2022年职称英语-理工-B类每日一练06-04-职称英语-理工-B类.docx

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1、2022年职称英语-理工-B类每日一练06-04-职称英语-理工-B类Invisibility RingScientists cant yet make an invisibility cloak1 like the one that Harry Potter2 uses. But，for the first time，theyve constructed a simple cloaking device that makes itself and something placed inside it invisible to microwaves.When a person “sees” a

2、n object，his or her eye senses many different waves of visible light as they bounce off the object. The eye and brain then work together to organize these sensations and reconstruct the objects original shape. So，to make an object invisible，scientists have to keep waves from bouncing off it. And the

3、y have to make sure the object casts no shadow. Otherwise，the absence of reflected light on one side would give the object away.Invisibility isnt possible yet with waves of light that the human eye can see. But it is now possible with microwaves. Like visible light，microwaves are a form of radiant e

4、nergy. They are part of the electromagnetic spectrum，which also includes radio waves，infrared light，ultraviolet rays，X rays，and gamma rays. The wavelengths of microwaves are shorter than those of radio waves but longer than those of visible light.The scientists new “invisibility device” is the size

5、of a drink coaster and shaped like a ring. The ring is made of a special material with unusual ability. When microwaves strike the ring，very few bounce off it. Instead，they pass through the ring，which bends the waves all the way around until they reach the opposite side. The waves then return to the

6、ir original paths.To a detector set up to receive microwaves on the other side of the ring，it looks as if the waves never changed their paths as if there were no object in the way! So，the ring is effectively invisible.When the researchers put a small copper loop inside the ring，it，too，is nearly invi

7、sible. However，the cloaking device and anything inside it do cast a pale shadow. And the device works only for microwaves，not for visible light or any kind of electromagnetic radiation. So，Harry Potters invisibility cloak doesnt have any real competition yet. 词汇:invisibility / nvzblt /n.看不见，无形spectr

8、um / spektrm /n.光说cloak / klk /n.斗篷，披风infrared / klk /adj.红外线的microwave / makr()wev /n.微波Ultraviolet ray 紫外线reconstruct / ri:knstrkt /v.以重建gamma ray 伽马射线radiant / redint /adj.辐射的wavelength / wevle/n.波长electromagnetic / lektrmgnetk /adj.电磁的coaster / kst(r) /n.托盒，垫子注释:1. an invisibility cloak见注释2。本文题目

9、invisibility Ring即invisibility cloak构成。2. Harry Potter: Harry Potter是英国女作家J. K. Rowling魔幻系列小说笔下的男主人公。在故事中，他的父亲留给他一件隐身衣，即invisibility cloak。null1、Harry Potter is mentioned in the passage，because scientistsA. can now make an invisible cloak of the same kind as he uses.B. try to make an invisible cloak

10、 of the same kind as he uses.C. try to invent a device Similar in idea to the invisible cloak he uses.D. know that it is possible to make an invisible cloak of the same kind.Underground Coal Fires a Looming Catastrophe1Coal burning deep underground in China, India and Indonesia is threatening the en

11、vironment and human life, scientists have warned.2 these large-scale underground blazes cause the ground temperature to heat up and kill surrounding vegetation, produce greenhouse gases and can even ignite forest first, a panel3 of scientists told the annual meeting of the American Association For t

12、he Advancement of Science in Denver4. The resulting release of poisonous elements like arsenic and mercury can also pollute local water sources and soils, they warned.“Coal fires are a global catastrophe,” said Associate Professor Glenn Stracher of East Georgia College in Swainsboro, USA, But surpri

13、singly few people know about them.Coal can heat up on its own5, and eventually catch fire and burn, if there is a continuous oxygen supply. The heat produced is not cause to disappear and under the right combinations of sunlight and oxygen, can trigger spontaneous6 catching fire and burning. This ca

14、n occur underground, in coal stockpiles7, abandoned mines or even as coal is transported. Such fires in China consume8 up to9 200 million tones of coal per year, delegates were told. In comparison, the U.S. economy consumes about one billion tones of coal annually, said Stracher, whose analysis of t

15、he likely impact of coal fires has been accepted for publication in the International Journal of Coal Ecology. Once underway,10 coal fires can burn for decades, even centuries. In the process, they release large volumes of greenhouse gases poisonous fumes and black particles into the atmosphere.The

16、members of the panel discussed the impact these fires may be having on global and regional climate change, and agreed that the underground nature of the fires makes them difficult to protect. One of the members of the panel, Assistant Professor Paul Van Dijk of the International Institute for Geo-In

17、formation Science and Earth observation in the Netherlands, has been working with the Chinese government to detect and monitor fires in the northern regions of the country.Ultimately, the remote sensing and other techniques should allow scientists to estimate how much carbon dioxide these fires are

18、emitting. One suggested method of containing11 the fires was presented by Gary Colaizzi, of the engineering firm Goodson, which has developed a heat-resistant grout (a thin mortar12 used to fill cracks and crevices), which is designed to be pumped into the coal fire to cut off13 the oxygen supply.词汇

19、：loom / lu:m / vi. 迫近fume / fju:m / n. 烟，气，汽greenhouse / ri:nhas / n. 温室soot / st / 煤烟，油烟arsenic / :snk / n. 砷carbon dioxide 二氧化碳underway / ndwe / adj. 在进行中的grout /rat / n. 灰浆，水泥浆crevice /krevs/ n. 裂缝注释：1.looming catastrophe：loom意为“to seem imminent；to impend”（看似即将发生；迫近）。looming catastrophe：即将来临的灾难。2

20、.Coal burning deep underground in China, India and Indonesia is threatening the environment and human life, scientists have warned：句子的前半句Coal burning deepis threatening the environment and human life，是后半句scientists have warned的宾语。正常的语序是：Scientists have warned that coal burning deep underground in Ch

21、ina，India and Indonesia is threatening the environment and human life.同段第二句、第三句都是这种结构。3.a panel：意为“a group of people gathered to plan for or discuss an issue”（专门小组，聚在一起策划或讨论一个问题的一群人）4.Denver：丹佛，美国科罗拉多州首府和最大的城市，位于该州中北部。5.on its own：意为“independent of outside help”（独立于外来的帮助）6.spontaneous：意为“happening o

22、r arising without apparent external cause”（自然产生的，非由显然的外力诱发或产生的）。7.coal stockpiles：煤堆8.consume：意为“to destroy totally”（毁灭）。下面一句中的consume，意为“use up”（消耗，花费）9.up to：相当于10.Once underway：一旦燃烧起来；underway：正在进行（工作）中的。11.contain：意为“to hold or keep within limits”（抑制，控制）12.thin mortar：稀砂浆，稀灰浆13.cut off：切断，隔绝。2、W

23、hat did Stracher analyze in his article published in the International Journal of Coal Ecology?A. Annual consumption of coal in U.S.B. Annual consumption of coal in China.C. How long coal fires has lasted in the northern region of China.D. Coal fires can have an impact on the environment.Mind-readin

24、g1Machine A team of researchers in California has developed a way to predict what kinds of objects people are looking at by scanning whats happening in their brains. When you look at something, your eyes send a signal about that object to your brain. Different regions of the brain process the inform

25、ation your eyes send. Cells in your brain called neurons are responsible for this processing. The fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)2 brain scans could generally match electrical activity in the brain to the basic shape of a picture that someone was looking at. Like cells anywhere else in

26、your body, active neurons use oxygen. Blood brings oxygen to the neurons, and the more active a neuron is, the more oxygen it will consume. The more active a region of the brain, the more active its neurons, and in turn, the more blood will travel to that region. And by using fMRI, scientists can vi

27、sualize3which parts of the brain receive more oxygen-rich blood and therefore, which parts are working to process information. An fMRI machine is a device that scans the brain and measures changes in blood flow to the brain. The technology shows researchers how brain activity changes when a person t

28、hinks, looks at something, or carries out an activity like speaking or reading. By highlighting the areas of the brain at work when a person looks at different images, fMRI may help scientists determine specific patterns of brain activity associated with different kinds of images. The California res

29、earchers tested brain activity by having two volunteers view hundreds of pictures of everyday objects, like people, animals, and fruits. The scientists used an fMRI machine to record the volunteers brain activity with each photograph they looked at. Different objects caused different regions of the

30、volunteers brains to light up on the scan, indicating activity. The scientists used this information to build a model to predict how the brain might respond to any image the eyes see. In a second test, the scientists asked the volunteers to look at 120 new pictures. Like before, their brains were sc

31、anned every time they looked at a new image. This time, the scientists used their model to match the fMRI scans to the image. For example, if a scan in the second test showed the same pattern of brain activity that was strongly related to pictures of apples in the first test, their model would have

32、predicted the volunteers were looking at apples.词汇：scan /skAn/ v. &n. 扫描neuron /5njuErCn/ n. 神经元visualize /5vIzjJElaIz/ v.使可见；设想注释:1. Mind-reading: 能读出（猜出）人的想法的。 mind-read: 可做动词，如， As a successful salesman, he is able to mind-read his customers.2. FMRI（functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging）：功能性磁振造影。

33、这是一种新兴的神经影像学方式，其原理是利用磁振造影来测量神经元活动所引发之血液动力的改变。3. visualize: 意为 make（something）visible to the eye，即“使可见，使显现 ”。3、What did the researchers experiment on?A. Animals, objects, and fruits.B. Two volunteers.C. fMRI machines.D. Thousands of pictures.Reinventing the TableAn earth scientist has rejigged the pe

34、riodic table1to make chemistry simpler to teach to students. 1 But Bruce Railsback from the University of Georgia3 says he is the first to create a table that breaks with tradition and shows the ions of each element rather than just the elements themselves.“I got tired of breaking my arms trying to

35、explain the periodic table to earth students,”he says, criss-crossing his hands in the air and pointing to different bits of a traditional table. 2 But he has added contour lines to charge density, helping to explain which ions react with which.“Geochemists just want an intuitive sense of whats goin

36、g on with the elements,” says Albert Galy from the University of Cambridge4. 3 4 He explains that sulphur, for example, shows up in three different spots one for sulphide, which is found in minerals, one for sulphite, and one for sulphate, which is found in sea salt, for instance.He has also include

37、d symbols to show which ions arc nutrients, and which are common in soil or water. 5 词汇：rejig /rid/n.调整,重新安排ion /an/n.离子criss-cross /kris krs/vt.交叉proton /prtn/n.质子geochemistn.地球化学家sulphur /slf/n.硫黄sulphide /slfad/n.硫化物sulphite /slfait/n.亚硫酸盐sulphate /slfet/n.硫酸物nutrient /njutrnt/n.滋养物注释：1. the peri

38、odic table：元素周期表2. Mendeleev：门捷列夫3. the University of Georgia：乔治亚大学4. the University of Cambridge：剑桥大学练习：A There have been many attempts to redesign the periodic table since Dmitri Mendeleev drew it up in 1871.B Railsback has still ordered the elements according to the number of protons they have.C

39、“I imagine this would be good for undergraduates.”D Railsback has listed some elements more than once.E And the size of elements symbol reflects how much of it is found in the Earths crust.F The traditional periodic table was well drawn.4、空5A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FThe Magic of SoundMusic is one of t

40、he most beautiful forms of artistic expressions ever invented. In movies and plays, music has an added function1: it not only moves people but also can shock people. Is it true that an ordinary musical instrument can be so powerful?Our eardrums can withstand sound within 20 to 80 decibels. Once soun

41、d exceeds this limit2, even beautiful music will become car-splitting noise3and harm health. A strong blast of high sound can twist and break a solid iron sheet. 1 The noise from a planes engine is over 140 decibels. However, the sound of a flute is at most a few decibels. 2 It has been proven that

42、people who have worked in an environment with a high sound intensity for a long time suffer varying degrees of heart disease or altered brain waves.In movies, sometimes the hero can produce a sound that ordinary people cant hear and only those who have the same ability can feel. In nature, there is

43、actually sound that is beyond our hearing. In physics, the sound that exceeds 20,000 Hz is called ultrasonic. 3 It does no harm to health.Sound less than 20 Hz is called infrasonic waves. When we move, the air will vibrate. 4 As the frequency of infrasonic waves is close to that of peoples internal

44、organs4, infrasonic wave may cause resonance in human bodies. As a result, peoples vision may weaken and internal organs may rupture. However, whether an infrasonic wave can be used as a weapon depends on its intensity5. If its intensity is very low, it wont damage internal organs or a persons healt

45、h. 5 When wind blows at a force of 3 or 4 over the sea6, it will produce infrasonic waves of several decibels. Only typhoons can produce infrasonic waves of over 100 decibels. At present, scientists can only produce infrasonic weapons in the lab with the help of advanced scientific tools and powerfu

46、l electric power.词汇：Immigrant / mgrnt / vt. 使移居入地Unique / ni:k / adj. 独特的Scanner / skn(r) / n. 扫描仪Disrupt / dsrpt / vt. 使中断Bilingual / balgwl / adj. 具备双语能力的Neuroscientist / njrsantst / n. 神经系统家注释：1. an added function：另加的一种功能2. Once sound exceeds this limit：一旦声音越过了这个界限。 once是时间状语从句的连词。如： Once you hav

47、e learned how to swim, you will love this sport. 一旦你学会了游泳，你会爱上这一运动的。3. ear-splitting noise：震耳欲聋的噪音4. As the frequency of infrasonic waves is close to that of peoples internal organs：由于次声波的频率接近于人体内部器官的频率。 that指代前面的 frequency。5. However, whether an infrasonic wave can be used as a weapon depends on its intensity：但是，次声波能否用作武器取决于次声波的强度。 whether an infrasonic wave can be used as a weapon是从句，用作句子的主语。6. When wind blows at a force of 3 or 4 over the sea：当海面上吹起 34级风的时候练习：A High sound of 150 decibels can kill a healthy rat.B The vibration of air can produce infrasonic waves.C We cannot p