2022年中考英语名词讲解与练习.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名 词 表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词；学问梳理：提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点！一、名词的分类名普类别意义例词专出名词表示详细的人名、 事物、国家、Jim , China, Qingdao, the 地名、机构、团体等的专出名UK, the Great Wall 称可个体表示单个人的人或事物girl, student, factory, 数名词desk, cat , country 词名集合表示一群人或一些事物的总people, police, team, 词名词称clothes, group, crew 通不物质water, ic

2、e, pork, cheese, 表示无法分为个体的物质名可名词cotton, broccoli 词数 名 词抽象 名词表示抽象概念的词fun, healthy, happiness, courage, love, care 注： 1.专出名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称；第一个字母必需大写；专出名词前一般不加冠 词；（2、有一般名词构成的专出名词前要用定冠词“the ”,但它不大写；）eg. beer3、有些不行数名词有时表示为详细的东西时,就变为可数名词,而且以四上也有了变化；） -a beer （）,work （）- a work （）glass（）-a glass （）,roo

3、m（） -a room （二、 名词的数：表示可以运算数目的人或物称为可数名词；1、可数名词有单、 复数两种形式： 可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加“ a或 an”；复数形式是在名词后加“-s或-es”；名词复数形式有规章变化和不规章变化两种,规章变化及其读音可依照下表：当名词为：词尾变化读音例词一般情形加 s 在清辅音后chip s, jeeps, pats , clock s读/s/ 在浊辅音或boys, sharpeners, sofas, 以 s,x,ch,sh 结加 es 元音后读 /z/ drawerswatches, box es, classes, /iz/ 尾的单词brushe

4、s以字母o 结尾加 s 或 es /z/ zoos, photos, bamboos, 的单词tomatoes, potatoes, heroes, 以辅音字母+y去 y 变 i/z/ dictionar ies, strawberries, 结尾的单词加 es 以 f 或 fe 结尾去 f 或 fe /vz/ leaves, wiv es, halves变 v 加的单词es 以 th 结尾的词加 s /ez/; / z/mouths, paths; months, deaths2. 可数名词复数的不规章变化 转变单数名词中的元音字母 eg. man-men, woman women, too

5、thteeth, foot feet, goosegeese, mouse-mice 单复数同形 eg. Chinese-Chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep, 由 man 和 woman 构成的合成词 , 每个名词都要变复数 eg. a man doctor men doctors, a woman teacher-women teachers 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 留意 : 有些名词表示一种物体具有不行分割的相同的两部分 eg. trousers, cl

6、othes, glasses, shorts,scissors, etc; ,在使用时只有复数形式有些名词从形式上看是复数, 实际上是单数 其后的谓语动词要用单数. eg. maths, phyiscs, politics, news 3. 不行数名词：表示不能运算数目的人或物,称为不行数名词；他们前面不能用:a/an,没有复数形式；物质名词和抽象名词都属于不行数名词；不行数名词一般只有单数形式, 但有其特别用法1 同一个词 ,变成复数形式 , 意义不同； eg. food 食物 - foods （）,time 时间- times （）,green 绿色 -greens 青菜2 有些不行数名词

7、用复数代指详细的事物eg. hope -hopes 期望 hardship - hardships 艰苦3 物质名词在表示数量时 ,常用某个 量词 +of 来表示eg. a cup of tea, seven pieces of bread, several bags of rice, 三、名词的全部格名词的全部格是表示名词之间的全部关系,有两种表示形式, 一种是在名词后+s；另一种是用of, 表示“ 的”；1. 1 一般词的全部格, 直接在词尾+s； eg. Mr. Motts robot, childrens clothess；eg. 2 以 s 结尾的名词全部格只在词尾+eg. teac

8、hers books3 两人共有的物体, 就在其次个名词后+s; 假如分别是两人全部, 就在每个名词后面+Lucy and Lilys room. Mrs Green s and Mrs Browns son. 4 表示某详细场所时, 全部格后面的名词可省略eg. the doctors office Mr. Whites2.1 没有生命的事物一般用of 短语来表示所属关系；eg. the wall of the classroom ,a picture of the bedroom ,2 名词的的定语较长时,有生命的事物也可用of 短语表示；eg. a long story of a 50-

9、year-old man 4 双重全部格eg. the big nose of Toms_他的一个伴侣 _ 5 有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词,也可以加s来构成全部格；eg. ten minutes walk, todays newspaper例题解析：举一反三,学的更轻松！1. They got much _ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories 2. I have two _ and three bottles of _ here. A. orange, orange B. oranges

10、, oranges C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges 3. Every evening M r. King takes a _ to his home . A. 25 minutes walk B. 25 minutes walkC. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk 4. An old _ wants to see you. A. people B. person C. the people D. the person 5. Help yourself to _. A. chickens and apples B.

11、chickens and apple C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples 6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _. A. room s number B. rooms number C. room numbers D. rooms numbers7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _. 名师归纳总结 A. family B. house C. home D. room 第 2 页,共 6 页8. _ mothers

12、 couldn to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai . - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. Mary and Peters B. Mary and PetersC. Mary s and Peter D. Mary s and Peter9. Li Lei has been to _ many times this month. A. her uncle B. her uncles C. her uncles D. aunts 10. He is a success as a lea

13、der but he hasnt _ in teaching.A. many experiences B. much experience C. an experience D. a lot experience 11. A classmate of _ was here ten minutes ago. A. you B. your C. your sister D. your sisters12. A group of _ are talking with two _. A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Germans ,Frenchmans C. Frenchmans ,

14、 Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen 13.The team _ having a meeting . A. is B. are C. am D. be 14. “Would you like _.“” _, please.”A. drink, Three coffees B. a cup of drink, Coffees C. a drink, A coffee D. a drink, Three cups of coffees 15. The Great Wall was made not only by _, but also the flesh and bloo

15、d of _ men. A.earth and stone, millions of C. the earth and stone, million of B. earths and stones, millions D. the earths and stones, millions 练习与巩固：熟能生巧,取得好成果！挑选正确答案：1 Last night, there was a food accident. The _ were ill, but no _ were lost. A. child, lives B. children, life C. children, lives D.

16、 child, life 2. -This is a photo of _ when they were young. -OK, how happy they both looked. A. my father and mother B. my mother and fathers C. my mothers and fathers D.my fathers and my mother 3. The new student is in _ , Grade Two. A. Class Third 4. Today is September 10A. Teachers B. Third Class

17、 C. Class Three D. Three class th. Its _ Day. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers. B. Teachers C. the Teachers D. Teachers 5. The market isnt far from here. Its only _ bicycle ride. A.half an hours B. half an hours C. half an hour D. an hour and a half 6. - What would you like to drink, gi

18、rls. - _, please. A.Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffe C. Two cups of coffee D. Two cups of coffees 7. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _. A. fun B. wishes C. interest D. thanks 8. Some _ are flying kites near the river. A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs 9. Afte

19、r the exam, well have_ holiday. A. two weeks B. two-weeks C. two weeks D. two weeks 10. They are those _ bags.Please put them on the bus. A. visitor B. visitors C. visitors D. visitors 11.- How many workers are there in your factory. - There are two _. 名师归纳总结 A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D.

20、hundreds of 第 3 页,共 6 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 12. -What do you think of the _ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven. - It sounds really wonderful. A. subject B. music C. book D. animal 13. There is not enough _ in the corner for the fridge. A. place B. room C. field D. ground 14. _ comes

21、from sheep and some people like eating it A. Wool B. Pork C. Mutton D. Milk 15. If you dont take more _, youll get fat. A. medicine B. lessons C. photos D. exercise 16. My school is about twenty _ walk from here. A. minute B. minutes C. minutess D. minutes 17. Mum, I have _ to tell you. A. a good ne

22、ws B. some good news C. some good newes D. much good news 18. Which is the _ to the post office. A. street B. way C. road D. address 19. I stayed at _ last Sunday. A. my uncles B. my uncles C. my uncles D. my uncles family 20. Maths _ not easy to learn. A. are B. is C. am D. were the 冠词冠词分为不定冠词 a, a

23、n 和定冠词学问梳理：提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点！一、 不定冠词的用法1用与可数名词的单数形式前 ,指人或事物的某一种类：例如：She is a girl. Pass me an apple , please. 2、指某人或某物 ,但不详细说明何人或何物；例如：A boy is waiting for you We work six days a week. 3. 表示 “ 一”这个数量 ,但数的概念没有 one 剧烈 .例如 : We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow. I have a mouth , a nose, two eyes

24、and two ears. 4. 用于某些固定的词组中 .例如 : a few, a little, a lot of 注: 用 a 仍是 an, 要看后面的词读音以辅音开头仍是以元音开头 . 二、定冠词的用法1 特指某 些人或某 些物.例如 : the photo of the boy 2 指双方都知道的人或物 .例如 : -Where are the new books, Jim. - They are on the small table. 3 指上文提过的人或物.例如 : Today he is making a machine. He wants to ride the machin

25、e like a bike and fly it like a plane. 4. 用在世界上独一无二的事物前 .例如 : The sun is bigger than the moon. 名师归纳总结 5. 用在序数词或形容词最高级前.例如 : 第 4 页,共 6 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - The first truck is carrying a few baskets. The third one is carrying the fewest of all. 6. 用在由一般名词构成的专出名词前 .例如 : the Great Wall

26、 the North Street Hospital 7. 用在一些习惯用语中 .例如 : in the morning afternoon, evening, on the leftright at the end of 三、不用冠词的情形 1）在专出名词前和不行数名词前；例如：China, Grade Two, Bill Smith, milk 2）名词前已有作定语用的 this, that, my, your, some, any 等代词；例如：The letter is in her pocket. I think the shop is closed at this time of

27、day. 3）复数名词表示一类人或事物时；例如：My father and mother are teachers. I like cakes. 4）在星期、月份、季节、节日前；例如：It is Sunday Monday, Tuesday, etc. Today is Mid-Autumn Day. It is cold in winter. 5）在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前；例如：Uncle Wang likes making things. What colour are Mrs Greens shoes.6）在三餐饭和球类运动的名称前；例如：He went to school after

28、 breakfast. Can you play basketball. 注： 在某些固定词组中,如：at home, by bus, go to school 等的名词前不用冠词；冠词用法口诀 一、定冠词的用法；特指双熟识,上文已提及；世上独无二,序数最高级；某些专出名,习语及乐器；以上口诀归纳了用定冠词的一般情形,即：特指某些人或物谈话双方都熟识的人或事上文已经提到的人或事世界上独一无二的事物前序数词回形容词最高级前某些专出名词前一些习惯短语（如：in the day 等）中和乐器前（如：play the violin / piano ）；二、不用冠词的集中情形；以下情形应免冠,代词限定名

29、词前；专出名词不行数,学科球类三餐饭；复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前；颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔；以上口诀主要概括了一般应“ 免冠” 的几种情形,即：this 、that 、some、any、my等限定词；专出名词和不行数名词前；表示学科的 名词前已有作定语用的（如： maths、Chinese 、physics ）名词前；球类活动的名词前及三餐总称前；复数名词表示泛指（一类人名师归纳总结 或事）时；节日、季节、星期、月份前；表示颜色（如：Its red / yellow.）、语种（如：speak English/Japanese）和国家的非全称名词（如：We live in China.

30、 They come from America.）；在称呼或表示头衔的名词前；某些习惯短语中（如：in bed 、go to school等）；第 5 页,共 6 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 例题解析：举一反三,学的更轻松！1. _ milk is food. _ milk in this cup has gone bad. 2. -Do you like playing _ football. -Yes. But I have only _ basketball. 3. Do you know _girl on _another side o

31、f _ lake. 4. Theres _ “u” and _ “s” in _work “use ” .5. She says _animals canthout _air, either. 6. His father, who is _honest man, is teaching in _ university. 7. Which is heavier, _elephant or _ horse. 8. _ cold wind was blowing from the north. 9. He is always ready to help _ old and _ young. 10.

32、_ Greens are traveling in _ South China. 11. Although _ most of us like to drink beer, those who drink _most are _ least healthy. 12.Xiaomei saw _ interesting film last night. _ film was about _ kind doctor. 13. You can have _ second try if you fail _ first time. 14. Tom went to _ school as usual, but he didn meeting. 15. _ knowledge begins with _ practice. know his father went to _school for a parent 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 6 页