2023年人教版八年级上册英语第一至五单元知识点小结.doc

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1、八年级上册英语第一至五单元知识点小结班级： 姓名： Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?1. go on vacation 度假 vacation相称于holiday，但vacation表达长的假期。2. visit museums 参观博物馆 3. go to summer camp去参观夏令营4. something interesting有趣的东西 1）something，anything，nothing，everything是指物的不定代词。somebody，someone，anybody，anyone，nobody，everybody，everyon

2、e是指人的不定代词。somewhere，anywhere，nowhere，everywhere是指地点的不定代词。2）当形容词修饰不定代词、不定副词时，放于其后； something special; somewhere wonderful.3）不定代词、不定副词做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如： Is everybody here? 大家都到齐了吗？ 4）something，somebody，someone，somewhere用于肯定句及表达请求或建议的疑问句中，而anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere用于否认句、疑问句及条件状语从句中。如：Did you do

3、 anything interesting? 你做了有趣的事吗？（表疑问）6. buy sth. for sb. 或 buy sb. sth 如： buy some books for me. = buy me some books.7. 提建议的句子： 8. ride bicycles 骑自行车What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping? Why dont you + do sth.? 如：Why dont you go shopping? Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go sho

4、pping? Lets + do sth. 如： Lets go shopping Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping?9. long time no see 好久不见 10 . most of the time 大多数时间11. enjoyable activities 令人快乐的活动 12. try paragliding 尝试滑翔伞运动13. 辨析： get to/reach/arrive 都是“到达“的意思get to+地点=reach+地点= arrive at+地点（小）=arrive in+地点（大）注意：若他们后面要

5、加地点副词here, there, home等，则不需要加介词。14. nothing.but.意为“除.之外； 只有”，如：I have nothing to do but watch TV all day long. 我整天除了看电视什么也没干。 15. feel like 意为：“感受到；摸起来”，后跟宾语从句或名词、动名词。如：I felt like I was a bird. 我感觉我是一只鸟。 It feels like a stone. 它摸起来像一块石头。 feel like doing sth.意为“想做某事”。如：I feel like eating.我想吃东西。16. e

6、njoy doing sth . 喜欢做;乐意做 enjoy oneself 过得快乐 =have fun/have a good time.17. I wonder what life was like here in the past. 我想知道过去这里的生活是什么样的 18.Still no one seemed to be bored. 仍然没有人感到烦闷。其他表达状态的系动词有：feel(觉得）; keep（保持）;stay（保持）;look（看来像.）;smell（闻起来）sound（听起来）taste（尝起来）-后面接形容词 2） bored (adj)，意为“感到厌倦的、无聊的

7、”,其主语是某人；（人ed物ing） boring(adj)，意为“令人厌倦的、无聊的”其主语是某物。 如：I got bored with the boring work. 我对这无聊的工作感到厌倦。相类似的词语尚有： interested/ tired/ excited/ amazed/surprised surprised/ tiring/ exciting/ amazing/surprising19. decide（v）决定 decide to (not) do sth. = make a decision (not) to do sth. decision(n) decide on

8、doing sth. 决定做某事如：Li Lei has decided to go to Beijing . 李雷已经决定去北京。20. Because of the bad weather, we couldnt see anything below. 1） because of + 名词/代词/名短 I had to move because of my job. 由于工作的因素 because +从句 如：I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是由于我喜欢。21.enough 足够的（名前形后）如：I have enough money to go to Be

9、ijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。 She is not old enough to go to school. 她年龄不够，不能去上学。Unit2 How often do you exercise?2. -How often do you usually go shopping? Sometimes/Twice a week. 有时候/一周两次.1) go shopping 意为“去购物”。Go+ v- ing : 表达进行某项活动。如：Go swimming/ shopping/skating/skiing/fishing/climbing/hiking 2)频率副词：always=al

10、l the time, usually, often, sometimes=at times , hardly ever, never (1).sometimes: 有时候；sometime：某时；some times：许多次/倍; some time: 一段时间hard (2). hardly(adv): 几乎不 硬的；困难的；严厉的；勤奋的 a hard writer 努力地； 剧烈地 study/rain hard 3）how often表达“多久一次”，是对动作的频率进行提问。其回答通常有： 频率副词： always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly

11、 ever, neverhow often 次数时间段: 如：once or twice a week every 时间段: every day (天天) 区别：everyday（天天的；平常的）注意：表达“一次或两次”时，一般用once和twice表达。如：once a month(一个月一次)而表达“三次或以上”时，则用“数词times”结构。如：five times a year (一年五次)4）由how构成的疑问词组的用法“多少”（1） howmany+ 可数名词复数 如：how many programshowmuch+不可数名词。 如：how much coffee 但how mu

12、ch=whats the price of.? 尚有“多少钱”的意思 如：Howmucharethosepants?(2)how many times: “多少次”. 其答语表达次数。如：once ,twice，three times等(3) How old.? 询问年龄 如：How old are you? I am five.“how long?”(4) 多久(时间) 常用 for two days，for three hours等回答。 多长（某物的长度） 如：-How long is the river? - 10 kms. (5)how soon 用来询问过多久，多久以后，其答语是i

13、n two hours，in three days等。 如：How soon wil he come back？ In an hour。3. “空闲的”：Are you free tonight? 4. at least 至少 at most 最多be free “自由的”： a free country freedom(n) 5. stay up 熬夜 “免费的”： work for free. 6. junk food 垃圾食品full5. “满的；饱的” be full of : The bottle is full of water. 瓶子里装满了水。 “忙的”=busy He had

14、 a full life 6She says its good for my health. 她说那对我的健康有益。（1）be good for：“对有好处”。 如：Doing exercise is good for our health.（2）be good at：“擅长于” 如：He is good at playing football.(3) be good to sb./sth: “对好” 如：The old woman is good to us. (4) be good to do sth.: “适合；宜于” 如：The water is good to drink. (5)

15、be good with: “与相处好” 如： The teacher is good with his students.7go online = use the Internet ：上网 8. Teenager magazine 青少年杂志9. more than two hours=over two hours:超过 10. go to the dentist: 去看牙医11. keep healthy = stay healthy = keep in good health: 保持健康12. ask sb. to do : 叫做某事 Teacher asked me to clean

16、the classroom. ask sb. not to do sth.: 叫不要做某事 Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom. ask sb. about sth. : 问某人某事 We asked our students about their free time activities. ask sb. for sth. : 向某人规定 如：ask teacher for help 13. help sb. with sth. 如：They help me with this problem. 他们帮助你解决这个问题。 help sb.

17、（to）do. 如：They help you (to) solve this problem. 他们帮助你解决这个问题。14. (n) 惊讶: to ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是 in surprise 惊讶地 surprise be surprised at sth. 对 感到意外 (v) 使惊奇、意外： be surprised to do sth. 惊讶做某事 be surprised that + 从句 如：I was surprised at the news = I was surprised to hear the news.15. fifteen percent

18、 of the students 百分之十五的学生 16. swing dance 摇摆舞17. although(conj):“尽管；虽然”，表达转折关系，同义词有though, 不能与but同时使用。如： Although theyre neighbors, they dont play together. = Theyre neighbors, but they dont play together. 尽管他们是邻居，但是他们不在一起玩。18. maybe (adv): 也许，大约 (Maybe) he (maybe) knows it. May + v(原)：也许，大约 He may

19、know it.如：Maybe he is at home.= He maybe is at home.= He may be at home. 19. Old habits die hard. 恶习难改. die(v):死亡；消失 death(n): 死亡；dead(adj): 死的； dying(adj): 垂死的；临终的；（植）枯萎的 dying wish-遗言20.Here are the results. 以下是结果。21. Most students use it for fun and not for homework.22. You can spend time with yo

20、ur friends and family as you play together.spend 度过（时间） 如：spend the weekend with family 花费（时间、钱） 如：He spent 20 yuan (in) buying the magazine.（V-ing) 同义句：He spent 20 yuan on the magazine. He paid 20 yuan for the magazine. It took him 20 yuan to buy the magazine.（动词用不定式） Unit3 Im more outgoing than my

21、 sister1. 事实上；事实上 in fact 2. 唱歌比赛 the singing competition3. 头发更短的那个 the one with shorter hair 4. 真正关心我 truly care about me5. 只要；既然 as long as (像同样长) 6. 一就 as soon as ( 尽快)7. 分享一切 share everything 8. 与不同 /有差异 be different from9.与一致/相同 be the same as 10. 与 相似的/类似的 be similar to11.摔断胳膊 break the arm 12

22、. 小学 primary school13.打电话询问更多信息 call for more information 14. 取得更好的成绩 get better grades15. 形容词和副词的比较级一、含义1. 大多数形容词和副词有三个等级： 原级、比较级、最高级: good better - best2. 比较级：表达两者(人或物)之间的比较。3. 加more/most 的情况：部分双音节和多音节词4. 双写的词：一个大热天，一个胖子和一个瘦子穿着红衣服，汗湿了，很伤心。 big hot fat thin red wet sad二比较级基本句型： 连系动词+ adj.（比） 如： Luc

23、y is slower than Lily.1主语+谓语动词+adj./adv（比）+ than+ 对比成分实义动词+ adv./ （比） 如：Lucy runs more slowly than Lily.2. 主语必须与对比成分保持一致：Her hair is longer than yours.(your hair) 同级比较 3 as+adj./adv.(原级)+as : “如同同样” 否认： not as/so+adj./adv.(原级)+as : “不如同样” 4比较级and比较级：越来越 e.g. They talked more and more loudly. 5. The比

24、较级,the比较级：越就越 The more exercise you do, the stronger youll be. 6. “Which / Who is + 比较级， A or B？” e.g. Which T-shirt is nicer, this one or that one? 7. the+比较级+of the（ two ） : 两者中较的一个 Of the twins, she was the more hard-working . 8. 常用the one代单数可数名词,the ones /those 代替复数名词,that 代替不可数名词. e.g. The book

25、 here is newer than the one on the desk The apples on the tree are fresher than those/the ones in the box. The weather in Wuhan is hotter than that in Beijing.9. 比较级前可用“数词+名词” 表达拟定的度量。 e.g. I am (5 years) older than himThe room is (3 times) as large as that one. 注意： 1. 原级常与very, as，so, too, quite，pr

26、etty, really等连用。 2. 比较级常与much, even, far, than, a little, a bit, a lot 等连用. 3. Than 后的比较状语结构: e.g. He runs faster than me/ I (do).16. You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though. 然而，你能看得出丽莎真的想赢。 17. I think friends are like books- you dont need a lot of them as long as theyre good. 我认为朋友就像书-

27、你不需要很多，只要好 就行。 look like : 看起来像（外貌） She is pretty tall. be like: 像（性格，外貌） He is outgoing/ serious.18. My best friend helps to brings out the best in me. 我最佳的朋友帮我激发出我最佳的品质. 使显现；使表现出： The dress brings out the color of her skin. bring out 生产；出版： The factory brings out a new kind of car. bring out the b

28、est/worst in sb. 激发出某人最佳/最差的品质. 19. I know she cares about me because shes always there to listen (to me). 我知道她关心我，由于她随时都可以听我倾诉。 (n) 小心；谨慎 Take care! 当心/保重 Cross the road with care. 1). care 介意；在乎（=mind） I dont care what happens. (v) care about: 关心；在意 如：He doesnt care about anything people say.care

29、for 关心；照顾 = take care of或look after 喜欢；想要（否或疑） 如：Would you care for a cup of coffee? be there 2). for sb. 随叫随到；不离左右 如：Parents are always there for children. to do sth. 随时准备帮助 如：She is there to work out the problem. 20. I dont really care if my friends are the same as me or different. if: 是否； 假如我真的不介

30、意是否我的朋友与我同样还是不同。21They both like sports. 他们俩都喜欢运动。（both：两个都；用在实动之前，其它动词之后） You are both too young. They both speak English.Both of .+名词复数 如： Both of the flowers are beautiful. 两朵花都很美丽。 bothand两者都 反义词组：neithernor两者都不注意：all：都（三者或三者以上）; either:两者中任一个；every：每个（三者或三者以上） 21. A true friend reaches for your

31、 hand and touches your heart. 一个真正的朋友（在你需要帮助的时候）向你伸出手，触动你的心弦。23. She made me laugh and feel better. ( laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑某人) make/let /have sb. do sth.= get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事 make+宾语+形容词: 使某人/某事如何 如： His words make us happy. 2). 24. Its not easy for me to make friends. (make friends with sb. 与.交朋

32、友) Its+形容词+ for sb.+ to do sth.: 某人做某事怎么样. (It是形式主语，to do sth.是真正主语) 25. The most important thing is to learn something new and have fun. 最重要的事情是学习新的东西和过的开心。26. Thats why I like reading books and I study harder in class. 那是我喜欢读书和在班上更努力学习的因素。 Unit 4 Whats the best movie theater?1.the best movie theat

33、er 最佳的电影院 2.the biggest screens 最大的荧屏3. the best sound 最佳的音响 4. all kinds of 各种各样的5.the shortest waiting time 最短的等待时间 6. three meals a day 一日三餐7.the most comfortable seats 最舒适的座位 take a seat 就坐8.buy clothes the most cheaply买衣服最便宜 9. the worst service最差的服务10. buy tickets the most quickly 买票最快 11. kno

34、w the way around 熟悉周边的路12. choose songs the most carefully选择歌曲最仔细 13. the street performers 街头表演者 14. the most exciting magicians最令人兴奋的魔术师 15. takeseriously认真对待16. the most creative talent show最有创意的才艺表演 17.and so on 等等18. sing the most beautifully 唱得最动听 19. pretty loud 相称响亮20Welcome to the neighborh

35、ood! 欢迎来到社区！ welcome to sp. 欢迎到 形容词和副词的最高级一、含义1. 大多数形容词和副词有三个等级： 原级、比较级、最高级: badly worse - worst2. 最高级：表达三者或三者以上(人或物)之间的比较。（最高级前勿忘the）二最高级基本句型结构 系动词+ the+adj.(最) of + 同类 ( of all/us.) 1. 主语 + 谓语动词 + the + adj./adv.(最) + 实义动词+ (the)+ adv.(最） in + 范围 (in China.)如：Tara is the youngest of all. Linda dra

36、ws (the) most carefully in her class. 注：1. 副词的最高级前可省略 “the”： 如：sit (the) most comfortably 坐得最舒适 2. 最高级前有其它的限定词时，不加“the”： my best friend 2. Which / Who +the + 最高级, A, B or C ? e.g. Which do you like (the) best, apples, pears or oranges? 3. one of +the +最高级（形）+名（复）： “最之一”。 e.g. Jack Chen is one of the

37、 most famous actors in the world. 4. the + 序数词+最高级（形）+名（单）：e.g. Hainan is the second largest island in China. 5. This is the +最高级（形）+名（单）+ that 从句：e.g. This is the worst movie that I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最糟糕的电影。 6. a+最高级（形）+名（单） : 表达“非常”。 e.g. Spring is a best season. 三原级、比较级、最高级的互相转换 1、原级与比较级的转换

38、：比较级+than not.as/so.as.e.g. He speaks more loudly than me. I dont speak as/so loudly as he/him. 2、比较级与最高级的转换： the other +名（复） （在范围之内） the+最高级 比较级+than+ any other+名（单） e.g. Jim is the tallest student in our class.Jim is taller than any other student in our class.Jim is taller than the other students

39、in our class.21. Thats up to you to decide. 那由你决定。 be up to sb.( to decide.) 由某人决定 be up to (doing) sth. 胜任；适合 如：He isnt up to watching the flowers. Whatup?= What wrong?= Whats the matter? 怎么哪？ whats more: 此外；尚有 ；再者 whats worse: 更糟糕的是22How do you like the neighbor hood so far? so far: 迄今为止；到现在为止 同义句

40、：1. How is the neighborhood? 2. What do you think of the neighborhood? 3. How do you feel about the neighborhood?23. Thanks for telling me. thanks(n):感谢 如：many thanks = Thank you very much. thanks for (doing) sth. = thank sb. for (doing) sth. 感谢某人做某事24No problem. 1). 不客气；（回答感谢） 2）、没关系（回答道歉）3). 没问题（回

41、答请求）25-How far is it from your home to the school? - 10 minutes by bus. 乘车十分钟的路程。26Its always interesting to watch other people show their talents. 看其别人展示他们的才艺总是有趣的。watch/see/hear/feel/find/notice(注意) + sb. do sth. ( 经常或已发生) doing sth. ( 某次或正在发生) 如：I often hear her sing. (经常) I saw her come into the classroom. (已发生) I saw them playing basketball yesterday. ( 某次或正在发生)27. 全世界： around the world = in the world = all over the world.28. All these shows have one thing in common. 所有的这些节目都有一个共同之处。29. The cinema is the closest to my home. 电影院离我家最近。 30When people watch the s