2022年高中英语介词知识点大汇总.docx
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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高中英语介词学问点大汇总介词的英语全称为 “preposition 是由“前缀 pre-在 前部 +position位置 ”构成的,所以又叫前置词;一般放在名词、代词或动名词的前面;介词是虚词,主要用来表示人、物、大事等与其他人、物、大事之间的关系,如空间位置、时间先后、因果关系、方式方法等;介词与其宾语构成介词短语;可作介词宾语的主要出名词、代词、动名词或动名词短语、名词性从句等;一. 介词的分类名师归纳总结 分类特点例词第 1 页,共 9 页简洁介词即一个介词about, across, after, against, among, aro
2、und, at, below, beyond, during, in, on 等等;合成介词由两个介词构成的合成词into, onto, throughout, upon, within 短语介词由短语构成according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to等等;双重介词由两个介词搭配而成from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between等等;分词介词由现在分词转化而来considering就 而论 , including,regard
3、ing,concerning等;兼类介词由形容词直接转化而来like, unlike, near, next, opposite等等;- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 二. 介词短语的语法功能 介词不能独立在句中做成份, 介词后必需与名词、 代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分,表示人、 物、大事等与其它人、物、大事等之间的关系;介词短语的功能例句t find the solution to the problem. 作定语They didn We have breakfast at seven.表时间作状语They were late for
4、 the meeting because of the heavy rain.表缘由What do you mean by doing such a thing.表方法Nothing in the world could live without air or water. 表条件作表语 When I paid a visit to you yesterday, you were not at home. 作宾语补足语 I found the old building in a bad condition. 三. 表示相同或相像概念的介词短语的区分名师归纳总结 表示的概念介词短语区别例子第 2
5、 页,共 9 页时间 in at 在一个时间点上;at 8 oclock, at noon on in the 1990s, in January in 在一段时间之内;at - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - on 在详细某一天或详细的上午、下午、晚上;on Monday, on a warm morning since since 指从过去到现在的一段时间,和完成时连We have not seen each other since 1995. 用;from I hope to do morning exercises from today. fro
6、m 指从时间的某一点开头;in 指在一段时间之后,用于一般将来时,也可in, 以指一段时间之内 =within ;Well be back in three days.after after 表示某一详细时间点之后,用于一般过去After seven the rain began to fall. 时;in the end 作“最终”、“最终 ”解,单独作句子成分,In the end they reached a place of safety. 名师归纳总结 位置in the end 后不接介词 of;At the end of the road stands a beautiful 第
7、3 页,共 9 页at the end of at the end of 表示 “在 末梢 ”,“到 终点 ”,garden. 既可指时间,也可以指地上或物体;不行单独They decided to have an English evening at by the end of 使用;the end of this week. by the end of 作“在 终止时 ”,“到 末By the end of last month he had finished the between 为止 ”解,只能指时间;不行单独使用;novel. 一般说来, between表示两者之间;You are
8、 to sit between your father and me. among among 用于三者或三者以上之间;He is always happy among his classmates. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Agreements were made between the 留意:但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西,强调的是两两相互间接关系时、在谈到一些事物或一组事物, 而把它们视为分居两边时以及在谈事物间的差异时,要用 between;different countries. The little valley lies b
9、etween high mountains. They dont know the difference between wheat, rice and coin. in in 表示在某范畴内;Changchun is in the northeast of China. on on 指与什么毗邻;Mongolia is on the north of China. Japan is to the east of China. to to 指在某范畴之外;There is a book on the piece of paper. on on 只表示在某物的外表上,而用in 表示占去某物一Th
10、ere is an interesting article in the 部分;newspaper. in He dug a hole in the wall. 名师归纳总结 in in 通常表示位置静态;与 onWe walked in the park. 第 4 页,共 9 页 into into 表示动向,不表示目的地或位置;We walked into the park. through Water flows through the pipe. through 表示从内部通过,与in 有关;across就表示从一端至另一端在外表上的通过, across The old man wal
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