2022年高考英语分词作状语的用法和考点教案.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载高考英语分词作状语的用法和考点教案分词作状语用法是全部分词用法中最重要的,说明, 分词作状语的用法是全部分词用法中最常考的；也是最难把握的； 历年的高考英语考题也 因此, 本文拟对分词作状语的用法作一小结和分析,同时归纳一些行之有效的做题方法和懂得技巧,以帮忙同学们把握其用法；一、用作时间状语1. 典型例句 Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. 见到猫,老鼠就跑了；The work finished, he went home. 工作做完后,他就回家了；2. 懂得技巧分词 短语 用作时间状语通

2、常可转换成时间状语从句 句意来确定 ,如上面两句也可转换成：引导时间状语的从属连词需依据When As soon as the mouse saw the cat, it ran off. After the work was finished, he went home. 3. 高考实例 When _different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. D. having compared A. compared B. being c

3、ompared C. comparing 【分析】 此题答案选 C,分词短语 when comparing different cultures 相当于时间状语从 句 when we compare different cultures；二、用作缘由状语1. 典型例句 Being very weak, she couldnt move. 她由于身体虚弱而不能行动；His car broken down, he had to walk. 他的车坏了,所以只好走路；Much discouraged, she moved on to Beijing. 她很懊丧,搬到了伦敦；2. 懂得技巧分词 短语

4、用作缘由状语通常可转换成由 语从句,如上面三句也可转换成：as, because, since, now that 等引导的缘由状As she was very weak, she couldn move. Because his car was broken down, he had to walk. Because she was much discouraged, she moved on to Beijing. 3. 高考实例1 _with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. A. Faced B. Face

5、 C. Facing D. To face 【分析】答案选 A ；现在分词短语 faced with so much trouble 可转换成缘由状语从句because we were faced with so much trouble；2 _for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.名师归纳总结 A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed 第 1 页,共 6 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - -

6、 - 学习好资料 欢迎下载【分析】答案选 B；现在分词短语 blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network 可转换成缘由状语从句 computer network ；三、用作条件状语1. 典型例句because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school Working hard, you will succeed. 假如努力工作,你就可以胜利；Adding them all up, we can find the answer. 假如把它们加起来,我们就可以得到答案；United

7、, we stand; divided, we fall. 团结就存,分裂就亡；Given more time, we could have done it better. 假如多给点时间, 我们可以做得更好；2. 懂得技巧分词 短语 用作条件状语通常可转换成由从属连词if 引导的条件状语从句,如上面几句也可转换成：If you work hard, you will succeed. If we add them all up, we can find the answer. If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall. If

8、 we had been given more time, we could have done it better.3. 高考实例_ time, hell make a first -class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given【分析】答案选 D；give 与其规律主语 he 是动宾关系,用过去分词,应选 D；分词短语 Given time 可转换成条件状语从顺 If he is given time；四、用作让步状语1. 典型例句Although living miles away, he attend

9、ed the course. 虽然住在几英里以外,他仍去上课；Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 虽然被击败了,他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手；2. 懂得技巧分词 短语 用作让步状语通常可转换成由从属连词 导的让步状语从句,如上面两句也可转换成：though, although, no matter 等引Although he lived miles away, he attended the course. Thought he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 3. 高考实例 No matter how

10、 frequently _, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. 名师归纳总结 A. performed B. performing 第 2 页,共 6 页C. to be performed D. being performed- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 【分析】答案选学习好资料欢迎下载No matter A；现在分词短语performed 在此相当于they are performed ；how frequently they are performe

11、d 的意思是 “ 无论它们（指贝多芬的作品）被演奏多少次”；五、用作相伴状语1. 典型例句 He sat in the chair reading a newspaper. 他坐在椅子上看报；Dont you sit there doing nothing. 别什么也不干坐在那里；He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了进来,后面跟着他的妻子；2. 懂得技巧懂得 “相伴状语 ” 的关键是要懂得“相伴 ” 二字；分词 短语 用作相伴状语时,它表示的动作相伴句子谓语动作同时发生,即句子谓语所表示的动作为主要动作,分词短语所表示的动作相伴性的次要动作；3. 高考实例

12、1 Dont sit there _ nothing. Come and help me with this table. A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing2 My cousin came to see me from the country, _ me a full basket of fresh fruits. A. brought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought3 Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carel

13、essly, always _ the same thing.A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said4 We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ that allchildren like these things. A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought【分析】以上四题答案分别为 CBAA ；六、用作方式状语1. 典型例句He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠开卡车谋取

14、生；Im returning you letter as requested. 我按要求给你退信；2. 懂得技巧分词 短语 用作方式状语与用作相伴状语的情形比较接近；词可以转换成 by doing sth 的结构,如上面第一句也可换成：He earns a living by driving a truck. 注：近几年高考对分词用作方式状语的情形考得较少；七、用作结果状语 1. 典型例句有时用作方式状语的现在分He fired, killing one of the passers-by. 他开枪了,打死了一个过路人；He died, leaving his wife with five c

15、hildren. 他死了,留下他妻子和五个儿子；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载It rained and rained, vehicles bogged and bridges washed out. 雨不停地下,车辆陷入 泥沼,桥梁被水冲去；2. 懂得技巧 分词 短语 用作结果状语时,通常可转换成并列句,如上面两句也可转换成：He fired and killed one of the passers-by. He died and left his wife with five child

16、ren. It rained and rained, and vehicles were bogged and bridges were washed out.3. 高考实例 1 He glanced over at her, _ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. C. to note D. having noted A. noting B. noted 【分析】答案选 A,此句也可换成：He glanced over at her and noted that though shewas tiny, sh

17、e seemed very well put together.2 Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching B 此句也可换成：Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start 【分析】答案选of the year and reached a record

18、US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. 鉴于以上分词的用法,我们肯定要弄清分词的方方面面：一、弄清什么是分词的规律主语分词属非谓语动词,即不用作谓语的动词,所以它没有真正的主语；但是,分词作为动词的一种形式,它应有自己理论上或规律上的主语,即规律主语；如：I often hear him singing this song. 我常常听他唱这首歌；him 是 singing 的规律语 Hearing the news, he couldn help crying. 听到这消息,他禁不住哭了；he 是 hearing 的规律主语 如用的是过去分词或现在分词的被动式,就上面提到

19、的规律主语实为“ 规律宾语 ” ；如：I often hear this song sung. 我常常听到有人唱这首歌；语,但是 sing 的规律宾语 this song 是 sung 的规律主I saw her being taken to the operating room. 我观察她被送到手术室；her 是 being taken 的规律主语,但是 take 的规律宾语 二、弄清分词规律主语的易错点分词作状语,它的规律主语通常应是句子的主语,否就会出错；请看下题：1. Finding her car stolen, _. A. a policeman was asked to help

20、 B. the area was searched thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help 名师归纳总结 此题答案应选D,由于句首用作状语的现在分词短语finding her car stolen 的规律主第 4 页,共 6 页语应是 “她” ,而不是a policeman, the area, it 等；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载在使用分词的规律主语时仍要留意依据句意判定是主动仍是被动；如：2. _

21、many times, he still didn understand it.A. Having been told B. Though to be told C. Having told D. He was told 依据句意, he 与 tell 应是被动关系；从时间上看,应当是“被告知 ”在先, “没有理解” 在后,应选 A；比较下题由于句中用了并列连词 but,情形有所不同：3. _ many times, but he still didn understand it.A. Having been told B. Though he was told C. To have been

22、 told D. He was told 此题答案选 D,句中的并列连词 but 说明整个句子为并列句,同时说明 but 前应是一个独立的句子,而不能是一个非谓语动词短语 所以不能选 A 或 C；三、弄清分词规律主语的特例一般说来, 分词作状语, 它的规律主语应与句子主语一样,殊情形：但事实上有少数例外的特1. 某些表示说话人态度的一些惯用分词表达,它们在用作状语时其规律主语可以与 句子主语不一样；如：Generally speaking, women live longer than men. 一般说来,女人比男人活得长；Judging from what you say, he ought

23、 to succeed. 从你的话看,他应当能胜利；Considering the distance, he arrived very quickly. 考虑到路程,他到达得很快；Taking everything into consideration, you should leave. 考虑到各种因素,你最好离 开；2. 当句子含有先行主语 it 或 there 时,有时用作状语的分词短语可以与先行主语不一 致；如： Having so little time, there was not much that I could do. 由于时间很少,我能做的事很有限；Being French

24、, it surprising that she such a terrible cook. 她是法国人,但她做饭做得那么糟真是令人感到诧异；3. 当分词已转化为介词或连词,此时也无需考虑主语一样问题；如：Supposing she doesn come, what shall we do. 要是她不来我们怎么办.supposing为连词,意为 “ 假如 ” Given their inexperience, they ve done a good job. 考虑到他们没有体会,这工作已做得很不错了；given 为介词,意为 “ 考虑到 ” 4. 当分词暗含的规律主语为表示泛指意义的one 或

25、 you 时,也无需考虑主语的一样性问题；如： In doing such work, patience is needed. 做这种工作需要耐心 =When one does such work, patience is needed. 四、弄清分词的独立主格结构 在通常情形下, 分词作状语时它的规律主语应与句子主语一样,如不一样, 就应改用 其他句型；如：误：Crossing the road, a car knocked him down. 正： Crossing the road, he was knocked down by a car. 过公路时他被车撞倒了；名师归纳总结 - -

26、- - - - -第 5 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载正：When he was crossing the road, a car knocked him down. 他过公路时车子把他撞倒了；解决状语分词的规律主语与句子主语不一样的问题,也可在分词前加一个名词或代词,使之成为分词的规律主语；由于加在分词前的名词或代词要用主格形式,故称分词的独立主格结构；如：The job finished, we went home. 工作终止后我们就回家了；The weather being fine, we went swimming. 天气很好,

27、我们就去游泳了；He being absent, nothing couldn t be done. 由于他缺席,什么事也干不成；下面这道题是考查非谓语动词、状语从句仍是祈使句？_ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided. A. Having checked B. Check C. If you check D. To check 【陷阱】 几个干扰项均有可能误选,特别可能误选 A ；【分析】 正确答案选 C；前面一个分句为条件状语从句,后面一个分句为主语；现分析几个干扰项：选项 A 和 D 均为非谓语

28、动词,依据英语语法习惯,非谓语动词作状语时,其规律主语应与句子主语一样,而此句的 some spelling mistakes 明显不能用作 having checked 或 to check 的规律主语,故不能选为答案；如选连词,也不对；请做类似试题答案均选C：B,就两个句子之间缺少必要的1 _ more careful, the work might have been done better.A. Being B. Having been C. If you had been D. To have been 2 _ your diet, it is easy to reduce.A. W

29、atching B. To be watching C. If you watch D. To have watched 3 _ a pair of compasses, it is easy to describe a circle.A. Having B. To have had C. If you have D. if having 4 _ for something, a receipt is given to you.A. Paying B. Having paid C. When you have paid D. To be paying 5 _ the sun rising slowly in the east, the scene is a perfect dream.名师归纳总结 A. SeeingB. To be seeing第 6 页,共 6 页C. When you seeD. Having seen - - - - - - -