直接引语变间接引语的转换.doc

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1、直接引语变间接引语的转换直接引语变间接引语的转换：（一）如何变人称：（一）如何变人称：口诀：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如：She said.“My brother wants to go with me.”She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称。如：H

2、e said to Kate.“How is your sister now?”He asked Kate how her sister was then.“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。如：Mr.Smith said,“Jack is a good worker.”Mr.Smith said Jack was a good worker.（二）时态的变化（二）时态的变化 如果引述动词为现在时态，间接引语的动词可以保持原来的时态。He says,“I have been writing a novel.

3、”-He says that he has been writing a novel.He says:thats all right.-He says thats all right.如果引述动词为过去时态，间接引语中的时间就要往后推，即现在时间推至过去时间，过去时间推至过去的过去，将来时间推至过去将来时间。具体变化见下表：直接引语时态间接引语时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时Can/mayCould/mightShe said:I am a student.-She said

4、(that)she was a student.(一般现在时变成一般过去时一般现在时变成一般过去时)She said：He will go to see his friend-She said he would go to see his friend.(一般将来时变成过去将来时一般将来时变成过去将来时)Tom said:I am going to play basketball tomorrow.The teacher said,“You are doing OK.”老师说：“你们干得很不错。”The teacher said we were doing OK.老师说我们干得很不错。（现在进

5、行时变为过去进行时）（现在进行时变为过去进行时）She said,“I am reading a book.I asked her,“Where have you spent your holiday?”我问她：“你去哪里度假了？”I asked her where she had spent her holiday.我问她去哪里度假了。（现在完成时变为过去完成时）（现在完成时变为过去完成时）She said,“I went to Shanghai.”她说：“我去过上海。”She said that she had gone to Shanghai.她说她去过上海。（过去时变为过去完成时）（过

6、去时变为过去完成时）He said,“I had finished my work before 10 oclock.”他说：“我在十点钟前就完成工作了。”He said that he had finished his work before 10 oclock.他说他在十点钟前就完成工作了。（过去完成时不变过去完成时不变）注意以下几种情况：时态不变注意以下几种情况：时态不变1.直接引语是客观真理。The teacher said,“The earth moves around the sun.-The teacher said the earth moves around the sun.

7、2.直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。Jack said:I was doing chores when Tom came in.-Jack said he was doing chores when Tom came in.3.直接引语中有具体的过去的某年某月某日，变间接引语时，时态不变。Jack said:I was born onApril 21,1980-Jack said he was born onApril 21,1980.4.直接引语是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作时，变间接引语，时态不变。He said:I get up at six every morning.-

8、He said he gets up at six every morning.5.如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式或已经是过去时的形式，不用变。The doctor said,You should stay in bed for 2 days.-The doctor said I should stay in bed for 2 days.（三）如何变状语。（三）如何变状语。时间状语由时间状语由“现在现在”变为变为“原来原来”直 接 引 语间 接 引 语now现在then那时today今天that day那天this evening今晚that evening那天晚上yesterda

9、y昨天the day before前一天yesterday morning昨天上午the morning before前一天上午last night昨天晚上the night before前一天晚上two days ago两天前two days before两天前next week下周the next week/the following week 第二周tomorrow明天the next day/the following day第二天the day before yesterday 前天two days before两天前the day after tomorrow 后天in two d

10、ays time/two days after两天后地点状语地点状语 here 变为变为 there“Well leave here tomorrow,”he said.他说：“我们明天离开这里。”He said that they would leave there the next day.他说他们将在第二天离开那里。指示代词由指示代词由“此此”变为变为“彼彼”：this-that,these-thoseHe said:This book is mine.-He said that book was his.动词动词 come 变成变成 go（四）如何变换句型（四）如何变换句型1.陈述句变

11、为以 that 引导的宾语从句，that 可以省略。如：He said,“Im happy.”-He said（that）he was happy.2.一般疑问句，反义疑问句，选择疑问句变为由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句，翻译成“是否”如：He asked me,“Does his father know Mr Green?”-He asked me if his father knew Mr Green.3.特殊疑问句变为由 who,what,where,how 等疑问词(连接代词或连接副词)引导的宾语从句，宾语从句必须用陈述语序。如：He asked me,“Where is

12、 Mr Wang?”-He asked me where Mr Wang was.（注：He asked me,“Which is the best?She asked me:What is in the classroom?4.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语改为 tell,ask,order sb(not)to do sth 句型，表示命令。如：Dont make any noise,the teacher said to the students.-The teacher told the students not to make any noise.Open the door,pleas

13、e,she said.-She asked him to open the door.5.直接引语如果是 Lets 开头的祈使句，变为用“suggest+doing 或+从句。如：He said:Lets go to the movies.-He suggested going to the movies.或 He suggested that they should go to see the movies.练习一：1.I dont know _ he will come tomorrow._ he comes,Ill tell youA.if;WhetherB.whether;Whethe

14、rC.if;ThatD.if;If2.I dont know _ the day after tomorrow.A.when does he comeB.how will he comeC.if he comesD.whether hell come3.Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is?A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where4.Could you tell me _ the radio without any help?A.how did he mendB.what did he mendC.how he mendedD.w

15、hat he mended5.I want to know _.A.whom is she looking after B.whom she is lookingC.whom is she looking D.whom she is looking after6.Do you know where _ now?A.he livesB.does he liveC.he livedD.did he live7.Do you know what time _?A.the train leaveB.does the train leaveC.will the train leaveD.the trai

16、n leaves8.I dont know _.Can you tell me,please?A.how the two players are oldB.how old are the two playersC.the two players are how oldD.how old the two players are9.The small children dont know _.A.what is their stockings inB.what is in their stockingsC.where is their stockings inD.what in their sto

17、ckings10.I cant understand _.A.what does Christmas meanB.what Christmas does meanC.what mean Christmas doesD.what Christmas means1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A.took B.take C.takes D.will take2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A.has never gone B.had never gone C.has

18、 never been D.had never been3 The students want to know whether they_ dictionary today.A.hadB.has C.will have D.are4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A.could she B.she could C.she can D.she may5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A.travelled B.has travelled C.travells D.had travelled习题（二）1 Can

19、you tell me_ you were born,Betty?A.who B.what C.when D.that2 I dont know _ they have passed the exam.A.what B.if C.when D.where3 I hardly understand._ he has told me.A.that B.what C.which D.who4 She didnt know_ back soon.A.whether he would beB.if would he beC.he will be5.I dont know _ he still lives

20、 here after so many years.A.whether B where C.what D.when6.Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?A.what B when C why D how7.He asked me _told me the accident.Awhom B which C who D whose习题（三）1.They dont know _their parents are.Athat B what C why D which2.Please tell me _what last year.A.wh

21、ere does your sister workB where did your sister workC where your sister worksD where your sister worked3.She asked me if I knew _.A.whose pen is it B.whose pen it was C.whose pen it is D.whose pen was it4.You must remember _.A.what your mother said B.what did your mother sayC.your mother said what

22、D.what has your mother said5 Did you know _?A.who he was looking after B.who was he looking forC.who he is looking for D.who he is looking after6 Could you tell me _?A.when will they leave Beijing B.when would they leave BeijingC.when they will leave Beijing D.when did they leave Beijing习题（四）1.In th

23、e bookshop,a reader asked the shop keeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.A.that B.how C.what D.if2.I dont know _ Mr.Green will come to see us.He will help us with our English.（杭州市）A.why B.when C.how D.where3.We never know _ the old man is.They say he is a teacher.（鄂州市）A.what B.who C.w

24、hich D.where4.I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.（重庆市）A.that how B.how that C.when that D.that when5.Do you know _?Im going to see him.Sorry,I dont know.（北京市海淀区）A.where does Mr.Li live B.where did Mr.Li live C.where Mr.Li lives D.where Mr.Li lived6.W here do you thi

25、nk _ he _ the computer?Sorry,I have no idea.（南京市）A.;bought B.has;bought C.did;buy D.does;buy7.I dont feel very well.Mum asked me _ this morning.（重庆市）A.what the matter is B.what is wrong C.what the matter was D.what wrong was8.Where is Jack?He is away to spend his holiday.Hes gone either to Hangzhou

26、or to Wuhan,but Im notsure _.（南昌市）A.that B.which C.where D.there单项选择1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A.took B.take C.takes D.will take2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A.has never gone B.had never gone C.has never been D.had never been3 The students want to know wheth

27、er they_ dictation today.A.had B.has.C.will have D.are4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A.could she B.she could C.she can D.she may5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A.travelled B.has travelled C.travells D.had travelled6.Can you tell me_ you were born,Betty?A.who B.what C.when D.that7 I don

28、t know _ they have passed the exam.A.what B.if C.when D.where8 I hardly understand._ he has told me.A.that B.what C.which D.who9.She didnt know_ back soon.A.whether he would be B.if would he be C.he will be D.if he will come10.I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years.A.whether B where C

29、.what D.when11.Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?A.what B when C why D how12.He asked me _told me the accident.A whom B which C who D whose13.They dont know _their parents are.A that B what C why D which14.Please tell me _what last year.A.where does your sister work B.where did your s

30、ister workC where your sister works D.where your sister worked15.She asked me if I knew _A.whose pen is it B.whose pen it was C.whose pen it is D.whose pen was it16.You must remember _.A.what your mother said B.what did your mother sayC.your mother said what D.what has your mother said17.Did you kno

31、w _?A.who he was looking after B.who was he looking forC.who he is looking for D.who he is looking after18.Could you tell me _?A.when will they leave Beijing B.when would they leave BeijingC.when they will leave Beijing D.when did they leave Beijing19.Could you tell me_?A.where do you live B.who you

32、 are waiting for C.whowere you waiting for D.where you live in20.I want to know how long A.has he been back Bhas he come backC.he has been back Dhe has come back21.Do you know?Awhat the news are Bwhat is the newsCwhat the news is Dwhat are the news22.I dont know _ up so early last Sunday.A.why did h

33、e get B.why he gets C.why does he get D.why he got23.He said _ there was going to be a meeting that evening.A.what B.if C.that D.how按要求转换句型。1.Does Mr.Brown enjoy living in China?Could you tell us?（改写句子）Could you tell us _ Mr.Brown _ living in China?2.Does the girl need any help?”he asked me.（变为复合句）H

34、e asked me _ the girl _ some help3.Jim is not a student.Tom is not a student,either.（合并为一个句子）_ Jim _Tom is a student.4.When does the train leave?I want to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）I want to know _ the train _.5.They went home after they had finished their homework.(用 not until 改写)They _ go home _ they had

35、finished their homework6.Did Peter come here yesterday?Li Lei wants to know.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday.1).How does he get on with his new classmates?Could you tell me?(改为含有宾语从句的复合句)Could you tell me how _ _ on with his new classmates?2).What is he doing there?Mother d

36、idnt know.(改为含有宾语从句的复合句Mother didnt know what _ _doing there.3).Youd better ask your mother whether is it cheap enough before you try it on.(改错)4)Whats his name?I asked him.（改为含有宾语从句的复合句）I asked him what _ _ _.5)Why didnt he look happy?Could you tell me?(改为含有宾语从句的复合句)Could you tell me why _ _ look h

37、appy?6)Does he still live in that street?I dont know(改为含有宾语从句的复合句)I dont know _ he still _ in that street.7)Whose children is the old woman looking after?Did you find out?（改为含有宾语从句的复合句）Did you find out whose children the old woman _ _ after?8)The moon moves round the earth.My sister told me.（同上）My s

38、ister told me _ the moon_ round the earth.9)I think it is not going to snow tomorrow.（改错）10).Do you want to try something new。Toms mother asked him.(同义句转换)Toms mother asked him_ _ _to try something new.直接引语变间接引语：He said:“I have left my book in your room.”He asked“Will your sister come back tomorrow?”He asked“Are you a teacher or a student?”He asked“What will you be doing next week?”He said“Open the door.”DoyouspeakEnglish?heaskedme.ThestudentaskedMary,wheredoyoulive?He said,His mom will go to ParisDoyouspeakEnglish?he often asksmeDidyouknow him in 2010?he often asksme