经济商业报道及财务知识分析(共57页DOC).docx

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1、最新资料推荐Business商业(Ye)报道German weapons firms德(De)国武器公司No farewell to arms不和武器(Qi)说再见Political pressure and bribery allegations are unlikely to hurt Germanys exporters of military equipment.看起来政治压力和受贿指控都不会影响德国的军事装备出口公司。SINCE the second world war, Germany has rarely sent soldiers to combat zones.自二战以来，德

2、国几乎不曾向战争地区派兵。But it exports a lot of weapons: more than Britain, France or any other country besides America and Russia.然而它却出口了大量武器：超过英国、法国以及除美国、俄罗斯之外的所有其他国家。Some German makers of military gear are part of civilian industrial giants, such as Airbus Group, and ThyssenKrupp, a steelmaker.德国的武器制造商中有些隶属

3、于私有的工业巨头，比如空客集团，还有钢铁制造商蒂森克虏伯集团。But the biggest German company known mainly for weapons, Rheinmetall, is just 26th in the world league of arms-exporting firms.然而，即使是德国著名的以武器业务为主的公司中最大的莱茵金属公司，在世界武器出口公司中也仅仅排在26位。And Krauss Maffei Wegmann, which makes the Leopard 2 tank, is 54th.而制造出豹2坦克的Krauss Maffei W

4、egmann则位居54位。Germans are, in general, proud of their export prowess.总的来说，德国对自己的出口实力感到骄傲。But although foreign sales of weaponry bring in almost 1 billion a year, they are a delicate subject, and lately beset by bad press.但是尽管武器外贸带来了将近10亿欧元一年的利润，这是一项非常微妙的行业，并且近日承受的巨大压力。Several German firms are accused

5、 of bribery in Greece.数家德国公司被指控在希腊行贿。A former defence official there has said that of 8m in bribes he took, 3.2m came from German firms, including Wegmann and Rheinmetall.希腊一位前国防部官员曾说，在他被行贿的800万欧元中有320万来自于德国公司，其中包括Wegman和莱茵金属公司。On January 3rd KMWs alleged middleman was detained after a court hearing

6、.在1月3日，一位宣称的KMW中间人在庭审后被拘留。The firm itself denies any bribery.该公司自己否认有行贿行为。2_副本.jpgAtlas, a maker of naval weapons owned jointly by Airbus and ThyssenKrupp, is under fire too.空客集团和蒂森克虏伯(Bo)共有的海军武器制造商Atlas也正受到打击。A former representative in Athens has reportedly admitted to bribery; the company says it

7、is investigating the matter.一(Yi)位前雅典代表在报道中承认行贿；该公司则表示其正在进行调查。On another front, the industry faces criticism over the countries it sells tomost recently over a deal to sell Leopard 2s to Saudi Arabia.另一方面，该产业因其售(Shou)卖武器的对象而受到批评最近是因为向沙特阿拉伯卖出豹2。Arms sales to anywhere other than NATO and NATO-equivale

8、nt countries are in principle forbidden.向北约以及北约等同国家以外的国家和地区销售武器从原则上说是禁止的。But the Federal Security Council, headed by Chancellor Angela Merkel, can approve exceptions when foreign policy dictates, as long as they do not harm human rights.但是由总理安吉拉默克尔领导的联邦安全局可以在外交政策需要时批准一些特殊情况，只要他们对于人权没有损害。Peace campai

9、gners fear that the exceptions are becoming less exceptional.和平活动者们担心这些些特殊情况正变得越来越不特殊。NATO countries budgets are being squeezed, so Germanys armsmakers are looking farther abroad.北约国家正紧缩财政，因而德国武器制造商们只能将目光转向了远方的国家。Rheinmetall, for example, has a target of 50% of exports outside Europe by 2015.比如，莱茵金属

10、基团计划在2015年前将欧洲以外地区的出口比重提高到50%。Asia is a growing target: Singapore recently signed a 1.6 billion deal for ThyssenKrupp submarines.亚洲是一个快速成长的目标：新加坡最近签署了一份价值16亿欧元的合同用于购买蒂森克虏伯潜艇。German small arms are also popular. Heckler & Kochs G3 rifle is the worlds most popular after the Russian AK-47.德国的小型武器同样很

11、受欢迎。赫克勒-科赫G3步枪的受欢迎程度仅次于俄国的AK47。Germany was a leader in pushing the UN to restrict the flow of small arms to war-torn countries.德国是推动联合国限制对战争频繁地区的小型武器出售的领导者之一。But such weapons leak across borders nonetheless.尽管如此，此类武器依然会进入这些地区。This is why Helmut Schmidt, a former chancellor, in December urged Germany

12、 to restrict arms exports, calling gun deaths a slow-motion Hiroshima and Nagasaki.这也是为何前总理赫尔穆特施密特在12月督促德国限制武器出口，他称枪支引发死亡如同慢性的广岛和长崎原子弹爆炸。His fellow Social Democrat, Frank-Walter Steinmeier, promised to restrict sales if his party made it into government after last Septembers elections.他的社会民主党同僚，弗兰克沃

13、尔特施泰因迈尔曾承诺如果去年9月选举后其党派成功执政，就会限制武器出口。It did: Mr Steinmeier is now foreign minister, and sits on the Federal Security Council.这一条件已经实现：施泰因迈尔(Er)现在是外交部长，并任职于联邦安全委员会。But Germanys arms exports are probably in little danger, since they have the same reputation for reliability as its cars and other industr

14、ial goods.但是德国的武器出口看(Kan)似并无危险，因为它的武器产品在可靠性方面有着和汽车及其他工业产品一样的好名声。Even Pieter Wezeman of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, a critic of weapons sales, compares a Heckler & Koch gun to a high-quality Leica camera.甚至斯特哥尔摩和平研究所的Pieter Wezeman，一位(Wei)武器销售的批评者，也将赫克勒-科赫枪支比作质量优异的徕卡相机。T

15、hough German soldiers mostly stay clear of combat zones, German weapons are battle-tested; Leopard tanks in the former Yugoslavia and Afghanistan, for example.虽然德国士兵不曾踏足战争区域，德国的武器可是经过实战检验的；豹型坦克就曾现身前南斯拉夫和阿富汗。Moreover, there are ways to lessen the controversy of selling things used to wage war.此外，还有许多

16、方法来减少战争武器销售的争议性。For example, making guns for a fighter jet assembled elsewhere is less visible than selling a German-made tank.比如，为在其他地区组装的战斗机制造枪支同直接卖出德国制造的坦克相比要不显眼许多。Military transport, logistics, surveillance and protective equipment together account for five times as much of German defence firms

17、output as weapons and ammunitionand are less likely to be blamed for civilian casualties.军事运输设备、后勤物资、监视和防护设备总计是德国国防公司武器和军火出口额的5倍，而且这些生意不会受到引发平民死亡的谴责。Stephan Boehm, an analyst at Commerzbank, sees such non-lethal materiel as a bright spot for German exporters.德国商业银行的分析师Stephan Boehm将这些非致密材料看做是德国出口的闪光

18、点。The flagging fortunes of Rheinmetall, in particular, should be restored by strong sales of the armoured transporters it produces in a joint venture with MAN, a lorry-maker.需要指出的是，莱茵金属公司的巨大财富中不少就源自于它和货车制造商MAN联合制造的装甲运输车辆的良好销量业绩。Critics say the government is too willing to let arms firms export to do

19、dgy regimes.不少批评认为政府太想要将武器公司出口到过于冒险的区域。The Federation of German Security & Defence Industries argues that strong exports are crucial to spread the development costs of the equipment Germany needs to defend itself.德国安全和国防工业联合(He)会争辩说繁荣的武器出口对于分担德国发展国防设备的花费至关重要。This would be less of a problem, the

20、lobby group admits, if Europes fragmented defence industry were consolidated; it says the government should not have vetoed a proposal last year to merge EADS with BAE Systems of Britain.游说者们也承认，如果欧洲散乱的国防工业能得到统一的话，这个问题就会小很多；他(Ta)们还提到，政府不应在去年否决EADS和英国的BAE System合并的提议。Weapons account for less than 1%

21、of Germanys exports.武器出口在德国总(Zong)出口中所占比重不足1%。But it is a 1% that it, like other countries, is loth to give up.但是如同其他国家一样，德国无法割舍这1%。Business商业报道Cable television有线电视The 61 billion proposal耗资610亿的提案The latest plot twists in a continuing television drama电视连续剧中最新的情节突转SPURNED suitors usually nurse the wo

22、unds of rejection quietly.令人唾弃的起诉者通常悄然的治愈拒绝的伤口。2_副本.jpgNot in the cable-television industry. Having unsuccessfully approached Time Warner Cable twice last year, Charter Communications, a rival American cable operator, has gone public with a new proposal.这并不是在电缆电视行业。美国有线电视运营商的竞争对手Charter通讯，两次试图接近时代华纳

23、有线公司都未能成功，现在又有一个新的提案已经上市。On January 14th Charter announced a bid valuing TWC at 61 billion including debt, offering 132.50 ashare compared with the 95 or so they were fetching early last June, when rumours of its approach emerged.1月14日charter宣布为时代华纳有限公司估价610亿，提供一个份额132.50美元相比于原来的95美元高出许多。早在去年六月这些做法就

24、流传出来了。Charters boss, Tom Rutledge, wrote a public letter to Robert Marcus, the boss of TWC, beseeching him to consider the offer, and held a conference call to seek shareholders backing for the bid.Charter的老板汤姆?拉特里奇写了一封公开信给TWC的老板罗伯特马库斯，求他考虑该提案，并举行了电话会议，以寻求股东的支持。TWCs executives are playing hard to ge

25、t: they want a higher price, and vow not to let Charter steal the company.TWC的高管们欲擒故纵，他们希望得到更高的价格，并发誓决不让charter公司窃取。For those who have been following this cable drama, it has been a question of when, not if, the industry would consolidate.对于(Yu)那些一直在遵循这种电缆剧的人来说，一直有个有关行业巩固的时间问题，而不是是否的问题。TWC isAmerica

26、s second-largest cable operator by subscribers, after Comcast, and Charter is the fourth-largest.TWC是继康卡斯(Si)特后的美国第二大有线电视运营商，而charter排名第四位。John Malone, one of the industrys pioneers, whose company, Liberty Media, is Charters biggest shareholder, is among many in the business calling for mergers.行业的先

27、驱之(Zhi)一约翰马龙，他的公司自有媒体是行业最大的股东，也是众多的业务中要求兼并的公司之一。This would help cable firms fend off competition from satellite operators, phone companies and streaming services like Netflix, which are poaching their customers for internet service and for films and TV shows.这将帮助有线电视公司抵御来自卫星运营商，电话公司和如Netflix的流媒体服务等互

28、联网服务对他们客户的偷猎和对电视电影节目的竞争。Besides letting them cut costsCharter reckons a merger with TWC could save at least 500ma yearscale would also give cable operators more clout when negotiating with content providers over the rates they have to pay to carry their channels.除了让他们削减成本，charter打算与TWC合并每年可以节省至少5亿，而

29、且在于提供商洽谈必须支付的渠道费率时也使有线运营商更有底气。Last year TWC got into a fight with CBS over its fees, which led to a blackout of CBS channels for a month until the two reached agreement.去年TWC与CBS战斗而花费了过多的费用，这导致CBS频道停摆了一个多月，直到两方协议达成。TWC lost more than 300,000 customers during the third quarter, many of them as a resu

30、lt of this spat.TWC在第三季度失去了超过30万客户，其中不乏是因为这种争吵而出现的结果。With its latest proposal judged still inadequate, Charter will have to decide whether to offer more.其最新的提案也有不足之处，charter将不得不决定是否要提供更多。Other cable firms, such as Comcast, may enter the fray, offering to buy all or part of TWC.其他的有线电视公司，如comcast公司，可

31、能会加入战斗，提供购买TWC所需的全部或部分资金。Pay-television is not a growth business for cable operators, so they must become more creative to increase sales.付费电视并不是有线电视运营商增长业务的方式，所以他们想要增加销售必须变得更有创意。One area of experimentation is to offer broadband along with a light television package, as several cable providers are d

32、oing in certain markets, to appeal to wallet-wise youngsters.实验的一个方面是提供宽带伴随着光的电视包装，几个有线运营商正在(Zai)做某些市场，以吸引钱包鼓鼓的青少年。Others are selling metered broadband, with the cost tied to usage.其他(Ta)正在销售的计量宽带，花费和使用成本紧紧相连。Cable firms and other internet providers may soon be free to try even more radical experime

33、nts with pricing.有线(Xian)电视公司和其他互联网服务供应商们可能很快可以尝试更为激进的实验与定价。On January 14th an appeals court struck down federal rules that required them to treat all internet traffic equallya policy called net neutrality.1月14日上诉法院推翻了一个名为网络中立的联邦规则，这个政策要求他们对待所有互联网流量相等。If the courts ruling prevails, this would let ca

34、ble firms and other internet providers start demanding payment from bandwidth-hungry suppliers of video, such as Netflix, for speedy delivery to viewers.如果以法院的判决为准，这将让有线电视公司和其他互联网服务供应商开始要求高宽带视频用户，如Netflix快速传达给观众。Besides giving cable firms a juicy new source of income, this could curb the expansion o

35、f an increasingly powerful group of competitors for providing packages of video content.除了给电缆公司提供收入的新来源，这可能遏制日益强大的集团竞争对手扩张提供视频内容。The cable firms could also favour video sites in which they had an interest: for example, Comcast part-owns Hulu, a rival to Netflix.电缆公司也可能对视频网站感兴趣，例如，Netflix的竞争对手hulu他们有

36、用comcast的部分股权。As any fan knows, cable-TV dramas tend to be long-running and full of plot twists.由于任何人都知道，电缆电视剧往往是长时间运行而又情节曲折，This one will probably be no different. Stay tuned.这其中可能会没什么不同。敬请关注。Science and technology科学技术Dinosaur behaviour恐龙行为Headbangers疯狂撞头的家伙Evidence of duelling dinosaurs战斗性恐龙的证据WOR

37、KING out how an extinct animal behaved when it was alive is tricky.对于灭绝的生物来说，要研究出它们存活时的行为是很棘手，But it is not always impossible,不过也不是完(Wan)全不可能。2_副(Fu)本.jpgas Joseph Peterson and Collin Dischler of the University of Wisconsin explained on October 17th to the Society of Vertebrate Palaeontology meeting

38、 held in Raleigh, North Carolina.10月(Yue)17日，在北卡罗莱纳州罗利市举行的古脊椎动物学会议上，美国威斯康星大学的约瑟夫彼得森和柯林狄斯勒就对肿头龙的习性做出了一些解释。Pachycephalosaurs lived 65m years ago.肿头龙生活在6500万年前。As their name suggests, they had large, bony, domed heads.正如其名称所说，它们有巨大的、高隆的头骨。For years, it was assumed they used these to bash one another in

39、 the way that rams do now.多年来，人们一直认为肿头龙用头攻击同类，就像现在的公羊一样。Recently, though, a second suggestion has surfacedthat rather than for fighting, the domes were for show; the dinosaur equivalent of a peacocks tail.不过最近有人提出另外一个假设：它们的大脑袋不是为了战斗，而是出于展示的目的作用相当于孔雀的尾巴。Dr Peterson and Dr Dischler put these two theor

40、ies into a head-to-head competition.彼得森和狄斯勒博士让这两种理论来了个头对头的正面对抗。To do so, they studied 102 pachycephalosaur skulls, of various species.为此，他们研究了102只不同品种肿头龙的头骨。They found that 23 of these skulls had pits in them, and that these pits were similar both to each other and to those found in the skulls of li

41、ving animals that bash each other with their heads.他们发现其中23只头骨上有凹坑。这些凹坑彼此类似。而且现存的用头部撞击同类的动物中，头骨上的凹坑也与之类似。That supported the head-butting theory. The clincher, though, came when they created computerised models of pachycephalosaur skulls and mapped the damage from each of their pitted specimens on to

42、 these virtual skulls.这支持了头部冲撞理论。不过决定性的证据来自于他们用计算机模拟的肿头龙头骨。他们将每个有坑样本的损伤部位标注在虚拟的头骨上。When they did this, they found that the pits were clusteredexactly as might be expected if they were the result of animals deliberately aiming at each other.这样操作后，他们发现凹坑聚集分布，正如人们假设的那样：是肿头龙故意用头部攻击彼此的结果。Intriguingly, th

43、ey found two patterns of clustering.有意思的是，他们发现凹坑有两种聚集图案。Those pachycephalosaurs with highly domed heads had pits on both the fronts and the backs of their skulls.那些不太隆起的头骨仅在前方有凹坑，而非常高隆的则前后都有。Those whose domes were lower had them only on the fronts.这证明了两种肿头龙攻击时的不同。This suggests the two sorts of anima

44、l fought in different ways. Low-domes, it seems, simply charged at each other. High-domes did that too.相对低隆的一种似乎仅向对方迎头(Tou)冲撞。But they also engaged in head-to-head wrestling of a sort that allowed them to get behind their opponentsskulls and do damage from the rear, in the way that modern bison do.非

45、常高隆的肿头龙除此之外还会采取头对头式摔跤法：能够碰到对方头骨的背部，从后面对彼此造成损(Sun)伤，好比如今的野牛。None of which proves that pachycephalosaurs did not strut their stuff with their domes as well, just as a stag will often show off its antlers before engaging in combat, in order to give a less well-endowed rival the opportunity to withdraw.

46、然而，两种图案都没有否定(Ding)肿头龙自豪地迈步时也在炫耀他们的大脑袋。成年雄鹿就经常在战斗之前展示它的鹿角，为了使天生劣势的对手借机撤退。But it does demonstrate that the domes were serious weapons, not mere fripperies of fashion.不过这确实证明了高隆的头骨是很厉害的武器，而不仅仅是时髦的矫饰品。Science and technology科学技术3D printing三维压制A third-world dimension第三世界的发展空间A new manufacturing technique

47、could help poor countries as well as rich ones一项新的制造技术能够对贫困国家有所帮助，就像对那些富有国家的帮助一样。EVERY summer, Seattle holds a raft race in Green Lake, a park that is the eponymous home of the water the rafts must cross.每年夏天，西雅图都会在绿湖举行一场木筏比赛，参加比赛的木筏必须渡过这个湖，这里的公园因其湖水而闻名。Entries for the Milk Carton Derby have to be m

48、ade from old plastic milk bottles.参加这场同城牛奶盒比赛的木筏必须是由旧的塑料牛奶盒制成。2_副本.jpgThe result is a wonderfully Heath-Robinson collection of improvised craft.结果，你就会看到一场奇妙的希思-鲁宾逊简易工艺展。But this year one stood out: the entry from the University of Washingtons engineering department actually looked like a boat.但是今年，有一个参赛的木筏特别引人注目：这个木筏是华盛顿大学工程系做的，看起来真的像一只船。The students who built it, Matthew Rogge, Bethany Weeks