2022年高中名词性从句知识点汇总.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名词性从句名词性从句学问点汇总在句中起名词作用从句叫做名词性从句；名词性从句的功能相当于名词短语,在复合句中能担当主语、宾语、表语、同位语等；依据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；名词性从句的引导词可分为 3 类：从属连词：只起连接作用,不充当从句中的任何成分；包括：that,whether,if,as if,as though连接代词：既起连接作用,本身又作从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语；包括：who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whatever,whichever,

2、whomever.连接副词：既起连接作用,本身又作从句的状语；包括 s 一、主语从句:when, where,how,why可以直接放在句首,也可以用形式主语 it 代替,将主语从句放在句末；1.that 引导的主语从句 that 引导主语从句时只起连接作用,没有实际意义,也不在从句中作任何成分,但不能省略；That the earth moves around the sun is known to all.2.whether,if 引导主语从句 whether ：引导主语从句既可以放在句首,也可以放在句末,只起连接作用,不作成分 if ：引导主语从句只能放在句末,前面用 it 作形式主语；

3、whether you can succeed or not depends on how hard you work at it.It is unknown whether/if he has agreed to my plan.3.连接代词或连接副词引导主语从句 连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在从句中作状语；What they need are a car and some water.Why they suddenly disappointed still remains a mystery.4.it 作形式主语的主语从句 1 It+be+adj./n./ 过去分词

4、+that 从句 It has been predicted that mobile phones might soon replace our wallets.2 It+seemed/happened 等不及物动词及短语 +that 从句 It seemed that each of them was satisfied with the results.3 It doesnt matter+how/whetherIt doesnt matter whether he will join the club or not.4 that 引导主语从句显现在疑问句中,用it 作形式主语,把主语从句

5、后置Is it likely that your friend will come this evening.5 当主语从句显现在感叹句中时,要以it 作形式主语,而把主语从句后置What a pity it is that you missed a wonderful football match.二、宾语从句1.动词接宾语从句1宾语从句紧跟在及物动词后：She wondered who had sent the flowers.有宾补的情形下2常用 it 作形式宾语： He had made it clear that the meeting not be postponed.2.介词接宾

6、语从句1介词后面可以跟 whether 和 wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句He only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information.2介词 except,but,besides,in 后有时可以直接接that 引导的宾语从句；除这些之外,that 引导的从句一般不1 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名词性从句直接作介词的宾语；其他介词后接 that 从句作宾语时,必需用 it 作形式宾语；I didnt tell him anythin

7、g except that I needed the money.You may depend on it that I should always help you.3.系表结构接宾语从句Sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied,sorry等表示情感的形容词与be 一起构成系表结构,其后的从句也可视为宾语从句；I m confident that you will get the job.I m glad that you can come here on time.4.只用 whether 不用 if 的情形1在介

8、词后引导宾语从句：Everything depend on whether you agree with us.2宾语从句置于句首 :Whether they like the presents, we dont know.3与 or not 连用时： I want to know whether or not the train goes to King street.4与不定式连用时 : I cant decided whether to stay.5在动词 discuss, wonder, doubt, leave, put 后引导宾语从句 :We discussed whether w

9、e should close the shop.5.宾语从句中不能省略 that 的情形1宾语从句前有插入语：We hope,on the contrary,that he will stay at home with us.2宾语从句紧跟在间接宾语之后时,或主语状语置于宾语从句之前时He told me that he was leaving for Australia.I realized at once that I hadnt turn off the gas.3当 it 作形式宾语,后接 that 引导的宾语从句时I don t think it polite that they l

10、eft without saying thanks to us.4that 引导的从句位于句首That our team will win,I believe.5宾语从句在 except,but,besides,in 等介词之后He also likes playing the piano besides that he is good at playing basketball.6that 引导的从句与其他引导词引导的从句作并列宾语I know where we will go and that well be back in three days.7多个并列的 that 引导的宾语从句,只

11、有第一个 that 可以省略8宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或从句The doctor said that taking exercise was the best way of losing weight.9宾语从句的主语是 this,that 或有 this,that 修饰时She told me that that was why she was late.10宾语从句为主从复合句,从句位于宾语从句的前部I promised that if anyone came to set me free,I would make him king over the earth.三、表语从句表语从句位于

12、主句的连系动词be,seem,look,sound,taste,feel,remain,appear等之后；1.that,whether 引导的表语从句只起连接作用,不作成分,that 无词义,不能省略；Whether 意为是否,不能换成if；One problem is that I dont look any different from other people.2.as if,as though, because1as if,as though 引导的 表语从句,可用陈述语气,也可用虚拟语气；常跟在特定动词后面,如seem,appear,look,taste,sound,feel 等；

13、You look as if youve had a good time.He looks as if he were from the Mars.2名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名词性从句2because 引导表语从句时,主句的主语不能用reason；假如主句的主语是reason,表语从句用that ,不能用 why 或 because；常见句型为The reasonwhy.is that.3wh-类连接词引导的表语从句,通常不含有意义,而是分别表示详细地点、时间、缘由和方式等；This is why I th

14、ink my happiest days will be in the future.4表语从句用虚拟语气的情形：主句的主语是advice, demand, order, suggestion, requirement, request, command 等时,表语从句用虚拟语气,结构是 should+ 动词原形；His suggestion is that we should set off at once.四、同位语从句 往 往 用 来 说 明 某 些 名 词 的 实 际 内 容 或 对 该 名 词 作 进 一 步 解 释 ； 这 类 名 词 常 见 的 有 ：fact,news,idea

15、,truth,hope,problem,information,wish,suggestion,conclusion 等；1.that 引导同位语从句：通常从句意义完整,that 无词义,只起连接作用,不行省略；I ve got a feeling that one day hell be famous.2.whether, when, where, why, how 等引导同位语从句；whether 意为是否,在句子中不作成分,其他的连接词具有实义,并在句中作成分；If 不能引导同位语从句；The student asked me the question whether the book

16、was worth reading.I have no idea when we will have a long holiday.3.被分隔的同位语从句：主句的谓语比较短时,同位语从句常被分隔,形成：主语 +谓语 +同位语从句The notice came around two in the afternoon that the meeting would be postponed.4.同位语从句中的虚拟语气：当主语是 advice,proposal,suggestion 等时,要用虚拟语气, should+动词原形；The suggestion came from the chairman

17、 that the rule should be adopted.5.同位语从句和定语从句的区分1修饰词：同位语从句前被修饰词只能是idea, fact, news, hope 等有肯定内涵的名词；定语从句前被修饰词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或整个主句；2性质：同位语从句相当于一个名词,对前面的抽象名词进行说明和说明 定语从句相当于一个形容词,对先行词进行修饰或限制；3连接词：有些连接词how,whether,what 可引导同位语从句,不能引导定语从句；而which 能引导定语从句,却不能单独使用引导同位语从句；例如：The question whether we need it has

18、 not been considered.This is a simple idea,but one which is hard to put into practice.4成分： that 在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,不能省略,也不能用 which 来代替；that 引导定语从句,在从句中一般作主语或宾语,指物时可以用 But they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 km from coast to coast.The news that he told us just now is unbelievable.五、连接词 what

19、与 that 的区分which 来代替,作宾语常被省略；1.引导名词性从句时,what 在从句中要充当句子成分,意为“ 的事物/地方 /人” ；that 不作任何成分,只起连接作用,没有实际意义；What the post says is interesting.I heard that he joined the army.2.当名词性从句已有疑问词引导时,不行再加 thatI don t understand what you said just now.六、 wh-ever 与 no matter wh -的区分wh-既可以引导名词性从句,又可以引导让步状语从句；而no matter w

20、h -只能引导让步状语从句；He wouldn t believe whatever I said. Whatever I said,he wouldnt believe me.3 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名词性从句七、连接词 whether 和 if 的区分1.在引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时,一般用 whether 不用 if；2.在主语从句中用 it 作形式主语时,whether 和 if 都可以用,但在句首时只能用 whether ；Whether they will have a picni

21、c tomorrow isnt know.It isnt certain whether/if youll attend the meeting.八、 doubt,be sureI doubt whether/if. doubt 用于确定句,用 whether/ifThere s no doubt that. doubt 用于否定句,用 thatI m sure that. sure 用于确定句,用 thatI m not sure whether/if. sure 用于否定句,用 whether/if课堂练习一、在以下句子空白处填入适当的单词：1.Grandma pointed to the

22、 hospital and said,”That s_I was born.2.Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday.Yeah,but I have no idea_he did it;thats one of his favorite university.3._the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.4.From space,the earth looks blue.This is_about seventy

23、-one percent of its surface is covered by water.5.Do not let any failure discourage you,for you can never tell_close you may be to victory.6.I made a promise to myself_this year,my first year in high school,would be different.7.Scientists study_human brains work to make computers.8.I m afraid hes mo

24、re of a talker than a doer,which is_he never finishes anything.9._worries me a lot is that I keep forgetting what I have just done.10.I really dont know_it was that I put my wallet.二、单句改错1.So if they said was true,I would have a chance of winning the prize.2.Word came that free souvenirs would be gi

25、ven to anyone whoever come first.3.The reason why he was late is because he wasnt informed of the change of time.4.The news our team won the match was encouraging.5.I can never understand how Mary said nothing about her wrongs.6.I have been admitted to Beijing University excited me.7.It depends on i

26、f we have enough money.8.He is a good student except he is a bit care less sometimes.9.He said he was satisfied with his stay here and he would come back again.10.If it is true remains a question.三、单项题1.The best moment for the football star was_he scored the winning goal.A.where B.when C.how D.whyre

27、 afraid to do.2.Pick yourself up.Courage is doing_youA.that B.what C.how D.whether3.Some people believe_has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.A.whatever B.whenever C.wherever D.however4.Exactly_the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain,but it was probably around 1565.A.whether B.why C.when D.how5.What a mess.You are always so lazy. - I m not to blame,mum. I am_you have made me.A.how B.what C.that D.who4名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 4 页