2020年武汉科技大学620外国语专业综合考研真题（B卷）.doc

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1、2020年武汉科技大学620外国语专业综合考研真题（B卷）(总分：75.00，做题时间：180分钟)一、复合题(总题数：2，分数：0.00)1.GrowupColoredAYouwouldntknowPiedmontanymoremyPiedmont,ImeanthetowninWestVirginiawherelearnedtobeacoloredboy.BThe1950sinPiedmontwasatimetoremember,oratleasttome.PeoplewerealwaysproudtobefromPiedmontlyingatthefootofamountain,onthe

2、banksofthemightyPotomac.WeknewGodgaveAmericanomorebeautifullocation.Ineverknewcoloredpeopleanywherewhowerecrazieraboutmountainsandwater,flowersandtrees,fishingandhunting.Foraslongasanyonecouldremember,wecouldouthunt,outshoot,andoutswimthewhiteboysinthevalley.CThesocialstructureofPiedmontwassomething

3、weknewlikethebackofourhands.Itwasanimmigranttown;whitePiedmontwasItalianandIrish,withahandfulofwealthyWASPsonEastHampshireStreet，and“ethnic”neighborhoodsofworking-classpeopleeverywhereelse,coloredandwhite.DForaslongasanyonecanremember,PiedmontscharacterhasbeencompletelyboundupwiththeWestvacopapermil

4、l:itsprosperouspastanddoubtfulfuture.Atfirstglance,thetownisatypicaldyingmillcenter.Manyoncebeautifulbuildingsstandempty,evidencingabygonetimeofspiritandpride.ThebighousesonEastHampshireStreetarenolongerproud,astheywerewhenIwasakid.ELiketheItaliansandtheIrish,mostofthecoloredpeoplemigratedtoPiedmont

5、attheturnofthe20thcenturytoworkatthepapermill,whichopenedin1888.Allthecoloredmenatthepapermillworkedon“theplatform”loadingpaperintotruckuntilthecraftunionswerefinallyintegratedin1968.LoadingiswhatDaddydideveryworkingdayofhislife.Thatswhatalmosteverycoloredgrown-upIknewdid.FColoredpeoplelivedinthreen

6、eighborhoodsthatwereclearlyseparated.WelcometotheColoredZone,alargestretchedbannercouldhavesaid.Anditfeltgoodinthere,likewalkingaroundyourhouseinbarefeetandunderwear，orsnoringrightoutloudonthecouchinfrontoftheTV-envelopedbythecomfortsofhome,thewarmthofthoseyoulove.GOfcourse,thecoloredworldwasnotsomu

7、chaneighborhoodasaconditionofexistence.Andthoughourownworldwasseeminglyself-contained,itimpactedonthewhiteworldofPiedmontinalmosteverydirection.Certainly,thebordersofourworldseemedtobeimpactedonwhensomewhitemanorwomanshowedupwhereheorshedidnotbelong,suchasattheblackLegionHall.Ourspacewasviolatedwhen

8、oneofthemshowedupatadanceoraparty.Therhythmswouldbeoff.Themusicwouldsoundnotquiteright.Everybodywouldleaveearly.HBefore1955,mostwhitepeoplewerejustshadowypresencesinourworld,vaguefiguresofpowerlikeremotebossesatthemillorclerksatthebank.Therewereexceptions,ofcourse,thewhitepeoplewhowouldcomeintoourwo

9、rldinroutine,everydaywaysweallunderstood.Mr.MailMan,Mr.InsuranceMan,Mr.White-and-ChocolateMilkMan,Mr.LandlordManMr.PoliceMan:wecalledwhitepeoplebytheirtrade,likecharactersinamysteryplay.Mr.InsuranceManwouldcomebyeveryotherweektocollectpaymentsoncollegeordeathpolicies,sometimes50centsorless.I“itsnodi

10、sgracetobecolored,”theblackentertainerBertWilliamsfamouslyobservedearlyinthecentury,“butitisawfullyinconvenient.”Formostofmychildhood,wecouldnteatinrestaurantsorsleepinhotels,wecouldntusecertainbathroomsortryonclothesinstores.Mamainsistedthatwedressupwhenwewenttoshop.Shewascarefullydressedwhenshewen

11、ttoclothingstores,andworewhitepadscalledshieldsunderherarmssoherdressorblousewouldshownosweat.“Wedliketotrythison,”shedsaycarefully,utteringherwordspreciselyandproperly.“Wedontbuyclotheswecanttryon,”shedsaywhentheydeclined,andwedwalkoutinMamasdignifiedmanner，Shepreferredtoshopwherewehadanaccountandw

12、hereeveryoneknewwhoshewas.JAttheCut-RateDrugStore,ononecoloredwasallowedtositdownatthecounterortables,withoneexception:myfather.IdontknowforcertainwhyCarDadisman,theowner,wouldntstopDaddyfromsittingdown.ButIbelieveitwasinpartbecauseDaddywassolight-colored,andinpartbecause,duringhisshiftatthephonecom

13、pany,hepickedupordersforfoodandcoffeefortheoperators.Coloredpeopleweresupposedtostandatthecounter,gettheirfoodtogo,andleave.EvenwhenYoungDocBesswouldsetupthebasketballteamwithfreeCokesafteroneofmanyvictories,thecoloredplayershadtostandaroundanddrinkoutofpapercupswhilethewhiteplayersandcheerleaderssa

14、tdownincomfortablechairsanddrankoutofglasses.KIcouldnthavebeenmucholderthanfiveorsixasIsatwithmyfatherattheCut-Rateoneafternoon,enjoyingicecream.Mr.Wilson,astony-facedIrishman,walkedby.“Hello,Mr.Wilson,”myfathersaid.“Hello,George.”LIwasgenuinelypuzzled.Mr.Wilsonmusthaveconfusedmyfatherwithsomebodyel

15、se,butwho?TherewerentanyGeorgesamongthecoloredpeopleinPiedmont.“Whydontyoutellhimyourname,Daddy?”Iaskedloudly.“YournameisntGeorge.”“Heknowsmyname,boy,”myfathersaidafteralongpause.“HecallsallcoloredpeopleGeorge.”MIknewwewouldnttalkaboutitagain;evenatthatage,Iwasgiventounderstandthatthereweresomesubje

16、ctsitdidntdotoworrytodeathabout.NowthatIhavechildren,IrealizethatwhatdistressedmyfatherwasntsomuchtheMr.Wilsonsoftheworldasthepainfulobligationtoexplaintheracialfactsoflifetosomeonewhohadntquitelearnedthemyet.MaybeMr.WilsoncouldnthurtmyfatherbycallinghimGeorge;butIhurthimbyaskingtoknowwhy.（分数：1.00）(

17、1).The author felt as a boy that his life in a separated neighborhood was casual and cozy.（分数：0.10）_正确答案：(F)解析：无(2).There is every sign of decline at the paper mill now.（分数：0.10）_正确答案：(D)解析：无(3).One reason the authors father could sit and eat at the drug store was that he didnt look that dark.（分数：0.

18、10）_正确答案：(J)解析：无(4).Piedmont was a town of immigrants from different parts of the world.（分数：0.10）_正确答案：(C)解析：无(5).In spite of the awful inconveniences caused by racial prejudice, the authors family managed to live a life of dignity.（分数：0.10）_正确答案：(I)解析：无(6).The author later realized he had caused gr

19、eat distress to his father by asking why he was wrongly addressed.（分数：0.10）_正确答案：(M)解析：无(7).The author took pride in being from Piedmont because of its natural beauty.（分数：0.10）_正确答案：(B)解析：无(8).Colored people called white people by the business they did.（分数：0.10）_正确答案：(H)解析：无(9).Colored people who li

20、ved in Piedmont did heavy manual jobs at the paper mill.（分数：0.10）_正确答案：(E)解析：无(10).The colored people felt uneasy at the presence of the whites in their neighborhoods.（分数：0.10）_正确答案：(G)解析：无2.DidBirdsEvolvefromDinosaurs?Para.1Inthemid-1800s,scientistsdiscoveredthecompleteskeletonofadinosaurcalledArch

21、aeopteryxlithographica.Thecreature,whichmighthavegrowntoamaximumsizeofaboutoneandahalffeet,wasthoughttohavelivedapproximately150millionyearsagoand,curiously,hadfeaturesthatresemblednotonlydinosaurs，butmodernbirdsaswell.Forinstance,whileithadsharpteethandabonytaillikethedinosaursofitstime,italsohadwi

22、ngsandfeatherslikemodernbirds.Despitethesesimilaritiestobirds,thegeneralconsensuswithinthescientificcommunitywasthattheclosestlivingrelativesofdinosaurswerereptiles,likelizardsandalligators.Itwasntuntil1969,whenpaleontologistsdiscoveredthefossilsofadinosaurcalledDeinonychusantirrhopus,thatthedebatea

23、boutwhetherornotbirdsevolvedfromdinosaurswasreopened.Para.2Themainproblemwiththetheorylinkingdinosaurstomodernbirdswhichwasalsothemainsupportforargumentsthatreptileswere,infact,theclosestlivingancestorsofdinosaurswasthebeliefthatdinosaursdidnothavefurculae,orwishbones.Themainfunctionofthisfork-shape

24、dbone,whichislocatedatthebaseoftheneckonbirds,istoreinforcetheskeletonagainstthemanystressesofflight.However,fossilevidencefoundinrecentyearshasrevealedthatmanydinosaursdidindeedhavefurculae.Forexample,thedinosaursintheDromaeosauridaefamily,agroupofbird-likedinosaurs,areallbelievedtohavehadfurculae.

25、Thisdiscoverycontradictsthetheorythatthebonesareuniquetobirds.Para.3Inadditiontotheobservationoffurculaeindinosaurfossils,paleontologistshaveidentifiedanumberofotherstructuralsimilaritiesbetweenbirdsanddinosaurs.Forexample,comparisonsbetweentheskeletonsofbirdsandthoseofdinosaurslikeVelociraptormongo

26、liensisandDeinonychusrevealthatbirdsanddinosaurssharemanyuniqueskeletalfeatures.Forinstance,Velociraptorfossilsshowthatthecreaturesfrontlimbs,theconstructionofwhichwouldhavepresumablyallowedforgreatflexibility,aresimilartothoseofmodernbirds.Ontheotherhand,nosuchlikenessesexistbetweendinosaursandearl

27、yreptiles.Para.4Suchevidenceofstructuralsimilaritiesisonlyoneofmanyreasonsthatpaleontologistsnowgenerallyagreethatbirdsevolvedfromdinosaurs.Anothercompellingpieceofevidenceisthepresenceoffeathersinbothorganisms.FossilsofArchaeopteryx,whichmanyexpertsnowconsidertobebothadinosaurandabird,featureimprin

28、tsoffeathersthatcloselyresemblethosefoundonmodernbirds.SincethediscoveryofArchacopteryx,paleontologistshavediscoveredfossilsdemonstratingthatanumberofotherdinosaursthatwerelikelyrelatedtoArchacopteryxalsohadfeathers.Furthermore,eventhefossilsofdinosaursthatwerenotrelatedtoArchaeopteryx,suchasTyranno

29、saurusrex,havebeenfoundtohavelongfeather-likestructuresthatarecommonlyreferredtoasprotofeathers,Accordingtomanypaleontologists,themainfunctionofprotofeatherswastoinsulatedinosaursfromcoldtemperatures,nottoassistwithflight,whichaccountsforwhymanyflightlessdinosaursmayhavehadthem.Becausenootheranimals

30、besidesdinosaursandbirdshavebeenfoundtohavefeathers,scientistsbelievethattheexistenceoffeathersisastrongindicationthatthetwoanimalsaredirectlyrelated.Para.5Paleontologistshavealsofoundevidencethatlungsofdinosaurswereshapedsimilarlytobirdslungs.Mostanimals,includingprimates,lizards,andfrogs,havelungs

31、withtwocompartments.However,birdshaveextraairsacsinfrontofandbehindtheirlungsthatallowthemtokeeptheirlungsinflatedconstantly.Studiesofdinosaurskeletonsindicatethatsomedinosaursalsohadlungswithextrachambers.Likethesimilaritiesinskeletalstructuresandtheexistenceoffeathersinbothgroups,thefactthatonlybi

32、rdsanddinosaurshavetheseextralungchambersrevealsthatbirdsprobablyevolvedfromdinosaursandarethustheirclosestlivingrelatives.（分数：1.00）(1).In paragraph 1, the author mentions wings and feathers in order to_.（分数：0.10）A.point out features shared by Archaeopteryx and modern birdsB.explain the small size o

33、f Archaeopteryx fossilsC.argue that Archaeopteryx was most likely a bird and not a dinosaurD.describe what Archaeopteryx probably looked like解析：无(2).The word consensus in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _ .（分数：0.10）A.questionB.debateC.evidenceD.agreement解析：无(3).Which of the following best expre

34、sses the essential information in the underlined sentence in paragraph 2? Incorrect answer options change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.（分数：0.10）A.The idea that dinosaurs did not have wishbones was the chief difficulty in proving that modern birds were related to d

35、inosaurs.B.Many people believed that reptiles were the closest living ancestors of dinosaurs because, like dinosaurs, they do not have furculae.C.The main reason that scientists couldnt link modern birds and dinosaurs was because they could not find furculae in most modern bird species.D.Dinosaurs p

36、resumed lack of wishbones made people think that birds, not reptiles, were their closest living ancestors.解析：无(4).The word reinforce in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：0.10）A.prepareB.strengthenC.protectD.extend解析：无(5).The discovery of dinosaur fossils with furculae was important because

37、it_.（分数：0.10）A.indicated that several bird species had already evolved during the time of dinosaursB.proved that many reptilian animals, including dinosaurs, had furculaeC.cast doubt on the theory that reptiles were the closest living relatives of dinosaursD.helped scientists determine the purpose o

38、f furculae in non-bird species解析：无(6).What can be inferred about dinosaurs in the Dromaeosauridae family?（分数：0.10）A.They were closely related to Archaeopteryx.B.They were able to fly.C.They were the only dinosaurs that had furculae.D.They were small compared to other dinosaurs.解析：无(7).The word those

39、 in paragraph 3 refers to_ .（分数：0.10）A.Velociraptor fossilsB.front limbsC.likenessesD.early reptiles解析：无(8).The word compelling in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：0.10）A.persuasiveB.conflictingC.recentD.sufficient.解析：无(9).According to paragraph 4, what is true about protofeathers?（分数：0.10

40、）A.They were likely the type of feathers that Archaeopteryx had.B.Only bird-like dinosaurs had them.C.They probably helped dinosaurs stay warm.D.Some modern birds have been found to have them.解析：无(10).According to paragraph 5, what do primates and lizards have in common?（分数：0.10）A.They have a more elaborate lung structure than dinosaurs did.B.They are able to keep the