2022年高中英语选修第一单元知识点、语法及练习.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 第一单元学问点1.abstract 1 adj.深奥的,抽象的 2 v. 提炼,抽取；概括,写摘要e.g. Beauty is abstract but a house is not. e.g. Rubber is abstracted from trees. e.g. He is abstracting a story for a book review.他在为一篇书评撰写故事摘要；3）n. an abstract of a lecture一个演讲的摘要2.Would you rather have Chinese or Western-st

2、yle paintings in your home. would rather do sth 愿意做e.g. I would rather stay at home today. would rather sb do sth愿意 sb 做e.g. I would rather you came here tomorrow. would rather do sth than do sth = would do sth rather than do sth = prefer to do sth rather than do sth = prefer doing sth to doing sth

3、e.g. I would rather go with you than stay here.= I would go with you rather than stay here.= I prefer to go with you rather than stay here.= I prefer going with you to staying here. 3.faith n. 信任,信仰 忠于信仰 ; 守信 break ones faith with sb. 对某人不守信用 keep faith with have faith in 信任, 信任 lose faith in 不再信任 i

4、n good faith 老实地；恳切地e.g. I kept faith with him. 我信守了对他的诺言；He who loses faith, loses all.失去信心的人 , 失去全部；faithful adj. 忠诚的,牢靠的 be faithful to 对 忠诚4.consequently adv. 所以,因此 e.g. Mr Foster has never been to China. Consequently, he knows very little about it. consequent adj. 作为结果的 ,随之发生的consequence n. 结果a

5、s a consequence/result = in consequence as a consequence/result of = because of e.g. She was found guilty, and lost her job in consequence of it. 5.aim A1 n. 目标C e.g. What is your aim in life. 你生活的目的是什么 . without aim 无目的的 / 无目标的 miss ones aim 打不中目标achieve one s aim 达到目标U 对准 , 瞄准take aim ate.g. The h

6、unter took aim at the lion. 2）v. 以枪等 对准 ,瞄准 aim ataim at the target=take aim at the target瞄准靶子e.g. He aimed his gun at the tiger, fired but missed it. aimless a. 无目标的,无目的的She led an aimless life. B. 准备 ,方案 , 以 为目标 , 立志做aim at doing = aim to do 瞄准 , 力求做到 ,力争达到 e.g. Harry aims at becoming a doctor./Ha

7、rry aims to become a doctor. 6.evident adj. 明白的 , 明显的 e.g. The applause made it evident that the play was a hit. It is evident obvious to sb that e.g. Its evident that you are tired. n. evidence 证据;证明 in evidence = evident 明显的 7.realistic 现实主义的 ,逼真的 ,现实的 in a more realistic way 以一种更逼真的形式realism 现实主义

8、realist 现实主义者real adj. 真的realize v. 实现8. adopt vt. 1.实行;接受;吸取名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - e.g. After much deliberation, the president decided to adopt her suggestion. 2.过继,收养+as e.g. Mr. Kern adopted the orphan as his own son. 3.正式通过 ,接受 e.g. The agenda was adopted after s

9、ome discussion. adopted adj. 被收养的,被接受的 an adopted child 9.possess 用作动词时,不能用于进行时；1）“ 有,拥有”2）“ 具有 的特质”3）“ 支配,掌握”e.g. The library possesses a number of the artist s early works. be possessed of sth意为“ 具有某种品质或特点”e.g. He was possessed by the desire to be rich. possession 【c】财产,全部物（常用复数）personal possessio

10、ns个人财产e.g. The ring is one of her most valuable possessions. 【u】占有,拥有Take/get/have/gain possession of 占据,夺取in possession of 表主动）占in the possession of=in one s possession（表被动） 被占有e.g. He is in of the house. 他拥有这套房子；The house is in the of him. 这套房子在他的占有之下；10. convince vt. “ 使确信；使信服”convince sb. to do

11、sth. .说服某人做使某人确信某事convince sb of sth convince sb+ that 从句e.g. He convinced me of his sincerity. 他使我确信他的真诚；I was convinced that he was sincere. sb. be convinced of sth sb. be convinced that某人确信；11.attempt v.尝试,妄想 , 努力去执行或完成 attempt to do妄想做 attempt doing 反复尝试做 attempt to do/doing = try to do/doing e.

12、g. I attempted to speak but was told to be quiet. n. 1 妄想或努力 2突击；攻击 an attempt on someones life对某人生命的攻击 make an attempt to do sth /at doing sth 尝试做at one s attempt 在 尝试下ones first attempt 初次尝试e.g. She made an attempt to cook the dinner. 她试着做这顿饭；12.on the other hand 另一方面,相当于一个副词；常与on one hand连用；On on

13、e hand on the other hand一方面另 一方面 e.g. This job is not well paid, but on the other hand, I don t have to work long hours. On one hand, I need a computer, but on the other hand, I dont have enough money. at hand在手边,在邻近by hand用手的,手工的go hand in hand with与 共同行动 13.figure 1 形状 ;体形 ;人影 e.g. I saw a figure

14、in the darkness. 2 体态 ;风姿 e.g. She has a slender figure. 3人物 ;名人 e.g. He has become a figure known to everyone. 4 数字 e.g. Where did you get those figures. 14.1aggressive adj. 敢作敢为的 ;有闯劲的 ;入侵性的 ;好斗的 e.g. He is very aggressive. 他生性好斗；an aggressive salesman一干劲很大的售货员aggressive weapons 攻击性武器名师归纳总结 - - -

15、- - - -第 2 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2aggressively adv. 气概汹汹地3aggression n.入侵（行动） aggressor n. 入侵者15.in the flesh 活生生,本人,亲自 flesh n.肌肉;肉e.g. Have you ever seen Jay Chou in the flesh. 你见过周杰伦本人吗？flesh and blood肉体,血肉之躯e.g. Though he is a hero, he is still flesh and blood. lose flesh 减肥gain/put on

16、 flesh 增肥flesh-eating 食肉的16.preference 1更加的宠爱 ,偏爱 UC+for e.g. A window seat is my preference.我宠爱靠窗的座位；2偏爱的事物 或人 C e.g. Which is your preference, tea or coffee. 3偏袒 U+for e.g. Parents should not show preference for any one of their children. 4优先 权;优惠权 UC in preference to 优先于have a preference for 偏爱e.

17、g. I have a preference for classic music. Id choose the small car in preference to the larger one. 17.appeal vi. 1呼吁 ,请求 appeal to sb for sth . e.g. He appealed to me for help. 2诉诸 ,求助 +to 引力 ,迎合爱好 +to e.g. We will appeal to a variety of sources of information. 3有吸 e.g. The idea appealed to Mary. 4【

18、律】上诉 +to/against e.g. He appealed against the five-year sentence he had been given. 18.reputation n. 名誉 ,名声 +for e.g. The store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing. Cheating at the game ruined that players reputation. live up to one s reputation不负盛名lose ones reputation失去盛名win a high reputat

19、ion 赢得很高的声誉19. more than 名词意为“不仅仅 ”e.g. Jason is more than a lecturer; he is a writer, too. 1 more than+数词,意为“超过” 相当于 over,其反义词组为 less than；e.g. There are more than two hundred people in the park. 2“ more than形容词 /副词” 是“很” 或“ 特别 ” 的意思；e.g. I am more than content with what you said. 我对你的讲话特别中意；3 在“mo

20、re . than .” 结构中,确定“more” 后面的内容而否定“than” 后面的部分,常译为“ 是 而不是 ”或 “ 与其说 不如说” ；e.g. Hearing the loud noise, the boy was more surprised than frightened. 听到这庞大的声响,男孩与其说是可怕不如说是感到很惊奇；20.contemporary 1adj.当代的 ;同时代的 ;同年龄的 e.g. His lecture is on contemporary American novelists. He has furniture of contemporary s

21、tyle. be contemporary with 与 同时代 琼森是否与莎士比亚同辈 . e.g. Was Jonson contemporary with Shakespeare. 2n. C 同时代的人 ,同年龄的人；同时期的东西；当代人 ,现代人 e.g. He was looked down upon by his contemporaries. 他被他的同时代的人瞧不起；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1. You have to be _. Anybody like you without any

22、_ experience is not likely to be given a big salary even if you graduate from a famous university. . A. true; realistic B. realistic; practical C. practical; realistic D. real; realistic 2. Sculptures are something _ but the concepts they demonstrate are _, which takes wisdom to understand A. real;

23、subtract B.concrete; abstract C. realistic; subscribe D. specific; conventional 3. Have faith _ yourself, be faithful _your work and make every effort you can and then you are not far away from success. A. of; of B. in; in C. to; in D. in; to 4. Plowing the field is the _ means to grow crops in Chin

24、a, typical _ the Chinese farming for thousands of years. A. controversial; with B. traditional; in C. conventional; of D. contemporary; to 5. Strict measures have to be _ to protect_ children from family abuses. A. adapted; adopted B. adopted; adopted C. adjusted; adjusted D. attached; adopted 6. St

25、udents are given a lot of exercises to do, _ to improve their grades. A. aimed B. aiming C. to be aimed D. to aim 7. Nobody knows for sure who possessed the ancient flower vase. In other words, nobody knows for sure who is _ of the flower vase. A. in possession B. in the possession C. of the possess

26、ion D. with possession 8. The story is totally made up. If _ it happens to be _ anyones experience, we are here to apologize. A. by coincidence; similar to C. by chance; by coincidence with B. by accident; in coincidence with D. X; in coincidence to 9. Whether euthanasia安乐死 should be made legal has

27、been _ in the law circle for many years. A. conventional B. controversial C. potential D. experimental 10. It is ridiculous of you to be afraid of your own _, which follows everywhere you go when there is light. A. shade B. shadow C. figure D. sculpture 11. I have heard of the famous scholar thousan

28、ds of times but havent seen him _. A. in the flesh B. in personal C. in flesh D. in private 12. All visitors were amazed at the skills and _ the artist _ when carving the figure on the marble A. technologies; showed C. technology; made B. techniques; displayed D. technique; displayed 13. In such a _

29、 situation, we have to be careful of what we say and what we do. A. delicate B. fragile C. weak D. flexible 14. It _ a superb mind to predict what will exactly happen in the future. A. takes B. costs C. spends D. makes 15. It still remains a mystery why some people are _ certain flower fragrance whi

30、le others are not. A. allergic to B. accustomed to C. addicted to D. appealing to 16. Egypt _ a high reputation of ancient civilization across the world 名师归纳总结 A. likes B. appreciates C. enjoys D. is fond of 第 4 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 17. _ of time and energy has been spent in

31、making the earthquake-stricken areas a permanent museum to remind people how disastrous a natural disaster can be. A. Large quantities B. A great deal C. A good many D. A plenty 18. The girl _ to figure out what the boy s attempt was _ by giving her a bunch of roses but without success . A. managed;

32、 X B. succeeded; on C. attempted; at D. tried; on 19. Visual teaching aids _ to students and help them learn better but _ they should not be overused in class. A. attract; on the other hand C. hold interest; on other hand B. appeal; on the other hand D. are interested; on one hand 20. _ exhibits mad

33、e of clay on exhibition have to be taken special care of _ them from being damaged . A. Delicate; preventing B. Fragile; to stop C. Weak; to keep D. Faint; keeping 21. The old man enjoys collecting signatures of cotemporary famous people _ famous paintings. A. with preference of B. in preference to

34、C. in preference for D. with preference to 22. The district committee _ having a big headache in _ with the aggressive boys who make trouble now and then in the area. A. is; dealing B. are; dealing C. is; doing D. are; doing 23. Please give us a _ explanation _ why you have done so _ in geometry in

35、school. A. specific; to; well B. concrete; for; good C. general; to; wonderful D. specific; to; good 24. -I hear there is an art gallery around here and could you tell me how to get to it, sir. -It is _207 on the Fifth Avenue. Walk down this street and you _. A. on; cant miss it B. at; cant avoid it

36、 C. on; cant escape D. at; can t miss it 25. Students are burdened with too much exercises, _ their school grade. A. aiming to improve C. aimed to improve B. aiming at improving D. aimed to improving 虚拟语气一、基本含义 ：虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑 或估计；虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特别形式来表示；二、用法：（一）用于非真实条件句 1. 条件句：1）真实条件句指假设

37、的情形有可能发生的条件句,用陈述语气；2）非真实条件句指假设的情形是过去或限制都不存在的,用虚拟语气或将来也不大可能发生的,名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2. if 条件句的主句和从句的谓语动词形式如下：与 现 在 事if 条件句主句例句动词过去式 be 用 were If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 我不是你 实相反动词过去式 be 用 were would/could/If I knew his telephone number, I would tell yo

38、u. 我不知道 If he came/ should come/ were to come here tomorrow, I should/might与 将 来 事should + V 原should/ would talk to him. 他来的可能性很小 +V 原实相反were to + V 原【学以致用】（2022 湖南高考） Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. B. had had C. have D. Had A. have had （二）用于宾语从句1

39、. 动词 wish 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气与现在事实相反的愿望wish 后的宾语从句中谓语的形式例句动词的过去式 be 用 were I wish that I knew something about programming. 与过去事实相反的愿望过去完成式They wish that they hadn t told it to us. 将来的愿望would/could/should/might+V原I wish he could come tomorrow. 【学以致用】2022 北京高考 Where are the children. The dinner s going to be

40、completely ruined. I wish they _ always late. C. wouldn t be D. wouldn t have A. werent B. hadnt been been 2. 表示主观意愿的动词后 ,后面宾语从句的谓语动词用 “ should +动词原形 ” , should 可 省略如：suggest 建议require 要求 demand 要求insist 坚持要求order/ command 命令e.g. He suggested that we should set a deadline for the completion of the p

41、lan. They require that parking should be allowed here. 他们要求答应在此处停车；He insisted that she fasten her safety belt. 他要求她系好安全带；注： suggest表示“ 说明,示意” ,insist 表示“ 坚持某一说法” 时,后宾语从句用陈 述语气；e.g. The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied. 他脸上的表情说明他很中意；He insisted that he had not stolen the car an

42、d insisted that he shouldbe set free at once. 他坚持说自己没有偷那辆汽车,并坚持要求马上释放他；【学以致用】2022 陕西高考 My mom suggests that we _ eat out for a change this weekend. 名师归纳总结 A. should B. might C. could D. Would 第 6 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 3. would rather 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气现在或将来的愿望would rather + 主语I would

43、 rather he left now. +动词过去式I would rather he came earlier tomorrow. 与过去事实相反的愿望would rather+ 主语I would rather I had not lied yesterday. +动词的过去完成式事实上昨天撒谎了 【学以致用】2022 江苏高考 George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I d rather he _ more on its culture. C. would focus D. had focused

44、A. focus B. focused 【即学即练】1. If I _ where he lived, I _ a letter to him. A. knew; would send B. had known; would send B. know; would send D. knew; would have sent 2. I wish I _ a chance to talk to you last night, but you left so early. A. have B. had C. had had D. will have 3. If the contest _ tomorrow, I would probably go to see it. A. is to take place B. were to take place C. was taken place D. would take place 4. She required at the meeting that measures _ to protect the