2022年高考英语句法复习专题-状语从句.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载高三英语总复习之句子系列复习（4）状 语 从 句一、常见状语从句简介 概说：由从句担任的状语,在句子中可修饰谓语（或其它动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子,它可以 用来表示时间、地点、缘由、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等；状语从句是一较大的语法项目,也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点；高考中已考查了时间、让步、地点、条件、目的等状语从句,这些从句仍是今后高考热点,应作充分预备；（一）时间状语从句表示时间的状语从句可由 when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till until

2、, since, once, as soon as 或 the moment , by the time, no sooner than, hardly scarcely when, every time e.g. When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting. He started as soon as he received the news. Once you see him, you will never forget him. No sooner had I gone to bed than I wen

3、t to sleep. （二）缘由状语从句缘由状语从句是表示缘由或理由的,引导这类从句的最常用的连词是 because, since, as , now that（既然）等, for 表示因果关系时（它引导的不是从句）为并列连词,语气不如 because强；e.g. He is disappointed because he didnt get the position. As it is raining, I will not go out. Now that you mention it, I do remember. （三）地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是 where 和 where

4、ver 等；e.g. Sit wherever you like. Make a mark where you have a question. （四）目的状语从句引导目的状语从句最常用的词（组）是so, so that（从句谓语常有情态动词）, in order that, in case （以防,以免）等；e.g. Speak clearly, so that they may understand you. She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons. He left early in cas

5、e he should miss the train. （五）结果状语从句结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句,通常主句是缘由,从句是结果；由 so that （从句谓语一般没有 情态动词） , so that, such that 等引导；e.g. She was ill, so that she didnt attend the meeting. He was so excited that he could not say a word. She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her. （六）条件状语从句条件状语从句分真实性（有可能

6、实现的事情）与非真实性（条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情） 条件句；引导条件状语从句的词（组）主要有 if, unless, so as long as, on condition that, so as far as, if only = if ；留意：条件从句中的 if 不能用 whether 替换；e.g. If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch. You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean. So far as I know （据我所知） ,

7、he will be away for three months. You can go swimming on condition that = if you dont go too far away from the river bank.If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载（七）让步状语从句让步状语从句可由 although, though , as, even if t

8、hough, however, whatever, whether or, no mwhen, what, 等引导；留意：as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的；e.g. Though he is a child, he knows a lot. Child as he is, he knows a lot. Whatever = No matter what you say, Ill never change my mind.（八）方式状语从句方式状语从句常由 as, as if though, the way, rather than 等引导；e.g. You must do the exer

9、cise as I show you. He acted as if nothing had happened. （九）比较状语从句比较状语从句常用than, so as as, the more the moree.g. I have made a lot more mistakes than you have. He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford. The busier he is, the happier he feels. （十）使用状语从句时要留意的几个问题1、在时间和条件 （有时也在方式、让步等） 从句中, 主句是一

10、般将来时,从句通常用一般现在时表示将来；e.g. We ll go outing if it doesnt rain tomorrow.I ll write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai. 2、有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句,假如从句的主语与主句主语一样（或虽不一样,是 it）,从句的谓语又包含动词 be ,就可省略从句中的“主语 + be ”部分；e.g. When he was still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night. If you are asked you may come in.

11、 If it is necessary Ill explain to you again.3、留意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句,不仅要依据连词,仍要依据句子结构和句意来判别；以 where为例,能引导多种从句；e.g. You are to find it where you left it. （地点状语从句）Tell me the address where he lives.（定语从句,句中有先行词）I don t know where he came from.（宾语从句）Where he has gone is not known yet. （主语从句）This place is w

12、here they once hid. （表语从句）二、状语从句考点透视笔者依据近年高考试题,将状语从句的考点作了较为全面的归纳,让考生在复习备考时,明确状语从句在高考中到底考什么、怎样考；考点一：时间状语从句1. when ,while ,as 的用法：when 意为“ 当 /在 时,每当”；while 意为“ 在 期间”,从句的谓语必需是连续性动词；as 意为“ 一边 一边 ,随着”,动词通常为动作动词；如：（1）He transplanted the little tree to the garden _it was the best time for it . A. where B.

13、when C. that D. until 解析：选 B,when 引导时间状语从句,句意为：在最合适的时候,他将小树移植了；（2）-I ,m going to the post office. A. As -_ you there ,can you get me some stamps. 第 2 页,共 13 页B. While C. Because D. If 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载解析 : 虽然 as和 while 都可表示“ 在 期间”,但 as要与动作动词连用,而此题的“are there” 是状态

14、,不是动作,只能用 while ,应选 B；2. before 的用法：before 的本意为“ 在 之前”,依据详细语境仍可懂得为“ 仍没来得及/仍没有 就 ,趁着仍没 就 ,不知不觉就 , 才 ” 等；如：（3）The American Civil War lasted four years _ the North won in the end . A. after B. before C. when D. then 解析：美国内战“ 在北方获胜之前” 连续了四年,应选 B；（4）Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but th

15、ey hung up _ I could answer the phone. A. as B. since C. until D. before 解析：选 D,句意为：有人半夜打来电话,但是我仍没来得及接,对方就挂了电话；3until 和 till 的用法：与确定式的主句连用,主句谓语必需是连续性动词,till/ until 表示 “ 直到 ”；与否定式的主句连用,且主句谓语是终止性动词时,till/ until 表示“ 直到 才 ”；如：（5）We were told we should follow the main road_ we reached the central railway

16、. A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever 解析：选 B,句意为：有人告知我们,我们应当沿着这条主道往前走,直走到中心火车站；（6）-Was his father very strict with him when he was at school . -Yes .He had never praised him_ he became one of the top students in his grade. A. after B. unless C. until D. when 解析：选 C,句意为：直到他成为全级最优秀的同学,他父亲才夸奖他；4表

17、示“ 一 就 ” 的四类从属连词：as soon as= the momentthat; = the minutethat ; = the secondthat; = the instantthat ; = immediatelythat; = directlythat; = instantlythat; = no sooner than ; = hardly when .如：7 Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her . Yes ,I gave it to her I saw her. A while B. the momen

18、t C. suddenly D. once 解析：选 B,句意是“ 我一观察她就仍给她了”,应选 B；虽然 once 也可表示“ 一 就 ” 但含有很强的条件意味,即“ 一旦”,不合语境；5可引导时间状语从句的 time 短语：every time, each time, the next time, thelast time, by the time, the first time, any time 等以 time 结尾的短语可引导从句；如：（8）I thought her nice and honest I met her. A. first time B. for the first

19、time C. the first time D. by the first time 解析：选项中只有 the first time 可引导时间状语从句,应选 C；6It be since/before/when句型：“It be +时间段 +since ” 表示“ 自从 以来有多久了”,但如从句谓词是延缓性动词时,就意为“（多久）不做 了”；“It be +时间段 +before ” 表示“ 过 之后才 ”,如 be 是否定式,就表示“ 没过 就 ”；“It be +时间点 + before ” 表示“ 在 之前,时间是 ”；“It be +时间点 +when ” 表示“ 当 时,时间是

20、”；如：（9）It is almost five years we saw each other last time. A. before B. since C. after D. when 解析：由句意“ 我们自上次见面以来已经五年了” 可知选（10） That was really a splendid evening .It s years B；其中 it is 也可说成 it has been. I enjoyed myself so much. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A when B. tha

21、t C. before D. since 学习必备欢迎下载解析：在 it 后是 is ,从句谓语是一般过去时,应用 欢乐过了” ；since,应选 D；enjoy 是延缓性动词,表示“ 多年没这么（11） It was some time we realize the truth. A. when B. until C. since D. before 解析：由句意“ 过了一段时间之后,我们才明白事情的真相” 可知用before,应选 D；（12） It was evening reached the little town of Winchester. A. that B. until C.

22、 since D. before 解析：由句意“ 我们在到达 Winchester 这个小镇之前,天就黑夜了” 可知用 before,应选 D；（13） Did Jack come back early last night. Yes. It was not yet eight o ,clock he arrived home. A. before B. when C. that D. until 解析：由句意“（当）他回来时,仍不到 8 点” 可知用 when,应选 B；考点二：地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的从属连词有where在 的地方 或 wherever在 的任何地方等；如：（14）

23、The famous scientist grew up he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai. A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever 解析：表示“ 在他诞生的地方”,用 where 引导地点状语从句,应选 C；考点三：条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的从属连词有 if ,unless=if not 假如不 ,除非 , as/so long as ,while=as long as 只要,supposingthat,provided/providingthat,in case 假使 ,on conditi

24、on that 在 的条件下 等；如：（15） The WTO cannot live up to its name mankind. it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of A. as long as B. while C. if D. even though 那么世贸组织也就名不符实了；”解析： 选 C,句意是 “ 假如 WTO 不包括一个占人类五分之一人口的国家,另外, as long as 表示惟一条件,语气过重；（16） It is known to all that you exercise regula

25、rly, you won t keep good health. A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if 解析：由句意“ 假如你不常常锤炼,你就没有好的身体” 可知用 17 I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it. A. Even though B. Unless C. As long as D. While unless,应选 A ；解析：选 C,句意为：只要我知道这引起钱是安全的,我就不担忧了；考点四：目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的从属连词有 so that , in order th

26、at 为了,以便 ；in case以防,以免 ,lest免得,以防 ,for fear that 以免,惟恐 等；从句中一般含有 can , could, may, might ,will, would 等情态动词；如：（18） I d like to arrive 20 minutes early I can have time for a cup of tea. A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that 解析：选 D,句意为：为了有时间喝杯茶,我想早到 20 分钟；（19） I always take something to r

27、ead when I go to the doctor s I have to wait. A. in case B. so that C. in order D. as if 解析：去看病时带些读物,明显是“ 以防万一” 需要久等时好阅读,应选 A；考点五：缘由状语从句名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载引导缘由状语从句的从属连词有 because, since, now that, when既然 , as, seeing that 由于 , considering that, given tha

28、t 考虑到 等；如：（20） Parents should take seriously their children s requests for sunglasses eye protection is necessary in sunny weather. A. because B. though C. unless D. if 解析：“ 艳阳天里有必要爱护眼睛” 是“ 父母亲应当仔细对待孩子们买太阳镜的要求” 的缘由,应选 A；（21）everybody knows about it ,I don t want to talk any more. A. For B. Even C. S

29、ince D. However 解析：答案是 C；句意是：既然大家都明白此事,我就不多说了；（22）you ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. A Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as 解析：选 A ,句意为：既然你有机会,你不妨充分利用它；（23） Why do you want a new job you ve got such a good one already. A. that B. where C. which D. when 解析：选 D,句意为：既然你有

30、了这么好的一份工作,干吗不要找新的工作呢？考点六：让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的从属连词有 although, though, as, while 虽然 , even if/though 即使 , whether or 不论不管 仍是 以及“ 疑问词 +ever” 和“no matter +疑问词” 等；如：（24）,he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be C. Be a quiet student a

31、s he may D. Quiet as he may be a student 解析： as 引导让步状语从句时,表语、状语等要置于句首；当表语是单数名词前时,前面的不定冠词通常省略,应选；（25）I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless 解析：由句意“ 尽管我承认他并不十全十美,但我的确喜爱他” 可知用While （尽管）,应选 A；（26） There was never any time for Kate to feel lo

32、nely, she was an only child. A. ever since B. now that C. even though D. even as 解析：选 C,句意是：尽管 Kate 是独生女,但她从未感到孤独；（27） -Dad, I ve finished my assignment. -Good, and you play or watch TV, you mustn t disturb me. A. whenever B. whether C. whatever D. no matter 解析：选 B,句意是：不管你玩仍是看电视,你千万不要打搅我；（28） He tri

33、ed his best to solve the problem, difficult it was. A however B. no matter C. whatever D. although 解析：因 difficult 是形容词,修饰形容词要用连接副词 however（不管多么） ,应选 A；注：英语中,表示“ 虽然,尽管” 之类的连词不行与表示“ 但是” 的词 与 yet ,still 等连用；如：（29） Although he is considered a great writer, . A. his works are not widely read B. but his w

34、orks are not widely read C. however his works are not widely read D. still his works are not widely read but 和副词 however 等连用,但可名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载解析： although 不与 but 或 however 连用, 排除 B 和 C；虽可与 still 连用, 但 still 应放在 are 之后, 排除 D；应选 A；考点七：状语从句的连词这是状语从句最常见

35、的考查形式,命题意图是检测考生对规律关联词的实际运用才能；近年来考查的热点聚焦于：1. 引导时间状语从句的 when, while, as, before, until, since ；引导条件状语从句的 unless, once；引导地点状语从句的 where 以及引导目的 或结果 状语从句的 so that 等这些一般连词；2. 引导时间状语从句的 the moment , immediately ；引导条件状语从句的 in case；引导缘由状语从句的now that 和引导让步状语从句的 even if,even though 等这些特别连词；例如： . It was some tim

36、e _ we realized the truth. A. when B. until C. since D. before . - Why didn t you tell him about the meeting. - He rushed out of the room _ I could say a word. A. before B. until C. when D. after 简析： before 说明主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词之间的先后关系,有“ 在 以前”, “ 没来得及 就 ” ,“ 不等 就 ” 的意思 如句 ；句考查的是句型 It + be + 时间段 + before.

37、 过了 /要过如干时间某人才做某事 ； . _ you tried it, you can t imagine how pleasant it is. A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. When 简析： unless 意为“ 除非,如不”,相当于 if not ； . If you are traveling _ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do. A. in which B. what C. when D. where 是地点状语从句,in whi

38、ch 用于引导定语从简析：句中 where the customs are really foreign to your own 句,因而不选A 项； . I d like to arrive 20 minutes early _ I can have time for a cup of tea. A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that 简析：句中 so that（以便 ）引导的是目的状语从句； . You d better take something to read when you go to see the doctor _

39、 you have to wait. A. even if B. as if C. in case D. in order that 简析：句中 in case（以防万一 ）引导的是条件状语从句； . - Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her. - Yes , I gave it to her _ I saw her . A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once 简析： the moment （一 就 ）引导时间状语从句,与as soon as immediately 相同； . T

40、here was never any time for Kate to feel lonely , _ she was an only child. A. ever since B. now that C. even though D. even as 简析： even though she was an only child （尽管她是独生子女）是让步状语从句；考点八：状语从句的时态主要考查 1. 在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的时间；2. when, before , after 引导的从句的动作与主句动作的先后关系；例如： . - What could you do

41、if it _ tomorrow. - We have to carry it on , since we ve got everything ready. A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining . When the old man _ to walk back to his house, the sun _ itself behind the mountain. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载A. started; had already h

42、idden B. had started ; had already hidden C. had started; was hiding D. was starting ; hid 简析：如主从句的动作先后发生在过去,通常先发生的用过去完成时；的先后关系,所以主从句的动作都可用一般过去时；考点九：状语从句的强调before, after 本身已能表达动作主要考查如何强调not until 引导的时间状语从句和because引导的缘由状语从句；例如：It was not until she got home _ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys. A

43、. when B. that C. where D. before 简析：强调句的基本结构是 It is/was +被强调部分 +that/who. 要判定一个句子是不是强调句,可以把It is/was . that/who. 去掉,适当调整语序,假如句子完整,那肯定是强调句；not until. 句型的强调句形式为 It was not until . that. ；考点十：状语从句的成分省略主要考查在时间、条件、缘由、让步、方式等状语从句中的成分省略问题或依据省略情形解决问题的才能；例如： . The research is so designed that once _ nothing

44、can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun . While watching television, _ . A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings 简析：句中 once begun 实际上就是 once it is begun 的省略形式；解答句时要考虑到状语从句成分省略的前提条件,那就是：主从句主语相同,且从句中含有 be 动词,因此我们可从 watching television 判断出主从句的主语都应是 we ,再由 rings 的形式错误排除 D；考点十一：状语从