初中英语知识汇总(4).doc

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1、初二年级（中）【知识梳理】I. 重点短语1. give a concert2. fall down3. go on4. at the end of5. go back 6. in ahurry7. write down8. come out9. all the year round10. later on 11. at times 12. ring sb. up 13. Happy New Year! 14. have a party 15. hold on16. hear from17. be ready 18. at the moment19. take out 20.the same a

2、s21. turn over22. get-together23. put on24. take a seat25. wait for26. get lost27. just then28. first of all29. go wrong30. make a noise31. get on32. get off33. stand in line34. at the head of35. laugh at36. throw about37. in fact38. at midnight39. enjoy oneself40. have a headache41. have a cough42.

3、 fall asleep43. again and again44. look over45. take exercise II. 重要句型1. be good for sth. 2. I think 3. I hope4. I love5. I dont like6. Im sure7. forget to do sth. 8. take a message for sb. 9. give sb. the message 10. help yourself to sth. 11. be famous for sth. 12. on ones way to13. make ones way t

4、o14. quarrel with sb. 15. agree with sb. 16. stop sb. from doing sth.III. 交际用语1.Whats the weather like today? 2.Its cold, but quite sunny. 3.How cold it is today! 4.Yes, but itll be warmer later on. 5.Shall we make a snowman? 6.Ok. Come on! 7.Happy New Year! 8.May I speak to Ann, please? 9.Hold on,

5、please. 10.Thanks a lot for inviting me to your party. 11.Ok. But Im afraid I may be a little late. 12.Can I take a message for you? 13.Thats OK. It doesnt matter. 14.Im very sorry, but I cant come. 15.Im sorry to hear that.16.Happy birthday! 17.Would you like .? Would you like to .? 18.Do you think

6、 .? Yes, I think so. / No, I dont think so. 19.Do you agree? Yes, I agree. / No, dont really agree. I really cant agree. 20.There are a few / a lot of . / on it. 21.So do we. 22.Im happy you like it. 23.Which is the way to ., please? 24.Turn right/left at the . crossing. 25.Go on until you reach . 2

7、6.How can I get to .? Go down/up/along this road. 27.Whats the matter?28.Itll take you half an hour to . 29.Wed better catch a bus. 30.It may be in . Ah, so it is. 31.You must be more careful! 32.You mustnt cross the road now. 33.If you want to cross a street, you must wait for the green light.34.Pl

8、ease stand in line. 35.You must wait for your turn. 36.If you dont go soon, youll be late. 37.I dont feel very well. 38.My head hurts. 39.You mustnt eat anything until you see the doctor. 40.Whats the trouble? 41.Whats the matter with? 42.She didnt feel like eating anything. 43.Nothing serious. 44.H

9、ave/get a pain in45.No problem.46.Take this medicine three times a day. IV. 重要语法1. 一般过去时； 2. 反意疑问句的用法； 3. 一般将来时； 4. 感叹句； 5. 简单句的五种基本句型；6. 情态动词can, may和must, have to的用法； 7. 时间状语从句和条件状语从句。【名师讲解】1. above/ over/ on 这三个介词都表示“在之上”，但含义不同。on指在某物的表面上，和某物接触；above指在某物的上方，不和某物接触，但也不一定在某物的正上方；over指在某物的正上方，不和某物接触

10、。试比较：There is a book on the desk.课桌上有一本书。I raise my right hand above my head. 我把右手高举过头。There is a stone bridge over the river. 河面上有座石桥。2. forget to do sth./forget doing sth.forget to do sth.意思是“忘记做某事”，实际上还没做；forget doing sth,意思是“忘记做过某事”，实际上已经做过了。试比较：I forgot to tell him the news.我忘记告诉他这条消息了。I forgot

11、 telling him the news.我已经把这条消息告诉他了，我却忘了。类似的词还有：remember, regret等。3. hope/wishhope和wish 在汉语中都有“希望”的意思，但其含义和用法有所不同。主要区别如下：(1)wish可以用来表示不可实现的愿望；hope只能用来表示可能实现的愿望。例如：I wish I were 20 years younger.我但愿自己能年轻二十岁。 I hope youll be better soon. 我希望你能很快好起来。I wish the weather wasnt so cold. 但愿天气不这麽冷。I hope he w

12、ill come, too. 我希望他也能来。(2)wish可以接sb. to do sth. 的结构，而hope不可以。例如：Do you wish me to come back later? 你是否希望我再来？4. be sure to do sth./ be sure of/about sb. or sth. (1)be sure to do sth.可以用来表示说话人给对方提出要求，意思是“务必”，也可以用来表示说话人做出的推断，意思是“一定”，“肯定”。例如：Be sure to lock the door when you leave.你离开时务必把门锁好。Its a good

13、film. You are sure to enjoy it.这是一部好电影，你肯定会喜欢的。(2)be sure of/about sb.or sth. 可用来表示“某人对某事有把握”。例如：Im sure of his success.我相信他会成功。I think it was three years ago, but Im not sure about it.我想那是三年前的事情，但我没有把握。5. hear from/hear of hear意思是“听到”，从哪里听到要用from来表示。例如：Ive heard from Xiao Wu that well start out mil

14、itary training tomorrow.我听小吴说，我们明天开始军训。Listen to the tape and write out what you hear from Han Mei.听录音，并写出你从韩梅那里听到的内容。hear from还有一个意思是“收到某人的来信”（=receive a letter from sb.）。例如：I heard from my pen friend in the U.S.A. last month. 上个月我受到了美国笔友的来信。I heard from her last week. 我上周接到了她的来信。hear of和和hear from

15、含义不同。hear of 意思是“听说”，“得知”（某事或某人的存在），常用在疑问句和否定句里。例如：Who is he? Ive never heard of him.他是谁？我从来没有听说过他。I never heard of such a thing! 这样的事我从来没有听说过。6. Its a pleasure./With pleasure.Its a pleasure这句话常用作别人向你表示致谢时的答语，意思是“那是我乐意做的”。例如：-Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你地帮助。-Its a pleasure. 那是我乐意做的。-Thanks a lot. B

16、ye.非常感谢。 再见。-Its a pleasure. 那是我乐意做的。再见。类似的话还有 “Not at all.” “You are welcome.” “Thats all right.”With pleasure也用作客气的答语，主要用在别人要你做某事，而你又非常愿意去做的场合。例如：-Will you please pass me the newspaper, please?请你把报纸递给我好吗？-With pleasure.当然可以。7. seem/look(1)二者都可以作“看起来”讲，但seem暗示凭借一些迹象作出的有根据的判断，这种判断往往接近事实；look着重强调由视觉得

17、出的印象。两者都可跟(to be)+形容词和as if从句。如：He seems / looks (to be) very happy today. 他今天看起来很高兴。It looks (seems) as if it it is going to rain. 好像要下雨了。(2)但下列情况中只用seem不用look：1)后跟不定式to do时。如：He seems to know the answer. 他似乎知道答案。2)在It seems that .结构中。如：It seems that he is happier now than yesterday.他像比昨天高兴些了。8. be

18、 ready to do/be ready for/ get ready to do/get ready for(1)be ready to do和be ready for表示“已作好的准备”，强调状态(2)get ready to do和get ready for表示“为做准备”，强调行为。如：Im ready to do anything you want me to do. 我愿意/随时准备做一切做你要我做的事。Im ready for any questions you may ask.我愿意/随时准备回答你可能问的问题。Hes getting ready to leave for T

19、okyo.他正准备动身去东京。Lets get ready for the hard moment.我们为这一艰难时刻作好准备吧。(3)be ready to do 通常可理解“乐于做某事”，即思想上总是有做某事的准备。be not ready to do表示“不轻易做某事”。如：Hes usually not ready to listen to others.他通常不轻易听从别人。9. at table/at the tableat table在吃饭，at the table在桌子旁边。例如：The Greens are at table. 格林一家人在吃饭。Mr. Black is si

20、tting at the table and reading a book.布莱克先生坐在桌旁读书。10. reach, arrive/get to三者都有到达之意。reach是及物动词，后直接加名词，get和arrive是不及物动词，不能直接加名词，须借助于介词。get to后加名词地点，若跟副词地点时，to去掉；arrive at +小地方，arrive in+大地方。如：Lucy got to the zoo before 8 oclock. 露西8点前到了动物园。When did your parents arrive in Shanghai? 你父母何时到上海的？It was lat

21、e when I got home. 我到家时天色已晚。11. sick/ill二者都是形容词。当“生病的，患病“之意时，ill只作表语，不作定语；而sick既可作表语也可作定语。sick有呕吐，恶心的意思，只能作表语，而ill无此意。如：Li Lei was ill last week. (只作表语)李磊上周生病了。Hes a sick man. （作定语）他是病人。不能说成：Hes an ill man.My grandfather was sick for a month last year. （作表语）我祖父去年病了一个月。12. in time/on timein time是及时的意

22、思，on time是准时，按时。如：I didnt get to the bus stop in time. 我没有及时赶上汽车。Well finish our job on time. 我们要按时完成任务。13. may be/maybeIt may be in your inside pocket. = Maybe it is in your inside pocket. 也许在你里边的口袋里。第一句中may be是情态动词+be 动词构成的谓语部分，意思是也许是，可能是；第二句中的maybe是副词，意思是可能，常位于句首，不能位于句中，相当于另一副词 perhaps。再如：Maybe y

23、ou put it in that bag.也许你放在了那只包里。（不能说You maybe put itin that bag.）It may be a hat.那可能是顶帽子。（不能说It maybe a hat. 或It maybe is a hat.）14. noise/ voice/ soundnoise 指嘈杂声，噪音大的吵杂声。voice是指说话的声音，嗓音，嗓子。sound是指耳朵能够听到的声音、闹声等。它是表示声音之意的最普通的字。有时还用作科学上的声音。例如：Dont make so much noise! 别那么大声喧哗！I didnt recognize Johns v

24、oice on the telephone. 在电话里我听不出约翰的声音。He spoke in a low voice. 他低声说话。We heard a strange sound. 我们听到了一种奇怪的声音。Sound travels fast, but light travels faster. 声音传得快，但是光传得更快。【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元主要集中在：1. 一般过去时； 2. 反意疑问句的用法； 3. 一般将来时； 4. 感叹句； 5. 简单句的五种基本句型； 6.情态动词can, may和must, have to的用法； 7. 时间状语从句和条件状语从句；【中考范例】1

25、. -Do you know if we will go to the cinema tomorrow?-I think well go if we _ too much homework. A. will have B. had C. wont have D. dont have【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是条件状语从句的时态。在条件和时间状语从句里通常用一般现在是表示将来的动作。2. You have been to Tibet, _? I was told that the snow-covered mountains were very beautiful.A. have you B.

26、 havent you C. dont you【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是反意疑问句的构成。反意疑问句的前一部分是肯定句，后一部分就应该是否定的疑问部分，而且要和前一部分保持时态上的一致。3. (2004年扬州市中考试题) -Jacky, look at that Japanese sumoist(相扑手).-Wow, _! A. How a fat man B. What a fat man C. How fat man D. What fat man【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是感叹句的构成。这个感叹句省略了主谓部分，只保留了感叹部分。如果以What开头，就应该是What a fat man! 如果是How开头，就应该是How fat!4. (2004年福建省泉州市中考试题) -Thanks for your help. -_ A. It doesnt matter B. Dont thank me C. Youre welcome D. Thats right【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是日常交际用语。回答别人的道谢通常用“Thats all right.”或”Youre welcome.”