2022年高考英语一轮复习语法专题第三部分句法篇专题名词性从句素材外研.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载专题 2 名词性从句 名词性从句 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 中连接词的运用名 词 性 从 句 中 的 连 接 词 有 从 属 连 词 that/whether/if, 连 接 代 词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever,连 接 副 词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever；1that 的用法；1 主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略；That they are good at Engl

2、ish is known to us all. The problem is that we dont have enough money.The report that there will be a severe storm in the northern area is false. 2 一般情形下,宾语从句中的引导词 that 可省略,但在以下几种情形中 that 一般不省略：A 当 that 从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语时；B 有多个 that 引导的从句时, 第一个 that可以省略,而其他的 that 常不行省略； C 介词 except ,but ,besides ,in 等

3、后跟 that 引导的宾语从句时；D 当 when,who,what ,where,why,how 等引导的从句与 that 引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时；He judged that,because he was a child,he did not understand wine. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. 3that 和 what 的区分；that 引导名词性从句时,在主从句中不

4、担当任何句子成分,也没有任何含义；而 what 引导名词性从句时, 在主从句中都要充当肯定的句子成分,what 可以分解成定语从句中的“ 先行词关系代词” ,即常说的“ 先行词that/which/who” ；It s a shame that he has made such a mistake.I will do what I can do to help him. 4 同位语从句与定语从句中 that 的区分；同位语从句中的连接词 that 只起连接作用, 在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词 that 在句中作宾语或主语,与先行词有修饰关系；假如句子是同位语从句,就应用连

5、接词 that 而不能用 which ；同位语从句一般放在表详细含义的名词后说明说明名词的含义或内容, 如以下名词： news,fact ,suggestion,truth ,plan ,belief,doubt ,possibility,idea 等,而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰；名师归纳总结 They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.同位语从句 第 1 页,共 10 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载The hope that th

6、ey expressed is that they would come to visit China again. 定语从句 2whether 和 if的用法；whether ；1whether和 if在宾语从句中可以互换,但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用It all depends on whether they will come back. 2 后面直接跟 or not 时用 whether ；I didn t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.3 主语从句、表语从句中只能用 whether ；Whether the meeting w

7、ill be put off has not been decided yet. The question is whether they have so much money. 4whether可以引导同位语从句,用以说明前面的名词的内容,if就不能；We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not. 5whether常与 or 连用表示一种挑选,if不能这样用； whether 也可与动词不定式连用但if不能；The question of whether they are male or fema

8、le is not important. I have not decided whether to go or not. 6 间接宾语位于句首时或者间接宾语提前时用 whether 不用 if ；Thank you ,but whether Ill be free Im not sure at the moment.7whether 可引导一个让步状语从句表示“ 不管” 、“ 无论” ,而 if 不能；Whether he comes or not,we will begin our party on time. 3“ 疑问词 ever ” 和“no matter 疑问词” 的区分；1 “

9、疑问词 ever ” 可引导名词性从句,在主从句中要充当肯定的成分；Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. You can choose whatever you like in the shop. 2 “ 疑问词 ever ” 仍可引导让步状语从句；Whoever breaks the rule,he must be punished. Whatever you do,you must do it well. 3 “ no matter 疑问词” 只能引导让步状语从句；No matter what you do,you must put your

10、heart into it. No matter who comes late,he must be punished. 4when和 where 引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区分；when 和 where 前面的名词如是表示时间、否就为同位语从句；地点的名词, 就 when和 where 引导的是定语从句,名师归纳总结 They put forward the question where they could get the money.同位语从句 第 2 页,共 10 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载This is the

11、 place where the accident happened. 定语从句 主语从句的核心考点1主语从句在复合句中充当主语,大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾；2that 引导主语从句时可用 it 作形式主语, that 不行省； what 引导的主语从句表示“ 的东西” 时,一般不用 it 作形式主语； whatever ,whoever ,whichever 一般也不用 it 作形式主语；That she will succeed is certain. It is certain that she will succeed.What he needs is m

12、ore experience. 常见的 it替代 that引导的主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：,wrong,important,certain,1It系动词形容词necessary ,right ,likely,unlikelyclear ,obvious ,strange ,normal 等 that从句It is certain that most of the farmers have brought in more money by all means. 2Itbe名词 短语 a pity,a shame,good news,a fact,an honour ,a wonder ,no

13、 wonder 等 that 从句It s no wonder that youve achieved so much success.3Itbe过去分词 said ,told ,heard ,reported,decided ,suggested ,advised ,ordered ,remembered,thought ,considered ,well-known , announced 等 that 从句It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment. 4It特别动词

14、seem,appear ,happen,matter that 从句It happened to me that I had been away when he called. 留意： 1 在“ It is necessary/important/strange/natural.that 从句” 结构中,从句谓语常用“should 动词原形” 形式；2 在“ It be suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required.that 从句” 结构中, that 从句谓语应用“should 动词原形” ； 宾语从句的核心考点1动词的宾语从句1

15、 大多数动词 hope , tell,say 等 可以带宾语从句；We all expect that they will win, for members of their team are stronger. 名师归纳总结 I don t think you are right. 等后有宾语补足语时,就需要it第 3 页,共 10 页I don t suppose he cares,does he. 2 动词 find ,feel , think , consider ,make,believe作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - -

16、- - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. 3 有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加like ,love ,dislike,see to等；I hate it when they talk with their mouths full. it ；这类动词 短语 有 hate ,enjoy ,2一般情形下介词后只能用 wh-类连接词引导宾语从句；We are talking about whether we admit students into our clu

17、b. 留意： 1where 引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语；We could see the temple quite clearly from where we lived. 2that引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的,只有在except ,in ,but 等介词后有时可能用到；Your composition is quite good except that the organization is a bit loose. 3sure ,certain,glad ,pleased ,happy,surprised等表示“ 情感” 的形容词后也可带宾语从句；I m sure that t

18、hey will make it in spite of the terrible weather. 表语从句的核心考点1主句的主语是 idea ,advice ,suggestion ,order ,request ,requirement 等名词时,表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气,即“should 动词原形” 的形式；His suggestion is that we should change our course. 2主语为名词 reason 时,表语从句中的连接词要用 that ,而不用 why 或 because ；The reason for such a serious accid

19、ent is that the driver was too careless and drank too much. 3because ,as if,as though ,as, like等连接词也可引导表语从句；He has lung disease.That is because he has been smoking too much. 同位语从句的核心考点同位语从句是用以说明说明某一名词的内容的从句；1能接同位语从句的名词有：belief,fact ,hope,idea ,doubt ,news,conclusion,suggestion ,problem ,order ,answe

20、r ,decision , explanation,information,thought 等；2同位语从句一般用 that 引导,但也可以用连接代词 what ,which ,who、连接副词 when,where,why,how或 whether 引导；I have no idea what has happened to him. 3有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后,而是被别的词隔开；The story goes that William Tell did kill the king with that sword. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 10

21、 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载 名词性从句与语法填空在语法填空题中主要考查名词性从句中的连接词；名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,其连接词一般不行省略 宾语从句中的that 可省略 ；典题试做 1在空白处填入适当的连接词1As natural architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.2022 全国答案 how 解析 分析句子结构可

22、知,这是一个宾语从句；依据形容词 thick 及结构可知这里的意思是印第安人要算出土坯墙的准确厚度；故填 how；2I didn t understand this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.2022 广东 答案 why 解析 考查宾语从句中的连接词；“ 我” 不知道 / 不明白会发生这样的事情；不明白的肯定是缘由,故用 why 引导；3 is important is that we let others know we care about them.2022 湖

23、南 答案 What 解析 设空处引导主语从句且在从句中充当主语,应用 what ；4Over the next several months,my professor taught me one story was so much better than the other.One was rich in metaphor 隐喻 and character development,while the other was humorous but too shallow.2022 湖南 答案 why 解析 考查宾语从句中的连接词；依据后句可知,“ 我的教授教给我为什么一个故事比另一个更好的缘由”

24、 ,故填 why；5For one thing,parents have time to think about they want to say before they write.2022 湖南 答案 what 解析 考查宾语从句中的连接词；设空处引导宾语从句且在从句中作 say 的宾语,故填 what；应计策略 1如含有两个主谓结构的句子之间,没有句号或分号, 也没有连词, 那么空格处肯定填连接词,如其中一个分句作另一个句子的成分,留意依据成分关系确定相应的复合从句,再依据从句名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - -

25、 学习好资料 欢迎下载中缺何成分确定连接词； 名词性从句与短文改错短文改错中对于名词性从句的考查主要涉及连接词使用不当,缺少连接词以及what 与 that 、which 混用等；典题试做 2单句改错 每道题 1 处错误 1After looking at the toy for some time ,he turned around and found where his parents were missing.2022 全国答案 去掉 where 或 wherethat解析 句意为： 他转过身发觉父母不见了；由句意可知宾语从句句意完整,所以应当用that 引导从句或省略；2How do

26、you think I should do？2022 四川 答案 HowWhat解析 考查宾语从句中疑问词的挑选；本句中 do 之后缺少宾语,故用 what ；3 If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt, tell your teacher immediately.2022 四川 答案 去掉 when 解析 考查宾语从句中连接词；that 后为陈述式的宾语从句,作 notice 的宾语；4“ He has ruined his health.We are worried about him. ” That is which othe

27、r teacherssay.2022 辽宁 答案 whichwhat解析 考查表语从句中的连接词；what 作 say 的宾语,指其他老师说话的内容；5This is how I need to improve in the future.2022 大纲全国 howwhat/where应计策略 2对于名词性从句中连接词的考查,留意第一判定两个单句之间是否有连接词,再依据不同的句式结构,判定连接词是否运用正确；解题时,可以留意以下几个方面：1 把握前后两句话之间的连接关系进行判定是何从句,再依据连接词在句中作何成分,判定正误；2 留意 which 与 that ,which 与 what ,wh

28、ether 与 if 书面表达中名词性从句易错点聚焦 1语序问题以及其他 wh-连接词的用法区分； 误These pictures show you what does our village look like. 正These pictures show you what our village looks like. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载此处宾语从句的语序应用陈述语序,而不是特别疑问句的语序； 误Do you think which of these is the most u

29、seful invention. 正Which of these do you think is the most useful invention. 在疑问语气中,宾语从句的连接词应担当特别疑问词的角色位于句首；2what 和 that 的运用 误America was that was first called “ India ” by Columbus. 正America was what was first called “ India ” by Columbus.在名词性从句中, 连接词 that 既不作任何句子成分,也没有意义； 而连接代词 what 就相反,它既充当从句的主干成分

30、也有其自身的意义；另外,我们可以把 what 说明为： the 名词 that/which；3whether 和 if 的运用 误If we ll hold the party has not been decided yet. 正Whether we ll hold the party has not been decided yet.whether 适用于任何情形；if 作“ 是否” 讲 仅限于动词宾语从句中,但 discuss ,decide等动词后的宾语从句除外；4连接词的使用易受汉语干扰 误The reason why I was late is because I was trap

31、ped in the traffic jam. 正The reason why I was late is that I was trapped in the traffic jam. 通过提取简化可得出：The reason is because.在英语中这明显造成了重复现象；. 单句语法填空1 we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. 答案 How 解析 分析句子结构可知“ we understand things ” 为主语从句,主语从句中主谓宾成分齐全,结合句意可知,此处缺少方式状语；故填 how；2A ship i

32、n harbor is safe,but thats not ships are built for.答案 what 解析 that s not 后跟从句作表语,表语从句中的 for 后缺少宾语,用 what 引导, what与 for 连用,表示目的；what 在句中既作表语从句的连接词又作从句中 for 的宾语；故填 what；3 Is it true that Mike refused an offer from YaleUniversity yesterday. 名师归纳总结 Yeah, but I have no idea he did it；that s one of his fa

33、vorite universities.第 7 页,共 10 页答案why - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 解析学习好资料欢迎下载he did it答句句意为： 是的,但我不知道他为什么那样做,那是他最喜爱的高校之一；作 idea 的同位语,由句意可知表示缘由,故填 why；4The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered the boy would do. 答案 what 解析 设空处既作宾语从句的连接词又作从句中 do

34、的宾语,故填 what；5It doesn t matter you turn right or left at the crossingboth roads lead to the park. 答案 whether 解析 句意为：你在十字路口往右拐仍是往左拐都无关紧要两条路都通往公园；考查主语从句；依据句意及 or 可知此处用 whether 构成固定搭配 whether.or. 是 仍是 ； if 一般不引导主语从句；6As many as five courses are provided ,and you are free to choose suits you best. 答案 wh

35、ichever 解析 句意为：这里有五门课程供你挑选,你可以自由挑选任何一门最适合你的；此题考查宾语从句；从句中缺少主语成分；且题干中已给出挑选的范畴 as many as five courses are provided ,故用 whichever ；7 Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt he could have expressed it differently. 答案 that 解析 句意为： Jerry 并不懊悔作了点评,只是觉得他本可以用不同的方式表达出来；此题考查宾语从句；宾语从句句子完整,不缺少句子成分,故用 th

36、at 引导；8The notice came around two in the afternoon the meeting would be postponed. 答案 that 解析 句意为： 下午 2 点左右,有人通知说会议要推迟了；此题考查同位语从句；came around two in the afternoon 把名词 notice 与其同位语从句分隔开来,增加了题目的难度；同位语从句结构完整,不缺少任何成分,所以用连接词 that 引导；9A farmer once organized a competition between his dog and his rabbit.He

37、 dug a hole in one of his biggest fields,and hid a carrot and a bone in it.He wanted to see animal would find them first. 答案 which 解析 农夫想看看狗和兔子哪一个先找到胡萝卜和骨头；10It can be really upset trying to ask for something in a store or to tell the taxi driver you are going. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 10 页精选学习资料

38、 - - - - - - - - - 答案where 学习好资料欢迎下载解析 此处 where 引导宾语从句,在从句中作地点状语；. 单句改错 每道题 1 处错误 1That Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. 答案 ThatWhat2It was never clear whether the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.答案 whether why3It is still under discussion if the old bus station shou

39、ld be replaced with a modern hotel or not. 答案 if whether4The shocking news made me realize how terrible problems we would face. 答案howwhatll do is to rebuild the bridge. 5The villagers have already known which we答案whichwhat6What he should do is he stays at home and waits for his mother from work. 答案

40、is 之后加 that 7The reason why he was late was because his bike went wrong. 答案becausethatthat s how I d do if I had the money. 8I d like to start my own business答案howwhat9He came late.That was he got up late. 答案was 之后加 because in the countryside but 10The question that why so many people would choose t

41、o live to work in the city is still under discussion. 答案 去掉 that . 语法填空A 名词性从句专练 1What worries my classmate Mary a lot these days is 2.that she puts on too much weight and she is frequently ill.She has some doubts 3.whether she eats too much fast food high in fat or sugar.Also,with the college entra

42、nce examination approaching,she becomes more stressful and she cant sleep well these days.Maybe this is 4. why she becomes fatter these days, she thinks.5.How she becomes slimmer and healthier 名师归纳总结 has been her main task.So she wants to consult some experts and gain some 第 9 页,共 10 页instructions.B

43、ut where she could get better suggestions and 6.who will give her better - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载that she should consult advice also puzzle her.It is her parents suggestion 7.Professor Wang in Zhongshan Hospital.Professor Wang suggests 8.that she keep a balanced diet first.She should eat vegetables and fruit high in fiber,vitamin and protein.What s more,if she wants to lose weight ,she had better take regular exercise more than half an hour a day.Mary asked Professor Wang 9.when she should take exercise.Professor Wang advised her to take exercise at 5 oclock