2022年高中英语课文原文选修六.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高中英语课文原文选修六Unit 1 Art-Reading A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in su

2、ch a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD. The Middle Ages 5th to the 15th century AD During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artist of this period was not interes

3、ted in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes

4、in a more realistic way. The Renaissance 15th to 16th century During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages.People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. At the same time painters returned to classic

5、al Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as we

6、ll as their activities and achievements. One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a re

7、al scene. If the roles of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we

8、would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. Impressionism late 19th to early 20th century In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal. from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new

9、cities. There were many new inventions and social changes. Naturally, these changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - who lived and worked in Pari

10、s. The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day. However, because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly. Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier

11、 painters. At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angr about it. They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous. Modern Art 20th century to today At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today the

12、y are accepted as the beginning of what we call modem art. This is because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways. There are scores of modern art styles, but without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exist. On the one hand, some modem

13、 art is abstract; that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object, using colour, line and shape to represent them. On the other hand, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like pho

14、tographs. These styles are so different. Who can predict what painting styles there will be in the future. THE BEST OF MANHATTANS ART GALLERIESThe Frick Collection 5th Avenue and E.70th Street Many art lovers would rather visit this small art gallery than any other in New York. Henry Clay Frick, a r

15、ich New Yorker, died in 1919, leaving his house, furniture and art collection to the American people. Frick had a preference for pre-twentieth century Western paintings, and these are well-represented in this excellent collection. You can also explore Fricks beautiful home and garden which are well

16、worth a Visit. Guggenheim Museum5th Avenue and 88th Street This museum owns 5,000 superb modern paintings, sculptures and drawings. These art works are not all displayed at the same time. The exhibition is always changing. It will appeal to those who love Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintin

17、gs. The Guggenheim Museum building is also world-famous. When you walk into gallery, you feel as if you were inside a fragile, white seashell. The best way to see the paintings is to start from the top floor and walk down to the bottom. There are no stairs just a circular path. The museum also has a

18、n excellent restaurant. Metropolitan Museum of Art 5th Avenue and 82nd Street The reputation of this museum lies in the variety of its art collection. This covers more than 5,000 years of civilization from many parts of the world, including America, Europe, China, Egypt, other African countries and

19、South America. The museum displays more than just the visual delights of art. It introduces you to ancient ways of living. You can visit an Egyptian temple, a fragrant Ming garden, a typical room in an 18th century French house and many other special 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - -

20、- - - - exhibitions. Museum of Modern Art 53rd Street, between 5th and 6th Avenues It is amazing that so many great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21st century are housed in the same museum. The collection of Western art includes paintings by such famous artists as Monet, Van Gogh, P

21、icasso and Matisse. A few words of warning: the admission price is not cheap and the museum is often very crowded. Whitney Museum of American Art 945 Madison Avenue, near 75th Street The Whitney holds an excellent collection of contemporary American painting and sculpture. There are no permanent dis

22、plays in this museum and exhibitions change all the time. Every two years, the Whitney holds a special exhibition of new art by living artists. The museum also shows videos and films by contemporary video artists. 选修 6 Unit 2 Poems-Reading A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS There are various reason

23、s why people write poetry. Some poems tell a story or describe something in a way that will give the reader a strong impression. Others try to convey certain emotions. Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves. In this text, however, we will look at a few of the simpler forms. S

24、ome of the first poetry a young child learns in English is nursery rhymes. These rhymes like the one on the right A are still a common type of childrens poetry. The language is concrete but imaginative, and they delight small children because they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition. T

25、he poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language. A Hush, little baby, dont say a word, Papas going to buy you a mockingbird. If that mockingbird wont sing, Papas going to buy yo

26、u a diamond ring. If that diamond ring turns to brass, Papas going to buy you a looking-glass. If that looking-glass gets broke, Papas going to buy you a billy-goat. If that billy-goat runs away, Papas going to buy you another today. One of the simplest kinds of poems are those like B and C that lis

27、t things. List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem. Some rhyme like B while others do not like C. B I saw a fish-portal all on fire I saw a fish-pond all on fire, I saw a house bow to a squire, I saw a person twelve-feet high, I s

28、aw a cottage in the sky, I saw a balloon made of lead, I saw a coffin drop down dead, I saw two sparrows run a race, I saw two horses making lace, I saw g girl just like a cat, 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - I saw a kitten wear a hat, I saw a man who saw these too, And said

29、 though strange they all were true. C Our first football match We would have won . if Jack had scored that goal, if wed had just a few more minutes, if we had trained harder, if Ben had passed the ball to Joe, if wed had thousands of fans screaming, if I hadnt taken my eye off the ball, if we hadnt

30、stayed up so late the night before, if we hadnt taken it easy, if we hadnt run out of energy. We would have won . if wed been better. Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain, a poem made up of five lines. With these, students can convey a strong picture in just a f

31、ew words. Look at the examples D and E on the top of the next page. D Brother Beautiful, athletic Teasing, shouting, laughing Friend and enemy too Mine E Summer Sleepy, salty Drying, drooping, dreading Week in, week out Endless F A fallen blossom Is coming back to the branch. Look, a butterfly. by M

32、oritake G Snow having melted, The whole village is brimful Of happy children. by Issa Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that is made up of 17 syllables. It is not a traditional form of English poetry, but is very popular with English writers. It is easy to write and, like the cinquain , can give a

33、clear picture and create a special feeling using the minimum of words. The two haiku poems F and G above are translations from the Japanese. H Where she awaits her husband On and on the river flows. Never looking back,Transformed into stone.Day by day upon the mountain top,wind and rain revolve.Shou

34、ld the traveller return,this stone would utter speech., by Wang Jian Did you know that English speakers also enjoy other forms of Asian poetry - Tang poems from China in particular. A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English. This Tang poem H is a translation from the Chinese. With so man

35、y different forms of poetry to choose from, students may eventually want to write poems of their own. It is easier than you might think and certainly worth a try. IVE SA VED THE SUMMER 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Ive saved the summer And I give it all to you To hold on w

36、inter mornings When the snow is new. Ive saved some sunlight If you should ever need A place away from darkness Where your mind can feed. And for myself Ive kept your smile When you were but nineteen, Till youre older youll not know What brave young smiles can mean. I know no answers To help you on

37、your way The answers lie somewhere At the bottom of the day. But if youve a need for love Ill give you all l own It might help you down the road Till youve found your own. by Rod McKuen 选修 6 Unit 3 A healthy life-Reading ADVICE FROM GRANDAD Dear James, It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting und

38、er the big tree at the end of the garden. I have just returned from a long bike ride to an old castle. It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit 82 enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon. Its my birthday in two weeks time and Ill be years old. I think my long and active life must be due

39、to the healthy life I live. This brings me to the real reason for my letter, my dear grandson. Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give it up. Believe me, I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to stop. You see, duri

40、ng adolescence I also smoked and became addicted to cigarettes. First, By the way, did you know that this is because you become addicted in three different ways. you can become physically addicted to nicotine, which is one of the hundreds of chemicals in cigarettes. This means that after a while you

41、r body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - So when the drug leaves your body, you get withdrawal symptoms. I remember feeling bad-tempered and sometimes even in pain. Secondly, you become addicted through habit. As you know, if you do

42、 the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically. Lastly, you can become mentally addicted. I believed I was happier and more relaxed after having a cigarette, so I began to think that I could only feel good when I smoked. I was addicted in all three ways, so it was very difficu

43、lt to quit. But I did finally manage. When I was young, I didnt know much about the harmful effects of smoking. I didnt know, for example, that it could do terrible damage to your heart and lungs or that it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant. I certainly didnt know their babie

44、s may have a smaller birth weight or even be abnormal in some way. Neither did I know that my cigarette smoke could affect the health of non-smokers. However, what I did know was that my girlfriend thought I smelt terrible. She said my breath and clothes smelt, and that the ends of my fingers were t

45、urning yellow. She told me that she wouldnt go out with me again unless I stopped. I also noticed that I became breathless quickly, and that I wasnt enjoying sport as much. When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it was time to quit smoking. I am sending you some ad

46、vice I found on the Internet. It might help you to stop and strengthen your resolve. I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have. Love from Grandad Reading and discussing Before you read the poster below, discuss what you know about HIV/AIDS with your classmates. Mak

47、e a list of words that you might come across in this poster. HIV/AIDS:ARE YOU AT RISK. HIV is a virus. A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease. There are many different viruses, for example, the flu virus or the SARS virus. HIV weakens a persons immune system; that is, the part of t

48、he body that fights disease. You can have HIV in your blood for a long time, but eventually HIV will damage your immune system so much that you body can no longer fight disease. This stage of the illness is called AIDS. If you develop AIDS, your chances of survival are very small. HIV is spread through blood or the fluid that the body makes during sex. For a person to become infected, bloo