2022年高中英语语法——情态动词总结.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 情态动词总结 I 情态动词的特点：1. 本身有词义；2. 不能独立作谓语；2. 后接动词原形一起构成谓语；3. 不随人称和数的变化；II 情态动词各自的基本意义及用法：1. can 与 could 用法对比点can I couldn could1、表 “ 才能 ”Can you lift this heavy box.understand what he said at all.2、表 “ 许可 ”You can use a different material He said I could borrow his bike.instead.3

2、、“ 怀疑 ”4、can 与 be able to 区分No, no, it cant be true.We thought the story could not be true. What on earth can this mean.How could you be so careless.1.could 代替 can,表示语气更为动听；Eg. Could I use your bike. Yes, I can2.can 能够 =be able to仅表才能时 ,但 be able to 表示一番努力后,才能做得到,且有更多的时态；2.may 与 might 用法对比点maymight1

3、表 “ 询问 ”May I .=Can I .Might I .=Could I .但比用 may 更客气 2.表“ 答应 ”You may take the boy there.He told me he might come. might 与 told 相呼应 3表 “ 可能 ”She may nor like this place.I m afraid he might not like this play.“ 或许 ”确定： Yes, you may.注：1. May I .的答语；否定： No, you mustn t 不行（语气强硬）2. may 可表示期望或希望No, you m

4、ay not 或 No, you d better May you succeed .not.3. may might 用于目的状语从句；The emperor gave them some gold in order that they might begin their work at once.3. must 与 have to 用法对比点musthave to（主观看法）必需；没有过去式,1. 表“ 必需 ”可用于间接引语中；（客观需要）不得不,有多种时态；t go now.He told me I must do according to It s raining heavily,

5、we canwhat he said.2. 疑问句Must I . Yes, you must.（肯定）Do you have to go today.1名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Yes, we do.No, you neednt./ you dont have to. You don t have to worry about that.不必 4. need 与 dare 用法对比点 1.情态 v.+动词 原形 1）否定式 2）疑问式needdareHe dare not say so.He need n

6、ot needntgo.Dare she go out alone at night.-Need we do it again.How dare you say Im unfair.-No, you neednt do it again.If he dare do that, hell be punished.I dare say. 固定用法 2.实义 v. +to He needs to go.He dares to say.do 1）确定式 2）否定式 3）疑问式 3. did not need to do 表示过去 没必要做He doesn t does not need to go.H

7、e does notdoesntdare to say.Does he need to do it again.If you dare to jump into the water from No, he doesnt need ot do it again.here, so dare I .She didn t need to attend the meeting yesterday, and she stayed with her children. 她没有参与 5. should 与 ought to 用法对比点shouldought to1、表 “ 应当 ”表劝说、建议“有责任有必要

8、” 做某事You should listen to the doctorYou ought to finish your work before advice.you go home.2、表 “ 估量 ”We should learn from Zhang Hua. We ought to help each other.“特别可能 ” 的事,可译为 “ 总应当 ”They should get home by now.If we start to work right now, we ought to finish it before lunch.1）should 仍可在虚拟语气中的使用注：

9、2 留意： ought to 的疑问式及否定式-No, he oughtnt to. -Ought he to go. -Yes, I think he ought to. 否定式： oughtnt to do 不说 ought to not do 反疑问句： oughtnt _.6. shall 与 will 用法shall will1. 询问对方的意思或向对方提出要求：1. 征询对方看法或恳求指示,用于第一、Will you please . Wont you .Would you like to. would替代 will 更客气 三人称： Shall I we . Shall he s

10、he .Where shall I wewait for you.Wont you go and see the film.你不去看电影2. 表示说话人的 “ 意愿 ” 有 “ 命令 ” “ 警吗-Yes, I think I will. 不, 我想去；2. 表示 “ 意志 ” “ 意愿 ” ,用于各种人称：告 ” “ 强制 ” “ 承诺 ” “ 决心 ” 等,用于其次、三人称；You shall do what I tell you to do.I won t do anything you dont like.我不会做任何你不喜爱的事；Would 表示过去时间的“意志 ” “意愿 ”我叫你

11、干什么你就干什么；Shylock would not take the money earlier.2名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Everything shall be done to save the ship. 肯定要竭尽全力来挽救这艘船；7. used to 与 would 用法夏洛克从前是不愿要钱的；used to would1.只表示过去动作的重复,有明确的时间状1.表示过去的动作、状态,重在与现在情形 语；的对比,不肯定要有时间状语；I used to play cards a lot, but

12、now I seldom I would go to see my grandfather on Sunday when he was in the middle school.play. 2.would 后只接表动作的动词,不接表熟悉My hometown is not what it used to be. 或状态动词He used to be nervous in the exam.2. 表示过去的习惯有时可互换：When we were very young, we used to / would go skating every winter.3. 表示过去的次数时,不能使用： ）W

13、e went to the Great Wall five times when we were young. X We used to go / would go to the Great Wall five times when we were young.注： used to do 的否定式： usednt to do 或 didn t use to do usedn 也可写作 usent疑问式：Did you use to do . Didnt you use to do.Used you to do. Usednt you to do.II 情态动词表估量：1. 大多数情态动词（除表

14、才能、许可、意志外）,都可以表示估量,其程度有差异；按可能性程度的高低排列为：must will would ought to should 完全确定 完全可能 很可能 can couldmay might 可能 有可能2. 区分情态动词的否定含义：may not 或许不、可能不 might not 可能不 can t 不行能mustn t不许、禁止 shouldn 不应当 needn 不必3. 情态动词表估量详细运用：情态动词可以对现在、进行、过去估量；S 主+情态动词 + be + adj 对“ 性质 ” “ 特点 ”的估量S 主+情态动词 + be + n 对“ 职业 ” “ 事物 ”的

15、估量S 主+情态动词 + 动词原形 对常常性行为的估量S 主+情态动词 + be + V-ing 对进行着的行为的估量S 主+情态动词 + have + PP 对过去的行为的估量情态动词表估量时：1、can 只能用于否定句和疑问句2、must 只能用于确定句（它的否定句和疑问句其实就用 can 来代替了）3、如句中有情态动词 + 完成时,定是对过去的估量；4、句中如有表示不愿定的话语E.g I am not sure; I don之类,常选may /might 的各种形式；4. 表示反劝的特别的表估量形式1. could + have + P.P. He could have finished

16、 the task on time, but the 表示原来能做到,但事实上没有做到；heavy snow came.2. couldnt +have + P.P. She could not have covered the whole distance, but 3名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 表示原来不能做到,但已经做到了；in fact she arrived ahead of time.3 needn t + have + P.P.She needn t have attended the meet

17、ing yesterday, but 表示本不必做的,但已经做到了；she did.4. should/ought to +have + P.P.The plant is dead. I should/ought to have given ot 表示该做而没有做more water.have taken her bike 5 shouldnt/ oughtnt to +have + P.P. You oughtn to / shouldn 表示不该做而做了；without permission.5. 留意：must 只能用于确定句（它的否定句和疑问句其实就用 can 来代替了）1.must

18、+ have + P.P. 表示对过去确定的估量, “肯定是,The road is wet. It must have rained yesterday.准是 ”2.can + have + P.P. 表示对过去的估量（限于问句中）3.can t + have + P.P. 表示对过去的否定估量III 情态动词表估量的反意疑问句Can she have said so. 他可能这样说吗？He cannot have said such a foolish thing.1. 情态动词表估量的反意疑问句,简洁来说,就是以情态动词后的时态为淮,如句子里有明确的时间状语,就以其为准；2. 以 mus

19、t 为例：E.g. 1. You must be hungry now, aren you.t she？为例）既有didn t she又有 hasnt she就2. He must be watching TV , isn he .3 Tom must have lived her for a long time, hasn he .4. She must have arrived yesterday , didn she.注：如挑选题中（以She must have arrived yesterday , didn 以 didn t she？为正确答案；IV 情态动词专项练习与解析一 1.

20、You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.A. can t B. mustnt C. needn t D. may not 2. Where is my pen. I _ it.A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost 3. I wish I _ you yesterday.A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see 4. I didnt hear t

21、he phone. I _ asleep.A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been 5. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going.A. had been; would have prevented C. were; would prevent B. had been; would prevent D. were; would have prevented 6. He _ you more help, even though he was very

22、 busy.D. may give A. might have given B. might have C. may have given 7. If it _ for the snow, we _ the mountain yesterday.A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb4名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could clim

23、b 8. Without electricity human life _ quite difficult today.A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 9. A computer _ think for itself, it must be told what to do.A. can t B. couldnt C. may not D. might not 10. Jenny _ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.A. must B. should C.

24、need D. would 11. We _ last night, but we went to the concert instead.A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study 12. Could I borrow your dictionary. Yes, of course you _. A. might B. will C. can D. should 13. Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm. A.

25、have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told 14. If he _, he _ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not take C. would be warned; had not taken B. had been warned; would not have taken D. would have been warned; had not taken 15. Peter _ come with us tonig

26、ht, but he isnt very sure yet.A. must B. may C. can D. will 16. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her.A. had to write it out B. must have written it outC. should have written it out D. ought to write it out 17. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my b

27、rother.A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 18. Shall I tell John about it. No, you _. Ive told him already.A. needn t B. wouldnt C. mustn t D. shouldnt 19. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 20. Its nearl

28、y seven oclock. Jack _ be here at any moment.A. must B. need C. should D. can 21. There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. It _ a comfortable journey.A. can t be B. shouldnt be C. mustn t have been D. couldnt have been 22. Johnny, you _ play with the knife, you

29、_ hurt yourself.A. won t; cant B. mustnt; may C. shouldnt; must D. can t; shouldnt 23. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 24. When can I come for the photos. I need them tomorrow afternoon. They _ be ready by 12:00. A. can

30、 B. should C. might D. need 25. I stayed at a hotel while in New York.5名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Oh, did you. You _ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed 26. Will you stay for lunch. Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me.

31、 A. I mustnt B. I cant C. I neednt D. I wont 27. Are you coming to Jeffs party. I m not sure. I _ go to the concert instead.D. mightA. must B. would C. should 28. Write to me when you get home. _. A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can 29. I was really anxious about you, you _ home without a word.

32、 A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. needn t leave 30. Is John coming by train. He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car.A. must B. can C. need D. may专项练习（二）1. I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She _ at the meeting.A. mustnt have spoken B. shouldnt

33、have spokenC. neednt have spoken D. couldn t have spoken2. One ought _ for what one hasnt done.A. not to be punished B. to not be punishedC. to not punished D. not be punished3. If you really want yourself to be in good health, you must _ always _ so much.A. not; be smoking B. not; have smokedC. not

34、; to smoke D. be not; smoking4. With so much work on hand, you _ to see the game last night.A. mustnt go B. shouldnt go C. couldnt have gone D. shouldn t have gone5. Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party. They say that it _ better organized.A. had been B. had to be C. mu

35、st have been D. could have been6. Im surprised that he _ in the exam.A. should fail B. would have failed C. may have failed D. should have failed7. The little girl _ there alone.A. not dare go B. dares not go C. dare not go D. dare not to go8. “Must we do it now.”“No, you _.”D. dontA. won t B. needn

36、t C. cant 9. He said he would rather not _ it right now.A. doing B. to do C. do D. to be doing10. You _ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.A. neednt to come B. dont need come 6名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - C. dont need coming D. neednt come

37、11. Put on more clothes. You _ be feeling cold with only a shirt on.A. can B. could C. would D. must12. I _ play football than baseball.A. would rather B. had better C. like better D. prefer13. I thought you _ like something to read, so I have brought you some books.A. may B. might C. could D. must1

38、4. There was plenty of times. She _.A. mustnt have hurried B. couldn t have hurried C. must not hurry D. neednt have hurried15. The plant is dead. I _ it more water.A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given16. You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you

39、like.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not17. Its still early, you _.B. wouldn t hurry A. mustnt hurry C. may not hurry D. dont have to hurry18. Please open the window, _.A. cant you B. arent you C. do you D. will you19. We _ for her because she never came.A. mustnt have waited B. shouldnt have wai

40、ted C. mustnt wait D. neednt wait20. May I stop here. No, you _.A. mustnt B. might not C. neednt D. won t21. Its a fine day. Let s go fishing, _.A. won t we B. will we C. dont we D. shall we22. I didn t see her in the meeting room this morning. She _ at the meeting.A. mustnt have spoken B. shouldn t

41、 have spokenC. neednt have spoken D. couldn t have spoken23. Please don t make a noise. _. Ill be as quiet as a mouse.A. Yes, I won t B. No, I won t C. No, I will D. Yes, I will24. The young man has made so much noise that he _ not have been allowed to attend the concert.A. could B. must C. would D.

42、 should25. Where is John. He _ in the library.D. must have beenA. should be B. must be C. can be 26. Since the road is wet this morning, _ last night.A. it must rain B. it must be raining C. it must have rained D. it must have been rain27. Will your brother stay home tonight. Im not quite sure. He _ to the cinema tonight.A. m