2023年考研英语阅读真题全文翻译及答案.doc

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1、 考研英语(一)阅读真题全文翻译及答案（七绝俗手版） -01-1621-25 CBDBA26-30 BDCAC31-35 DCBAA36-40 CDADB41-45 BDACFSection IIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, , C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of t

2、he New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in . For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober

3、-sided classical-music critic。 纽约交响乐团忽然宣告聘用艾伦吉尔伯特为下一位乐曲指挥，从那时起一直到现在，这次任命所有成为古典音乐界话题。退一步说，从总体上看，反映还是不错。如冷静古典音乐评论家安东尼托姆西尼就这么写：从长时间来看，这次委命是英明。One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert

4、s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him。” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least som

5、e Times readers as faint praise。然而，这次任命还是令人意外。因素之一在于吉乐伯特名声相对较小。就连那时主张雇用吉尔伯特托姆西尼，也称吉尔伯特其貌不扬，缺少一位令人敬仰指挥大师气质。作为对这个很牛管弦乐队（牛表现：到现在为止一直被牛人领导着）下一任指挥家描述，这种描述跟虚浮赞扬同样，的确会令最少一部分泰晤士报读者认为愕然不解（让她们认为不可思议）。For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs a

6、n impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes。就我见解而言，我不知道吉尔伯特是不是一

7、位伟大指挥家，甚至连她是不是算好指挥家也不敢拟定。可以确信是，即使她表演了很多令人印象深刻有趣乐曲。然而，我不需要访问Avery Fisher Hall（也许是纽约交响乐团所在地，即吉尔伯特表演之所），或其它地方才干听到有趣管弦乐。（作者意思是，不需要听吉尔伯特，四处可以听到有趣管弦乐。）我所做，只需要到我CD棚里去，随便打开我电脑，从ITUNES上就可下载比那（当指吉尔伯特表演）多得多类似音乐。Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing th

8、e point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are

9、cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than todays live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listeners choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditio

10、nal classical concert。对于唱片，那些专门参与音乐会人会说，现场表演是不可替换。她们显然忽略了一个关键点。为了替音乐爱好者节省时间、精力、金钱考虑，古典乐曲表演表不仅要在多种表演场合进行竞争，还要在记录这些行为媒介上竞争。记在唱片上表演比现场表演更便宜，更易得，甚至质量更加好。并且它们消费时间地点可以任由听者选择。所以，这种唱片广泛应用，给传统音乐会带来了生存危机。One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet availabl

11、e on record. Gilberts own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization。” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding t

12、he orchestras repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between Americas oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract。一个也许应对方法（解决措施）是古典音乐表演者发明有吸引力从唱片上听不到曲子。吉尔伯特在新音乐方面投入了自己爱好，这已广被人知：如古典音乐评论家罗斯就把吉尔伯特描述成一个可以扭转交响乐方向

13、人，认为她把交响乐带进了一个显著不同样更有活力天地。但是，这种“不同样”实质是什么呢？仅仅扩展交响乐节目是不够。吉尔伯特和交响乐要想取得成功，必需一方面改变美国旧管弦乐和它们想吸引新听众之间关系。21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilberts appointment hasAincurred criticism。raised suspicion。Creceived acclaim。Daroused curiosity。22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who isAinfluential。modest。Cresp

14、ectable。Dtalented。23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoersAignore the expenses of live performances。reject most kinds of recorded performances。Cexaggerate the variety of live performances。Doverestimate the value of live performances。24. According to the text, which of the following is t

15、rue of recordings?AThey are often inferior to live concerts in quality。They are easily accessible to the general public。CThey help improve the quality of music。DThey have only covered masterpieces。25. Regarding Gilberts role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feelsAdoubtful。enthusiastic。Cc

16、onfident。Dpuzzled。Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company。” Broadcasting his amb

17、ition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.当列姆麦克杰八月份从美国银行任上离职时，她解释的确令人意外。和通常会用模糊理由不同样是，她直率地说，她离开是为了找一家公司当管理者，而那是她历来就有追求。她说，作出这一选择纯属个人因素。两周之内，她

18、和哈佛财务服务集团董事会实现了初次会谈，这一集团在9月29日聘她担任CEO。McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isnt alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and Ameri

19、can Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who dont get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronou

20、ncements cloud their reputations。麦克杰说，她离开时并没有拟定目的，这使她得以思考自己到底想管理什么样公司。这同时也可以让她向外界展示自己魄力。无独有偶（并不只有她才有这种雄心）。最近几周，雅芳公司和美国联邦快递公司第二实行官所有离开自己公司，她们解释所有是想当CEO。由于股东施压，董事会需要审查继承人方案，还没有被准许离开这几位实行官肯定盼望事情早点出来结果。商业环境复杂异常，这使得高级经理人员不愿用模糊申明来损害自己名声。As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may

21、be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders。随着经济开始出现复苏迹象，这些盼望离任者也许在还没有找到下家时就跳槽

22、。依据“登记册”研究机构报告，在第三季度，CEO营业额从一年前开始下降了23%，把那些紧跟在这些领导人身后董事会也弄得神经兮兮。由于经济复苏，那些有抱负领导人将大有机会。The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poach

23、ed. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I cant think of a single search Ive done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first。”放弃高级职位去寻求更加好职位，这种决定是非同平常，过去可不常见。数年来，实行官和猎头们所有坚持认为，最佳CEO候选人需要去挖她人墙角才干得到（而不是那些积极离开原岗位人）。某某猎头说，当董事会还没有委托我先去找一个还在任上CEO时，我不能去考虑那些我在网上一搜就有人。Those who

24、 jumped without a job havent always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade ago, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in with ambitions to be a CEO

25、. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later。那些没有工作去向就跳槽人不会总是不久找到抱负岗位。十年前爱伦马拉姆从T公司领导人位子上退下，也是为了当一个CEO。一年前她才成为一家小型电子交易所领导人。罗伯特在 为了当CEO而离开，她最终在一家关键财务机构找到这种工作是在三年以后。Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more

26、 acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was its safer to stay where you are, but thats been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people whove been hurt the worst are those whove stayed too long。”很多招聘人表达，对于那些最佳演员来说，旧耻辱正在淡忘。财务危机使得在两个工作机会之间进行选择或离开更坏工作这么

27、行为变得可以接受。 “传统规则是，最佳呆在你本来地方，但现在这种规则被从主线上颠覆了。” 一个猎头说，“在一个地方呆得越久，就越容易受损。”26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as beingAarrogant。frank。Cself-centered。Dimpulsive。27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives quitting may be spurred byAtheir expectation of better fina

28、ncial status。their need to reflect on their private life。Ctheir strained relations with the boards。Dtheir pursuit of new career goals。28. The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably meansAapproved of。attended to。Chunted for。Dguarded against。29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph t

29、hatAtop performers used to cling to their posts。loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated。Ctop performers care more about reputations。Dits safer to stick to the traditional rules。30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?ACEOs: Where to Go?CEOs: All the Way Up?CTop Managers Jump

30、 without a NetDThe Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media such as television commercials and print advertisements still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternat

31、ive forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media。在过去，销售成功基础法则是：种瓜得瓜，一分耕耘一分收获。现在不同样了。传

32、统付出方法（媒介，指公司付钱给电视台做广告或报社做报刊广告）电视购物和印刷广告即使仍占关键地位，但是现在公司可以开发出更多替换这些媒介形式。对产品有热情用户也许通过给在自己网站上注册用户发相关产品和商品电邮提醒，来建立自己媒介。这么用户现在靠近了宽广媒介因素，这些因素超越了传统付费媒介。Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users responses. B

33、ut in some cases, one marketers owned media become another marketers paid media for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that

34、 environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and eve

35、n competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned。付费并占有媒介，是被想促销自己产品商

36、人控制。而对于白捡媒介（无偿媒介报道）而言，这种商人角色仅是作为响应用户需求第一环（直接面对用户不是她们）。但是在部分案例中，一个商人拥有媒介成为另一个商人付费媒介（但有时候，促销产品商人也直接面对用户，即把她人占有媒介临时变成自己占有媒介）。比如，当一个电子商务零售商在自己网站上出售广告空间时，就是如此。我们把这种出售媒介定义为拥有媒介。这种（出售空间式）拥有媒介是如此强大普遍，以致于其它团队把她们盼望（满意；内容；电子商务发动机）寄托在这种环境中。这种（寄托）趋势即使仍然在婴儿期，但我们相信这种从零售商和旅行提供商（如航空公司、旅馆）有效起步趋势会越来越强劲。比如强生建立了一个婴儿中心，这

37、是一个杰出媒介资产，可用于推销提高配套产品，包含那些有竞争力产品。除了带来利润，除了由于其它商人到场可以使这个地方显得客观可信，和给各个公司有机会了解相关其它公司需求有价值信息，还能有助于拓展所有公司所有关心用户交易。The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice thei

38、r opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance

39、, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them。这类戏剧性技术革新给商人带来数量越来越多（种类也越来越多）通信机会同时，也同样会提高风险。由于热情用户会更加快、更形象、更有破坏力地表达自己反对，这种被绑架媒介，和上述无偿运用媒介背道而驰（不是商人所盼望出现）。此时，媒介就像人质同样，成为敌人可用财产或建议一次行动（敌人有用户、其它竞争对手、对某商标或产品一直没有好话社会活动家）。比如，社会网络中成员正在意识到她们可以绑架媒介，来对

40、建立媒介那些商人施加压力。If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the companys response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for examp

41、le, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Dig。假如这种事情发生了，热情用户就会努力劝说其它人抵制产品，使得目的公司声名

42、处在危险之中。此时，公司反映往往不会足够快，也不会足够理性，学习曲线将会变得很陡（学习曲线是表达单位产品生产时间和所生产产品总数量之间关系一条曲线。通常情况下，产品总量越大，单个产品生产时间越短。也可以表达工人一定期间所犯错误数量和练习时间关系，通常练习时间越长，单位时间内错误越少。这里曲线陡时大约表达相同产量规模下，现在比本来单个产品所消耗资源更多，或说相同练习限度下，一定期间错误更多。总而言之，是比本来更糟糕了）。比如丰田汽车，今年早些时候通过相对来说较快和精心策划行动从车辆召回危机中把损尽也许降下来，丰田行动包含努力请用户进土威特这么地方，挖掘社会新闻运用等等。31.Consumers

43、may create “earned” media when they areA obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites。B inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them。C eager to help their friends promote quality products。D enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products。32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media fe

44、atureA a safe business environment。B random competition。C strong user traffic。D flexibility in organization。33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned mediaA invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers。B can be used to produce negative effects in marketing。C may be responsible for f

45、iercer competition。D deserve all the negative comments about them。34. Toyota Motors experience is cited as an example ofA responding effectively to hijacked media。B persuading customers into boycotting products。C cooperating with supportive consumers。D taking advantage of hijacked media。35. Which of

46、 the following is the text mainly about ?A Alternatives to conventional paid media。B Conflict between hijacked and earned media。C Dominance of hijacked media。D Popularity of owned media。Text 4Its no surprise that Jennifer Seniors insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I H

47、ate My Life,” is arousing much chatter nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the momen