2022年一般现在时与一般过去时的讲解与练习.docx

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1、名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精品资料 欢迎下载一般现在时的讲解及练习 一般现在时是英语中应用最广泛的时态之一,是中学英语语 法重点；一般现在时表示：1常常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态；e.g. I go to school on foot. He is very busy now. 2表示主语的特点、性格、才能、爱好等；e.g. He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV. 3表示客观真理；e.g. There are seven days in a week. The moon moves

2、 round the earth. 其结构按正常语序, 即“ 主语 +谓语+其它” ,有时为了起强调作 用,时间状语也可提前 . 其句式变化可分为两种情形：1表示动作,一般人称作主语的,变否定句须在动词前加助动词 don t；变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词 do；E.g. They have lunch at 12:00. They don t have lunch at 12:00. Do they have lunch at 12:00. doesn t；变一 2单三人称做主语的,变否定句须在动词前加助动词 般疑问句须在句首加助动词 does；E.g. Jenny speaks Englis

3、h very well. Jenny doesn t speak English very well. 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页,共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精品资料 欢迎下载Does Jenny speak English very well. 含有 be动词的要在 be 上做变化：E.g. Danny is a good student. Danny isn t a good student. Is Danny

4、 a good student. 其时间状语为 often、 usually、 always、 sometimes等频率副词,on Saturdays、 in the morningafternoon evening 、every day 等；常见错误如下：一、be 动词与行为动词同时显现在句子中 例：We are plant plant the trees in spring. 答案： plant 解析：同学往往会用汉语的思维方式去翻译,就成了“ 我们是在春天植树” ；这是学习英语最忌讳的,要看语法是不是正确,在英语 中,be 是表状态, do 是表动作,两种动词不能同时显现在句子中,可记住

5、如下口诀：“ 英汉语言有差异, be 、do 不能放一起,认真琢 磨细分析,语法千万要牢记； ”自我检测：一、 单项 1 Jenny _ in an office. Her parents _in a hospital. B works; work A work; works C work; are working D is working; work 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页,共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精品资料

6、 欢迎下载2 One of the boys_ a black hat. A have B there is C there are D has 3 We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow. A dont rain B didnt rain C doesnt rain D isnt rain 4 He said the sun _in the east and _in the west. A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets 5 Wang Mei _ music and often _ to mu

7、sic. A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen 6 Jenny_ English every evening. A has study B studies C study D studied 答案： 1 B 2D 3C 4B 5B 6B 二、填空 1 I can take Li Ming there when he _ come to visit. 2 _your sister_knowEnglish. 3Her home_ _ _远离 her school. 4The pot_not l

8、ook like yours very much. 5 Where _you_havelunch every day. 6 Who_想要to go swimming. 7 _she_do the housework every day. 8 Jenny and Danny usually_play games in the afternoon . 答案： 1 comes 2 Does know 3 is away from 4 doesnt look 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 15 页 - - - - - - - -

9、 - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精品资料 欢迎下载二、单三人称形式易出错例：1 He plaies play football very well. 2 Danny gos go to school at 7:10. 答案： 1 plays 2 goes 解析：1 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词变单三人称形式才能把 y 换 成 i 再加 es；2 与名词变复数不同,变单三人称形式以 o 结尾的词要 加 es. 三、在句式变换时易出错例：1 Does Jenny has has a good friend. 2 Brian doesn t

10、 lives not live in China. 答案： 1 Does have 2 doesnt live 解析：单三人称做主语的一般现在时做句式变化时,可记住如下口诀：“ 见助动,用原形” ；此口诀也可推广用于一般过去时态中；e.g. He didnt go home yesterday. 四、对 do 的懂得易出错 例：We dont not do our homework in the afternoon. 答案： don t do 解析： do 是一个比较难懂得的词,它有三个含义 : a是全部行为动词的总称；b是助动词,无实义；c是一个详细的行为动词“ 做,干”；此句中给出的do

11、指“ 做,干” ,not 指把此句变为否定句,故须在do 前加助动词 dont；细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页,共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精品资料 欢迎下载五、对主语的数判定有误例： Li Ming with me are be in Beijing. 答案: is 解析:表面一看是“ 我和李明两个人在北京”状语,不能做主语,故用 is. ,但 with 在此做相伴另外,宾语从句中,从句部分如是表示客观真理,不管主句是

12、何 时态,从句都要用一般现在时；在时间和条件状语从句中,主句表将 来,从句要用一般现在时；细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 页,共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精品资料 欢迎下载一般过去式的讲解与练习一般过去式 表示过去的动作和状态 ；如：I met him yesterday. 昨天我碰见了他；一般过去式 构成 ： 表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示,而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的；动词的过去式可分为 规

13、章动词和不规章动词 ；规章动词的过去式变化如下：一般情形下,动词词尾加-ed ,如：worked played wanted acted 以不发音的-e 结尾动词,动词词尾加-d,如：lived moved decided hoped judged raised 以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词,把 -y 变为 -i 再加-ed,如：Studied tried copied cried carried 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加-ed,如： stopped begged dragged dropped planned dripped 注：不规章动词的过去式变化规律

14、性不强,须多加记忆；go - went make - made get - got buy - bought come - came fly-flew 一般过去式的 用法：1 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情形,通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词,词组或从句 ,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清晰时可以不带时间细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 页,共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料

15、 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精品资料 欢迎下载状语；I worked in that factory last year. 去年我在那一家工厂工作；I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday. 昨天我们去了天龙山；一般过去时表示 1过去某个特定时间发生,并且一下子就完成了的 动作（即：非连续性动作） ,2可表示过去习惯性的动作；一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影 响,只说明过去；I had a word with Julia this morning.今日早晨,我跟朱丽亚说了几句 话；He smoked many cigar

16、ettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那 阵子,抽烟抽得可凶了；一般过去常常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用,如：yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when 等等；句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时仍是用现在完成时,取决于动作是 否对现在有影响；Have you had your lunch. 你吃过午饭了吗？（意思是说你现在不饿 吗？）Yes, I have. 是的,我已经吃过了； （意思是说已经吃饱了,不想再 吃了；）

17、细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 7 页,共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精品资料 欢迎下载When did you have it. 你是什么时候吃的？（关怀的是吃的动作发 生在何时；）I had it about ten minutes ago. 我是大约非常钟以前吃的；Used to do something 表示过去常做而现在已经停止了的习惯动 作；I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过

18、去常常一天干十四个小时；I eaten it at 6：45；我在六点四十五分吃了；一般过去时的基本用法 1 带有确定的过去时间状语时,要用过去时如：yesterday（昨天）、two days ago（两天前 ）、last year（去年 ）、the other day（前几天）、once up on a time（过去曾经）、just now（刚才）、in the old days（过去的日子里）、before liberation（解 放前 ）、 When I was 8 years old（当我八岁时 ）、at+一个时间点Did you have a party the other d

19、ay？前几天,你们开了晚会了吗？Lei Feng was a good soldier. 雷锋是个好战士；留意 1 在谈到已死去的人的情形时,多用过去时；2 表示过去连续发生的动作时,要用过去时 这种情形下,往往没有表示过去的时间状语, 而通过上下文来表示；The boy opened his eyes for a moment,looked at the captain,and then 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 8 页,共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - -

20、- - - - - - - -精品资料 欢迎下载died. 那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿,看看船长,然后就去世了；3 表示过去一段时间内常常或反复的动作,常与 always,never 等 连用；Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞；（只是说明她过去的动作,不说明她现在是否常带着伞；）比较 Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella. 彼得太太老是带着伞；（说明这是她的习惯,说明她现在仍旧仍习惯总带着一把伞）I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒；（不涉及到现在,不说明现在是否喝酒）4

21、 假如强调已经终止的习惯时要用 used to do He used to drink. 他过去喝酒；（意味着他现在不喝酒了；喝酒这个动作终止了）I used to take a walk in the morning. 我过去是在早晨漫步；（意味着现在不在早晨漫步了）比较：I took a walk in the morning. 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 9 页,共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精品资料 欢迎下载我曾经在早

22、晨散过步；（只是说明过去这一动作）5 有些句子, 虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语,但实际上是指过 去发生的动作或存在的状态的话,也要用过去时,这一点,我们中国 同学往往出错,要特殊留意！I didn t know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎；（由于在说话时,我已经知道你在巴黎了； 这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示； 实际上,这句话暗指：But now I know you are here.）I thought you were ill. 我以为你病了呢；（这句话应是在说话之前, 我以为你病了；但是现在我知道你没病）辨别正误 Li Ming studied

23、 English this morning. （把此句变为一般疑问句）（）1.Did Li Ming studied English this morning ？（动词应当用原形）（） 2. Does Li Ming Study English this morning？（时态应当用原句子的时态）（） 3.Was Li Ming studied English this morning？细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 （应当用一般动词,而不是be动词） 第 10 页,共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习

24、资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精品资料 欢迎下载（） 4.Did Li Ming study English this morning ？句型结构 1.确定句 I watched TV last night. 2. 否定句 I didn t watch TV last night. 3.一般疑问句 Did you watch TV last night. 4.there be 句型 There was an apple on the table last night. There wasn t an apple on the table last night.

25、 Was there an apple on the table last night. 一般过去时口诀 一般过去时并不难,表示过去动作、状态记心间；动词要用过去式,时间状语句末站；否定句很简洁, didnt 站在动词原形前,其它部分不要变；一般疑问句也好变, did 放在句子前,主语、动词原形、其它部分 依次站；特殊疑问句也简洁,疑问词加一般疑问句记心间；最终一条请留意,动词过去式要牢记；一用所给词的适当形式填空；细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 11 页,共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料

26、- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精品资料 欢迎下载1. Tom and Mary _ come to China last month. 2. Mike _not go to bed until 12 oclock last night. So he _ get up late. 3. Mary _ read English yesterday morning. 4. There _ be no one here a moment ago. 5. I _ call Mike this morning. 6. I listened but _ hear nothing.

27、 7. Tom _ begin to learn Chinese last year. 8. Last week we _ pick many apples on the farm. 9. My mother _ not do housework yesterday. 10. She watches TV every evening. But she _ not watch TV last night. 11_ your father _ go to work every day last year. 12-What time _ you _ get to Beijing yesterday.

28、 -We _ get to Beijing at 9:00 in the evening. 13. What _ make him cry 哭 just now. 14. Last year the teacher _ tell us that the earth moves around the sun. 15. There _ a telephone call for you just now. be 16. There _ not enough people to pick apples that day. be 17. There _ be not any hospitals in m

29、y hometown 家乡 in 1940. 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 12 页,共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精品资料欢迎下载t there. 18. There _ enough milk at home last week, wasn19. Eli _ to Japan last week. move 20. When _ you _ come to china. Last year. 21. Did she _ ha

30、ve supper at home. 22. Jack _ not clean the room just now. 23. _ be it cold in your city yesterday. 24. How many people _ be there in your class last term. 25. It _ be hot yesterday and most children _ be outside. 26. There _ be a football match on TV yesterday evening, but I _ have no time to watch

31、 it. 二 请用正确动词形式填空；1. I _ have an exciting party last weekend. 2. _ she _practice her guitar yesterday. No, she _. 3. What _ Tom _ do on Saturday evening. He _watch TV and _read an interesting book. 4. They all _go to the mountains yesterday morning. 5. She _not visit her aunt last weekend. She _ sta

32、y at home and _do some cleaning. 6. When _ you _write this song. I _write it last year. 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 13 页,共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精品资料 欢迎下载7. My friend, Carol, _study for the math test and _practice English last night. 8. _

33、 Mr. Li _do the project on Monday morning. Yes, he _. 9. How _be Jims weekend. It _be not bad. 10. _ be your mother a sales assistant last year. No. she _. 三.句型转换 Last week I read an English book. 否定句： _ 一般疑问句： _ 确定/否定回答： _ 对划线部分提问： _ 正确答案 一.1.came2.didnt go, got3.read4.was5.called6.heard7.began8.pi

34、cked 9.didnt do10.didnt watch11.did, go12.did, get, got13.maked 14.told15.was16.was17.were not18.was19.moved20.did, come 21.have22.didnt clean23.was24.were25.was, were26.were, had 二.1.had2.did, practice, didnt3.did, do, watched, read4.went5.didnt visit, stayed, did6.did, write, wrote7.studied, pract

35、iced8.did, do, did9.was, wasnt10.was, wasnt 三.否定句： Last week I didnt read an English book. 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 14 页,共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精品资料 欢迎下载一般疑问句： Did you read an English book last week. 确定/否定回答： Yes, I did./ No, I didnt. What did you read last week. 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 15 页,共 15 页 - - - - - - - - -