2022年分式全章复习与巩固导学案习题 .pdf
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1、分式全章复习与巩固(基础)【学习目标】1.理解分式的概念,能求出使分式有意义、分式无意义、分式值为0 的条件.2了解分式的基本性质,掌握分式的约分和通分法则3掌握分式的四则运算4结合分式的运算,将指数的讨论范围从正整数扩大到全体整数,构建和发展相互联系的知识体系5结合分析和解决实际问题,讨论可以化为一元一次方程的分式方程,掌握这种方程的解法,体会解方程中的化归思想【知识网络】【要点梳理】要点一、分式的有关概念及性质1分式一般地,如果A、B 表示两个整式,并且B 中含有字母,那么式子AB叫做分式.其中 A叫做分子,B叫做分母.要点诠释:分式中的分母表示除数,由于除数不能为0,所以分式的分母不能为
2、0,即当 B0 时,分式AB才有意义.2.分式的基本性质(M为不等于0 的整式).3最简分式分子与分母没有公因式的分式叫做最简分式.如果分子分母有公因式,要进行约分化简.要点二、分式的运算1约分利用分式的基本性质,把一个分式的分子和分母的公因式约去,不改变分式的值,这样的分式变形叫做分式的约分.2通分利用分式的基本性质,使分子和分母同乘适当的整式,不改变分式的值,把异分母的分式化为同分母的分式,这样的分式变形叫做分式的通分3基本运算法则分式的运算法则与分数的运算法则类似,具体运算法则如下:(1)加减运算ababccc;同分母的分式相加减,分母不变,把分子相加减.;异分母的分式相加减,先通分,变
3、为同分母的分式,再加减.(2)乘法运算a cacb dbd,其中abcd、是整式,0bd.两个分式相乘,把分子相乘的积作为积的分子,把分母相乘的积作为积的分母.(3)除法运算aca dadbdb cbc,其中abcd、是整式,0bcd.两个分式相除,把除式的分子和分母颠倒位置后,与被除式相乘.(4)乘方运算分式的乘方,把分子、分母分别乘方.4零指数.5.负整数指数6.分式的混合运算顺序先算乘方,再算乘除,最后加减,有括号先算括号里面的.要点三、分式方程1分式方程的概念分母中含有未知数的方程叫做分式方程2分式方程的解法解分式方程的关键是去分母,即方程两边都乘以最简公分母将分式方程转化为整式方程3
4、分式方程的增根问题增根的产生:分式方程本身隐含着分母不为0 的条件,当把分式方程转化为整式方程后,方程中未知数允许取值的范围扩大了,如果转化后的整式方程的根恰好使原方程中分母的值为 0,那么就会出现不适合原方程的根增根.要点诠释:因为解分式方程可能出现增根,所以解分式方程必须验根验根的方法是将所得的根带入到最简公分母中,看它是否为0,如果为0,即为增根,不为0,就是原方程的解.要点四、分式方程的应用列分式方程解应用题与列一元一次方程解应用题类似,但要稍复杂一些 解题时应抓住“找等量关系、恰当设未知数、确定主要等量关系、用含未知数的分式或整式表示未知量”等关键环节,从而正确列出方程,并进行求解.
5、【典型例题】类型一、分式及其基本性质文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2
6、ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C
7、2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3
8、文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:C
9、D10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q
10、9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8
11、HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X31、在mayxxyxxxx1,3,3,)1(,21,12中,分式的个数是()A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5【答案】C;【解析】211
12、31x xaxxxym,是分式.【总结升华】判断分式的依据是看分母中是否含有字母,如果含有字母则是分式,如果不含有字母则不是分式2、当x为何值时,分式293xx的值为 0?【思路点拨】先求出使分子为0 的字母的值,再检验这个值是否使分母的值等于0,当它使分母的值不等于0 时,这个值就是要求的字母的值【答案与解析】解:要使分式的值为0,必须满足分子等于0 且分母不等于0由题意,得290,30.xx解得3x当3x时,分式293xx的值为 0【总结升华】分式的值为0 的条件是:分子为0,且分母不为0,即只有在分式有意义的前提下,才能考虑分式值的情况.举一反三:【变式】(1)若分式的值等于零,则x_;
13、(2)当x_时,分式没有意义【答案】(1)由24x0,得2x.当x2 时x20,所以x 2;(2)当10 x,即x1 时,分式没有意义类型二、分式运算3、计算:2222132(1)441xxxxxxx【答案与解析】解:222222132(1)(1)1(2)(1)(1)441(2)(1)1xxxxxxxxxxxxxx文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L
14、8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z
15、3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y
16、2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T
17、6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10
18、X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码
19、:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G
20、4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X322(1)(2)(1)xxx【总结升华】本题有两处易错:一是不按运算顺序运算,把2(1)x和2321xxx先约分;二是将(1)x和(1)x约分后的结果错认为是1 因此正确掌握运算顺序与符号法则是解题的关键举一反三:【变式】计算:(1)332212bbaaab;(2)2224222aaaaaa;(3)6333aaaaaa【答案】解:(1)3322326331122bbbbaaabaaa b268233322baa ba bab;(2)2222244(
21、2)(2)222(2)222aaaaaaaaaaaa aaaa(2)2aaaa;(3)6333aaaaaa(3)(3)3(3)(3)6a aa aaaaa63(3)(3)6aaaaa13a4、计算:(1)523 1010;(2)134139m npmnp;(3)22223aabb;(4)1322233(3)(2)(3)mnm nm n文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:C
22、D10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q
23、9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8
24、HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N
25、2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2 ZS2T6C2P10X3文档编码:CD10G4Q9R2L8 HP1Z3N2F5Y2
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