2023年考研英语一真题及答案.docx

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1、 SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)InCambodiathechoiceofaspouseisacomplexonefortheyoungmale.Itmayinvolvenotonlyhisparentsandhisfriends,thoseoftheyoungwomen,butalsoamatchmaker.Ayoungmancan2alikelyspous

2、eonhisownandthemaskhisparentsto3themarriagenegotiations.ortheyoungmansparentsmaymakethechoiceofaspouse,givingthechildlittletosayintheselection.4,agirlmayvetothespouseherparentshavechosen.5aspousehasbeenselected,eachfamilyinvestigatestheothertomakesureitschildismarrying6agoodfamily.Thetraditionalwedd

3、ingisalongandcolorfulaffair.Formerlyitlastedthreedays7bythe1980sitmorecommonlylastedadayandahalf.Buddhistpriestsofferashortsermonand8prayersofblessing.Partsoftheceremonyinvolveritualhaircutting,9cottonthreadssoakedinholywateraroundthebridesandgroomswrists,and10acandlearoundacircleofhappilymarriedand

4、respectedcouplestoblessthe11.Newlywedstraditionallymoveinwiththewifesparentsandmay12withthemuptoayear,13theycanbuildaflewhousenearby. Divorceislegalandeasyto14,butnotcommon.Divorcedpersonsare15withsomedisapproval.Eachspouseretains16propertyheorshe17intothemarriage,andjointly-acquiredpropertyis18equa

5、lly.Divorcedpersonsmayremarry,butagenderprejudice19up.Thedivorcedmaledoesnthaveawaitingperiodbeforehecanremarry20thewomanmustwaitthemonths.1.AbywayofBaswellasConbehalfofDwithregardto2.AadapttoBprovideforCcompetewithDdecideon3.AcloseBrenewCarrangeDpostpone4.AIntheoryBAboveallCIntimeDForexample5.AAlth

6、oughBLestCAfterDUnless6.AintoBwithinCfromDthrough7.AsineBorCbutDso8.AtestBcopyCreciteDcreate9.AfoldingBpilingCwrappingDtying10.AlightingBpassingChidingDserving11.AmeetingBassociationCcollectionDunion12.AgrowBpartCdealDlive13.AwhereasBuntilCforDif14.AobtainBfollowCchallengeDavoid15.AisolatedBpersuade

7、dCviewedDexposed16.AwhereverBhoweverCwheneverDwhatever17.AchangedBbroughtCshapedDpushed18.AdividedBinvestedCdonatedDwithdrawn19.Aclears20.AwhileBwarmsCshowsDbreaksBsowhatConceDinthatSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,Co

8、rD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1France,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion,hasdecideditsfashionindustryhaslostanabsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyforwoman.Itslawmakersgavepreliminaryapprovallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeitacrimetoemployultra-thinmodelsonrunways.Theparliame

9、ntalsoagreedtobanwebsitesthatinciteexcessivethinnessbypromotingextremedieting. Suchmeasureshaveacoupleofupliftingmotives.Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooksthatendupwithimpingingonhealth.Thatsastart.Andthebanonultra-thinmodelsseemstogobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarringthemselvestohealth-assom

10、ehavedone.Ittellsthefashionindustrythatitmovetakeresponsibilityforthesignalitsendswomen,especiallyteenagegirls,aboutthesocialtape-measuretheymustusetodeterminetheirindividualworth.Thebans,iffullyenforced,wouldsuggesttowoman(andmanymen)thattheyshouldnotletothersbeorbitersoftheirbeauty.Andperhapsfaint

11、ly,theyhintthatpeopleshouldlooktointangiblequalitieslikecharacterandintellectratherthandietingtheirwaytosinezeroorwasp-waistphysiques.TheFrenchmeasures,however,relytoomuchonseverepunishmenttochangeaculturethatstillregardsbeautyasskin-deep-andbone-showing.Underthelaw,usingafashionmodelthatdoesnotmeet

12、agovernment-definedindexofbodymesscouldresultina$85,000fineandsixmonthsinprison.Thefashionindustryknowsithasaninherentprobleminfocusingonmaterialadornmentandidealizedbodytypes.InDenmark,theUnitedStates,andafewothercountries,itistryingtosetvoluntarystandardformodelsandfashionimagesthererelymoreonpear

13、pressureforenforcement.IncontrasttoFrancesactions,Denmarksfashionindustryagreedlastmonthonrulesandsanctionsregardingage,health,andothercharacteristicsofmodels.ThenewlyrevisedDanishFashionEthicalcharterclearlystates,weareawareofandtakeresponsibilityfortheimpactthefashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especi

14、allyonyoungpeople.ThechartersmaintollofenforcementistodenyaccessfordesignersandmodelingagenciestoCopenhagen.Fashionweek,whichismenbytheDanishFashionInstitute.Butingeneralitreliesonaname-and-shamemethodofcompliance.Relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthanlawtoaddressthemisuseofbodyidealsmaybethebeststep.

15、Evenbetterwouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeautybeyondthematerialstandardsofaparticularindustry.21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldhappeninFrance?APhysicalbeautywouldberedefinedBNewrunwayswouldbeconstructedCWebsitesaboutdietingwouldthriveDThefashionindustrywoulddecline 22.Thephraseimpingingon(Lin

16、e2Para2)isclosestinmeaningtoAheighteningthevalueofBindicatingthestateofClosingfaithinDdoingharmto23.WhichofthefollowingistrueofthefashionindustryATheFrenchmeasureshavealreadyfailedBNewstandardsarebeingsetinDenmarkCModelsarenolongerunderpeerpressureDItsinherentproblemsaregettingworse24.Adesignerismos

17、tlikelytoberejectedbyCFWforAsettingperfectphysicalconditionsBcaringtoomuchaboutmodelscharacterCshowinglittleconcernforhealthfactorsDpursuingahighagethresholdformodels25.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?AAchallengetotheFashionIndustrysBodyIdealsBADilemmaforthestarvingmodelsinFranceCJustA

18、notherRoundofstruggleforbeautyDTheGreatThreatstotheFashionIndustryText2Forthefirsttimeinthehistorymorepeopleliveintownsthaninthecountry.InBritainthishashadacuriousresult.WhilepollsshowBritonsratethecountrysidealongsidetheroyalfamily.ShakespeareandtheNationalHealthService(NHS)aswhatmakethemproudestof

19、theircountry,thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport.AcenturyagoOctaviaHilllaunchedtheNationalTrustnottorescuestylishhousesbuttosavethebeautyofnaturalplacesforeveryoneforever.Itwasspecificallytoprovidecitydwellerswithspacesforleisurewheretheycouldexperiencearefreshingair.Hillspressurelaterledtothecreationofn

20、ationalparksandgreenbelts.Theydontmakecountrysideanymore,andeveryyearconcreteconsumesmoreofit.Itneedsconstantguardianship.Atthenextelectionnoneofthebigpartiesseemlikelytoendorsethissentiment.TheConservativesplanningreformexplicitlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorityoverconservation,evenauthorizingoff-plan

21、buildingwherelocalpeoplemightobject.Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeendefinedasprofitable.Labourlikewisewantstodiscontinuelocalplanningwherecouncilsopposedevelopment.TheLiberalDemocratsaresilentonlyusensingitschance,hassideswiththosepleadingforamoreconsideredapproachtousinggreenland.Itscampai

22、gntoprotectRuralEnglandstruckterrorintomanylocalconservativeparties. Thesensibleplacetobuildnewhousesfactoriesandofficesiswherepeopleareincitiesandtownswhereinfrastructureisinplace.TheLondonagentsStirlingAckroyedrecentlyidentifiedenoughsitesforhalfofmillionhousesintheLandonareaalonewithnointrusionon

23、greenbelts.WhatistrueofLondoniseventrueroftheprovinces.Theideathathousingcrisisequalsconcretedmeadowsispurelobbytalk.Theissueisnottheneedformorehousesbut,asalways,wheretoputthemunderlobbypressure,GeorgeOsbornefavoursruralnew-buildagainsturbanrenovationandrenewal.Hefavoursout-of-townshoppingsitesagai

24、nsthighstreets.Thisisnotafreemarketbutabiasedone.Ruraltownsandvillageshavegrownandwillalwaysgrow.Theydosobestwherebuildingstickstotheiredgesandrespectstheircharacter.Wedonotruinurbanconservationareas.Whyruinruralones?Developmentshouldbeplanned,notlettrip,AftertheNetherlands,BritainisEuropesmostcrowe

25、dcountry.Halfacenturyoftownandcountryplanninghasenableittoretainanenviableruralcoherence,whilestillpermittinglow-densityurbanliving.Thereisnodoubtofthealternative-thecorruptedlandscapesofsouthernPortugal,SpainorIreland.Avoidingthisratherthanpromotingitshouldunitetheleftandrightofthepoliticalspectrum

26、.26.BritainspublicsentimentaboutthecountrysideAisnotwellreflectedinpoliticsBisfullybackedbytheroyalfamilyCdidntstartfilltheShakespeareanageDhasbroughtmuchbenefittotheNHS27.Accordingtoparagraph2，theachievementsoftheNationalTrustarenowbeingAlargelyovershadowedBproperlyprotectedCeffectivelyreinforcedDg

27、raduallydestroyed28.Whichofthefollowingcanbeofferedfromparagraph3ALabourisunderattackforopposingdevelopmentBTheConservativesmayabandonoff-planbuildingCUkipmaygainfromitssupportforruralconservationDTheLiberalDemocratsarelosingpoliticalinfluence 29.TheauthorholdsthatGeorgeOsbornesspreferenceAshowshisd

28、isregardforthecharacterofruralareaBstressesthenecessityofeasingthehousingcrisisChighlightshisfirmstandagainstlobbypressureDrevealsastrongprejudiceagainsturbanareas30.InthelastparagraphtheauthorshowhisappreciationofAthesizeofpopulationinBritainBtheenviableurbanlifestyleinBritainCthetown-and-countrypl

29、anninginBritainDthepoliticallifeintodaysBritainText3ThereisoneandonlyonesocialresponsibilityofbusinesswroteMiltonFriedman,aNobelPrize-winningeconomistThatis,touseitsresourcesandengageinactivitiesdesignedtoincreaseitsprofits.ButevenifyouacceptFriedmanspremiseandregardcorporatesocialresponsibility(CSR

30、)policiesasawasteofshareholderssmoney,thingsmaynotbeabsolutelyclear-act.NewresearchsuggeststhatCSRmaycreatemonetaryvalueforcompaniesatleastwhentheyareprosecutedforcorruption.ThelargestfirmsinAmericaandBritaintogetherspendmorethan$15billionayearonCSR,accordingtoanestimatebyEPG,aconsultingfirm.Thiscou

31、ldaddvaluetotheirbusinessesinthreeways.First,consumersmaytakeCSRspendingasasignalthatacompanysproductsareofhighquality.Second,customersmaybewillingtobuyacompanysproductsasanindirectmaytodonatetothegoodcausesithelps.Andthird,throughamorediffusehaloeffectwherebyitsgooddeedsearnitgreaterconsiderationfr

32、omconsumersandothers.PreviousstudiesonCSRhavehadtroubledifferentiatingtheseeffectsbecauseconsumerscanbeaffectedbyallthree.ArecentstudyattemptstoseparatethembylookingatbriberyprosecutionsunderAmericansForeignCorruptPracticesAct（FCPA）.Itarguesthatsinceprosecutorsdonotconsumeacompanysproductsaspartofth

33、eirinvestigations，theycouldbeinfluencedonlybythehaloeffect.Thestudyfoundthat，amongprosecutedfirms，thosewiththemostcomprehensiveCSRprogrammestendedtogetmorelenientpenalties.Theiranalysisruledoutthepossibilitythatitwasfirmspoliticalinfluence,ratherthantheirCSRstand,thataccountedfortheleniency:Companie

34、sthatcontributedmoretopoliticalcampaignsdidnotreceivelowerfines.Inall,thestudyconcludesthatwhereasprosecutorsshouldonlyevaluateacasebasedonitsmerits,theydoseemtobeinfluencedbyacompanysrecordinCSR.Weestimatethateithereliminatingasubstantiallabour-rightsconcern,suchaschildlabour,orincreasingcorporateg

35、ivingbyabout20%resultinfinesthatgenerallyare40%lowerthanthetypicalpunishmentforbribingforeignofficials.saysoneresearcher. ResearchersadmitthattheirstudydoesnotanswerthequestionathowmuchbusinessesoughttospendonCSR.Nordoesitrevealhowmuchcompaniesarebankingonthehaloeffect,ratherthantheotherpossiblebene

36、fits,whentheycompaniesgetintotroublewiththelaw,evidenceofgoodcharactercanwinthemalesscostlypunishment.31.TheauthorviewsMiltonFriedmansstatementaboutCSRwithAuncertaintyBskepticismCapprovalDtolerance32.AccordingtoParagraph2,CSRhelpsacompanybyAguardingitagainstmalpracticesBprotectingitfromconsumersCwin

37、ningtrustfromconsumers.Draisingthequalityofitsproducts33.Theexpressionmorelenient(line2,Para.4)isclosestinmeaningtoAlesscontroversialBmorelastingCmoreeffectiveDlesssevere34.Whenprosecutorsevaluateacase,acompanysCSRrecordAcomesacrossasreliableevidenceBhasanimpactontheirdecisionCincreasesthechanceofbe

38、ingpenalizedDconstitutespartoftheinvestigation35.WhichofthefollowingistrueofCSRaccordingtothelastparagraph?AThenecessaryamountofcompaniesspendingonitisunknownBCompaniesfinancialcapacityforithasbeenoverestimatedCItsnegativeeffectsonbusinessesareoftenoverlookedDIthasbroughtmuchbenefittothebankingindus

39、tryText4TherewilleventuallycomeadaywhenTheNewYorkTimesceasestopublishstoriesonnewsprint.Exactlywhenthatdaywillbeisamatterofdebate.Sometimeinthefuture,thepaperspublishersaidbackin2023.Nostalgiaforinkonpaperandtherustleofpagesaside,theresplentyofincentivetoditchprint.Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicalnewspaper-printingpresses,deliverytrucks-isntjustexpensive;itsexcessiveatatimewhenonline-onlycompetitorsdonthavethesamesetoffinancialconstraints.Readersaremigratingawayfromprintanyway.And