2022年高中英语同位语从句讲解及练习.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高中英语同位语从句讲解及练习同位语从句讲义及练习 一、懂得同位语从句的含义,把握同位语从句的实质 在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句；同位语从句一般用that, whether,what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导,常放在 fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion 等抽象名

2、 词后面,说明该名词的详细内容； 换言之, 同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上 为同一关系,对其内容作进一步说明；例： The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 他们竞赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校；析： they had won the game 语从句；说明 The news 的全部内容,因此该句为同位二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词,精确把握同位语从句1. 犹如位语从句意义完整,应用that引导同位语从句；即that 不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,不行省略例：The general gave

3、the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once. 将军下达了战士们立刻过河的命令；析：the soldiers should cross the river at once 是 the order 的全部内容,且意义完整,因此应用that 引导同位语从句；2. 犹如位语从句意义不完整, 需增加 是否 的含义,应用 whether 引导同位语从句； if 不能引导同位语从句例：Well discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time. 我们

4、将争论运动会是否会如期举办的问题；析：the sports meeting will be held on time 意义不完整,应加 是否 的含义才能表达 the problem 的全部内容,因此应用 whether 引导同位语从句；3. 犹如位语从句意义不完整, 需增加 什么时候 、 什么地点 、 什么方式 等含义,应用 when, where, how等词引导同位语从句；例 1：I have no idea when he will be back. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 析：he will be

5、back 意义不完整,应加 什么时候 的含义才能表达 idea的全部内容,因此应用 when引导同位语从句；例 2：I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike. 析： he went home 意义不完整,应加 如何 的含义才能表达 impression 的全部内容,因此应用 how引导同位语从句；4. 当主句的谓语较短,而同位语从句较长时,同位语从句常后置；如 ： The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 三、把握同位语从句和定语从句的区分,

6、明确同位语从句和相像从句的界限同位语从句和定语从句相像, 都放在某一名词或代词后面, 但同位语从句不同于定语从句； 同位语从句对名词加以补充说明,是名词全部内容的表达, 且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分；定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征,与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系,成分；且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作区分时可以在先行词与与从句之间加一个系动词 be, 使之构成一个新句子,假如句子通顺且符合规律,就为同位语从句,反之,就为定语从句；如： The report that he was going to resign was false. 由于 the report was tha

7、t he was going to resign 句意通顺,所以, that he was going to resign 是同位语从句；例 1：1Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as 析：答案为 B；more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities 是 Information 的内容,且 Inf

8、ormation 不在从句中作成分,所以该句为同位语从句；应将该句区分于：名师归纳总结 2It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into 第 2 页,共 5 页universities,this is the information _ has been put forward. A. what B. that C. when D. as - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 析：答案为 B；that has been put forward为 information的修

9、饰性定语,且 information 在从句中作主语,所以该句为定语从句；例 2：She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.MET91 A. it B. which C. this D. that 析：答案为 B；分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知,该句为非限制性定语从句,先行词为a terrible noise,且它在从句中作主语；应将该句区分于：I cant stand the terrible noise _ she is crying loudly. A. it B. which C. this D.

10、that 的内容,析：答案为 D；she is crying loudly是 the terrible noise且 t he terrible noise 稳固性练习：不在从句中作成分,所以该句为同位语从句；1. The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A. that B. what C. why D. which 2. The fact _ he was successful proves his ability. A. hat B. what C. which D. why 3. The news _ he was kidna

11、pped surprised us greatly. A. what B. that C. why D. when 4. His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A. which B. that C./ D. it 5. I have no idea _ he will start. A. when B. that C. what D./ 6. Ive come from the government with a message _ the meeting wont be held tomorrow. 名师归纳总结 A

12、. if B. that C. whether D. which 第 3 页,共 5 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 7. The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him. A. when B. which C. what D. that 8. The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A. which B. whether C. that D. what fear _ 9. The nurses are trying the

13、ir best to reduce the patients he would die of the disease. A. that B. as C. of which D. which 10. He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing. A. whether B. where C. that D. when Keys: 1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA 同位语从句和定语从句的三点区分同位语从句和定语从句很相像 1. 从词类上区分, 但仍是有区分的 , 区分主要在以下三方面 : 同 位 语 从 句 前 面 的

14、名 词 只 能 是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order 等有肯定内涵的名词 .而定语从句的先行词可以是名词 .代词 .主句的一部分或是整个主句 .如: The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed. 同位语从句 We are not looking into the question whether he

15、 is worth trusting. 同位语从句 Word came that he had been abroad. 同位语从句 Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了 , 这让我们很兴奋 . 定语从句 The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 名师归纳总结 你找的那位医生在房间里面. 定语从句 第 4 页,共 5 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - His mother did all she could

16、to help him with his study. 他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮忙他的学习. 定语从句 , 代词 all作先行词 . 2. 从性质上区分定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制, 属于形容词性从句的范畴; 而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和说明 畴；如 : , 属于名词性从句的范The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的 . 同位语从句 , 补充说明 news究竟是一个什么消息 . The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告知我

17、的那个消息是真的 . 定语从句 ,news 在从句中作 told 的宾语 . I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我许诺假如谁让我自由 , 我就让他特别富有 . 同位语从句 , 补充说明 promise 到 底是一个什么诺言 . The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 妈妈做出 了一个令她的孩子们兴奋的许诺 . 定语从句 ,promise 在从句中作 pleased 的主 语. 3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区

18、分 有些引导词如 how, whether, what 可以引导同位语从句 , 但不能引导定语从 句.如: That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题仍没有考虑. 同位语从句 I have no idea what has happened to him. 位语从句 我不知道他发生了什么事 . 同引导词 that 引导定语从句时 , 在从句中一般作主语或宾语 指物时仍可以用which 代替 , 并且作宾语经经常省略 .that 在同位语从句中仅起连接作用 , 不充当任何成分 , 并且不能省略 , 也

19、不能用 which 来代替 .如: The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了. 同位语从句 , 是对 order 的详细说明 ,that 虽不作成分 , 但不能省略 . The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应当派几个人去帮忙别的几个小组 . 定语从句 , 是名词 order 的修饰语 ,that 语, 可以省略 .在从句中作 received 的宾名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页