell you about it.Now here it is. 3I regret not having worked hard. 1.remember to do sth.记住要做的事 reme

17、mber doing sth.回忆过去发生的事 2forget to do sth. 遗忘要做的事 forget doing sth. 遗忘做过的事 3regret to do sth.对将要做的事愧疚I regret to hear of your sister s death. regret doing sth.对发生过的事懊悔4Try knocking at the back door. We must try to get everything ready. 5That will mean flooding some land. 4try to do sth. 设法,试图做某事 try

18、 doing sth. 试试看,试一试 5mean to do sth.准备做 ,想要做 I had meant to go on Monday. mean doing sth.意味着want,require, need 例句 解析1.These desks need repairing. These desks need to be repaired. 表达意思一样,但用不定式时要用被动形式,2The patient required examining. 用动名词时用主动形式表被动意义 ；The patient required to be examined. 题组训练 2 用所给动词的适

19、当形式填空1It s no use complainingcomplain without taking action. 2Lydia doesnt feel like studyingstudy abroad. Her parents are old. 3Being exposedexpose to the sun will do harm to your skin. 4She is afraid of being takentake to the public. 5Mary s comingcome late made her mother angry. 3现在分词复习中应留意的几个问题

20、1现在分词在句中作时间、缘由、相伴、条件、结果等状语；时间状语 分词前面可加 when, while 等 Hearing the good news,he jumped with great joy. 缘由状语Not having finished her work in time,the boss fired her. Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note. 相伴状语名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载The girls cam

21、e in ,following their parents. 结果状语The poor old man died ,leaving nothing to his children. 留意 ：现在分词作状语的几个特性：时间性；与谓语动词同时发生,用一般式,如发生在谓语动作之前时就用完成式 having done；语态性；与句子主语之间的关系,是主谓关系或动宾关系；遵循的规章“ 主动进行,被动完成” ；人称一样性；分词的规律主语就是句子的主语；2现在分词作表语；主语 bev.-ed 表示被动,主语是人；主语4过去分词复习中应留意的几个问题bev.-ing 表示主动,主语是物；过去分词作状语,可转换

22、为相应的状语从句或并列分句,用来说明缘由、时间、条件、相伴等；1作缘由状语Tired by the trip ,he soon fell asleep. Because he was tired by the trip, he soon fell asleep. Lost in thought ,he almost ran into a car. As he was lost in thought ,he almost ran into a car. 2作时间状语Seen from the hill ,the city looks like a garden. When the city is

23、 seen from the hill ,it looks like a garden. 3作条件状语Given more time , I would have worked out the problem. If I have been given more time ,I would have worked out the problem. 4作相伴状语The teacher came in,followed by some students. The teacher came in and he was followed by some students. 分词短语作状语时,通常与主句

24、中的主语在规律上一样,但有时它也可以有自己独立的规律上的主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构；Her grandfather being ill ,she had to stay at home looking after him. 题组训练 3用所给动词的适当形式填空1The island,joinedjoin to the mainland by a bridge ,is easy to go to. 2Sit down ,Emma.You will only make yourself more tired,keepingkeep on your feet. 3The next thing h

25、e saw was smoke risingrise from behind the house. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载4Look over there theres a very long,winding path leadinglead up to the house. 5Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lostlose for words. 6Offeredoffer an important role in a n

26、ew movie,Andy has a chance to become famous. 7Gatheringgather around the fire ,the tourists danced with the local people. 8More highways have been built in China ,makingmake it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. 9The players selectedselect from the whole country are expected

27、 to bring us honor in this summer game. 10 Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues amusedamuse with her stories. 语法与写作依据提示翻译下面的句子1我希望收到你的来信；用动名词作宾语 2022 山东 写作 I am looking forward to hearing from you. 2如今违反交通规章和乱扔垃圾并不是不常见,它们对生命和环境造成了严峻的危害；用 动名词 breaking 作主语、现在分词 causing 作状语 2

28、022安徽 书面表达 These days,breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon life and the environment. 3不容怀疑,和社会上其他工作相比较,清洁工的工作更艰巨些；,causing serious harm to 用 compared with 作状语 2022广东 读写任务 There is no doubt that what a cleaner does is more harder compared with any other jobs in the society. 4又一次我们在同一地方进行爬山竞赛；用 climbing 作定语 2022 湖南 书面表达 Once again we had a climbing match at the same place. 5沐浴在阳光下,我们兴奋地跳起来欢呼着；用 bathed作状语 2022 江西 书面表达 Bathed in the sunshine,we jumped and cheered with joy. 语法填空名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 6 页