2022年小学英语语法讲解及练习-.docx

《2022年小学英语语法讲解及练习-.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年小学英语语法讲解及练习-.docx（49页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载Contents 目录第一章 名词1. 名词的数2. 名词的格其次章 代词1. 人称代词2. 物主代词第三章 冠词 与 数词1. 冠词2. 数词第四章 一般现在时态第五章 现在进行时态第六章 句型1陈述句2疑问句3祈使句4There be 句型与 have has 第七章 总结考试第一章 名词 （Noun）名词的概念在生活中,我们会接触到各种各样的人和事物,用来表示这些人或事物名称的词就是名词；一、名词的数名词的数指名词的单数和复数形式；可数名词表示“ 一个” 时用单数,“ 两个以上” 时用复数；不行数名词表示量时,通常用“

2、数词 +单位 +of+ 物质名词”的形式,如 a piece of bread 一片面包 , 变为复数时,只须将单位名词变为复数,如： two pieces of bread两片面包 ；*名词复数的构成法就词尾读音1. 一般情形下在词尾加 s. shop - shops 商店 bag - bags 书包 window - windows 窗户 2. 以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾的单词在词尾加class - classes 班级 box - boxes 盒子 在清辅音后读 s 在浊辅音后读 z 在元音后读 z es；词尾读音 iz match - matches 竞赛 brush - br

3、ushes 刷子 3. 以“ 辅音字母+y”结尾的词,变 y 为 i 加 es. “ es”story - stories 故事 词尾读音 iz 4. 以“ 元音字母+y”结尾的词,在词尾直接加s key - keys 词尾读音 z monkey - monkeys 5.以 “ o”结尾的名词,复数一般在词尾加“s” , 但个别加tomato - tomatoes 西红柿 词尾读音 z potato - potatoes 土豆 zoo - zoos 动物园 photo - photos 照片 名师归纳总结 * （以 “ o” 结尾,复数加“ es” ）口诀 ：第 1 页,共 25 页- - -

4、 - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载potato ,黑人 Negro英雄 hero,左手拿着西红柿tomato,右手拿着破土豆头顶一个大芒果（mango）；6. 以 f 或 fe 结尾的词,多数变f 或 fe 为 v 再加 es. leaf - leaves 树叶 词尾读音 vz shelf）golf ；knife - knives 小刀 * （以 f 或 fe 结尾的单词,需把f 或 fe 变 ves的单词）口诀：妻子（ wife ）持刀（ knife ）去宰狼（ wolf ）,小偷（ thief）吓得发了慌,躲在架下（保己命,半 half 片树

5、叶（ leaf）遮目光；* （以 f 或 fe 结尾的单词,直接加“ s” 的单词）口诀 ：长颈鹿 giraffe 站在屋檐 roof 下,左手拿着手绢 handkerchief ,右手拿着高尔夫球例：roof - roofs 屋顶 7. 不规章名词复数的变化man - men 男人 tooth -teeth 牙齿 child - children 儿童 mouse - mice 老鼠 foot - feet 脚 woman - women 女人 8. 名词单复数形式一样sheep - sheep 绵羊 English - English （英国人）*（不规章名词变复数）口诀：男人,女人 a

6、变 e；鹅,足,牙齿 oo 变 ee；其实老鼠也好记 ous 变 ic；孩子加上 ren,鱼鹿绵羊不用记；二、名词全部格的构成法deer - deer （鹿）Chinese - Chinese （中国人）1. 主要是在词尾加 s 构成；如 : This is Tom s desk . 这是汤姆的书桌；That is Mike s book. 那是迈克的书；2. 假如原名词已经有复数词尾 s ,就仅加一个 . 如: the teachers reading room 老师阅览室the pupils pencil-boxes 同学们的文具盒3. 假如原词是复数形式,但不是以 s 结尾,变为全部格形

7、式需在后面加上 s ；如：the children s palace 少年宫mens room 男厕所*名词全部格口诀：名词全部格, s 前面加一撇 ,复数 s 放在尾,后加一撇就完结,两人共有算一个,后面只加一个撇；名词练习题一、写出以下名词的复数形式（30 分）puter _ 2.apple _ 3.city _ 4.house _ 5.sheep _ 6.watch _ 7.tomato _8.child _ 9.tooth _ 10.foot _ 13.play _ 11.wife _12.potato _ 14.day _ 15.glass _ 名师归纳总结 16.radio _ 1

8、7.zoo _ 18. life _ 第 2 页,共 25 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载19. story _ 20.leaf _ 21. baby _ 22.dress _ 23.butterfly _24. deer _ 25.class _ 26.brush _ 27.key _ 28. English _29.mouse _30. man _ 二、汉译英（30 分）1Tom 的足球 _ 2. 老师们的自行车 _ 3同学们的课桌 _ 4.哥哥的文具盒 _ 5姑姑的卡片 _ 6.猴子们的香蕉 _ 7蚂蚁们的早餐 _ 9姐姐

9、的连衣裙 _ 三、把以下句子翻译成英文（20 分）8.妈妈的包 _ 10 女孩们的苹果 _ 1这些是 Peter 的篮球吗？_ 2这个是老师的钢笔吗？_ 3有一些书在 Sam 的课桌上； _ 4有一些孩子们在教室里；_ 四、改错（圈出错处,在横线上改正过来）（ 6 分）1.There are some butterflys on the table. _ 2.This is Alice dress. _ 3.I like tomato very much. _ 五、将以下句子变成复数形式；（15 分）1This dog is brown. _ 2. There is a book and a

10、pen on the table. _ 3.That woman is a teacher. _ 才能测试卷（名词）名师归纳总结 一、将以下名词变成复数形式；（36 分）lesson 第 3 页,共 25 页1.plane tree month apple shirt 2. box bus brush watch class fox 3.knife life leaf Wife thief monkey 4.day boy baby country story 5.photo radio piano tomato hero - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - -

11、 - 6. child tooth 学习必备欢迎下载man Sheep English Chinese 二、判定正误,并改正错句,正确的打“ ”（ 24 分）1The house is my brother. _ 2. He has visited many country. _ 3. They are Englishs. _ 4. This is Tom red bike. _ 三、挑选填空（18 分）1There are two _ in the room. A. Chinese B. Englishman 2.The old man will have _ out. A. two too

12、ths B. two teeth 3. _ are sold in this bookstore. A. Childrens books B. Children books4. Some friends of _ will come here. A. Johns B. John 5. Can you give me _. A. some papers B. a piece of paper 6.There are _ on the floor. A. some box B. some boxes 四、将以下句子变成复数形式；（22 分）1This sheep is white. _ 2. Th

13、ere is a desk and a chair in the room. _ 3.That man is a doctor. _ 其次章 代词一、人称代词1人称代词即表示“ 你、我、他、你们、我们、他们” 等的词,它的人称、数和格的变化 见下表：数人称主格宾格单数第一人称I me 复数其次人称you you 第三人称he him she her 第一人称it it We us 其次人称you you 第三人称they them 主格与宾格：人称代词有主格和宾格两种形式；主格主要用来做句子的主语；宾格主要用作宾语；人称代词主格用在句首作主语；She is sitting in/on a bu

14、s. 她正坐在公共汽车上；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 25 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载人称代词宾格在动词或介词后作宾语；Tell him to sit down. 告知他坐下； This pen is bad. I can write with it. 这支钢笔不好,我没法用它写字；2.人称代词的排列次序人称代词并列使用时,通常以以下次序显现,请熟识并记忆；1） 单数代词： you and I; you and he ; he and I ; you ,he and I 2） 复数代词： we and they ; we

15、and you ; you and they; we, you and they 3） 第三人称单数代词：he and she *人称代词排序口诀：人称代词并列观,留意次序礼貌见；单数人称二、三、一,复数人称一、二、三；麻烦事情“ 我” 站前,其他人称没看法；两性并用为三单,男先女后是习惯；二、物主代词物主代词是表示全部关系的代词,分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词；人第一人称复数其次人称复数第三人称复数称单数单数单数类别形容词性my our your your his, her, its their 名词性mine ours yours yours his,hers, its theirs

16、 名词性物主代词= 形容词性物主代词+ 名词例, Whose coat is this. 这是谁的上衣 . It s hers. 是她的；hers= her coat *关于物主代词的口诀：物主代词很重要,译成汉语都有“ 的”,后面必需加上物,否就就要犯错误,my your his her its our their 不放过；形容词性是基础,除了我的“mine”外,其他词尾“s” 加形物代才能差,出门常把名词加；名物代才能强,常来独去又独往；三、反身代词反身代词也叫“ 自身代词”,表示“* 自己” ；第三人称 himself, herself themselves 数人称第一人称其次人称单数m

17、yself yourself 复数ourselves yourselves I can do it by myself. 我自己能做这件事；*反身代词的构成规律记忆口诀：反身代词有规律,第三人称宾格加,其余开头用物主,复数-ves 替-f 四、指示代词This 这个 - these 这些 指近处的事物That 那个 - these 那些 例, This is a book. 这是本书；指远处的事物 These are some books. 这些是书；That is a car. 那是辆小汽车；Those are some cars. 那些是小汽车；代词练习题名师归纳总结 一、依据题意,用所给

18、词的适当形式填空；第 5 页,共 25 页1.Mary is a friend of _. I 2.This is _ she ruler. _ I is in the bag. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载她它他们3.Her brother is too young to look after _ he 4.This is _ I book. This book is _ I . 5.These pens are _ we . 二、填写以下表格；人称代词我我们你,你们他主格宾格形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词 三、改写

19、以下句子 Eg, This is my book. - The book is mine. 1. 2.That is her ruler. _ These are their footballs. _ 3. This is my backpack . 4. Those are your boxes. 四、把以下句子改写成复数；_ _ 1. This is a butterfly. _ 2. That is a bus. _ 3. It is a mouse. _ 五、改错；1.This is mine lamp. _ 2.These are ours books._ 3. That are t

20、heir teacher. _ 4.The house is my brother. _ 5. He has visited many country. _ 6. They are Chineses. _ 7. This is Tom red bike. _ 一、帮下面的好伴侣团聚I its her we they their your 二、填空she 才能测试卷（代词）（连线）她 我们 他（她,它）们 我 你的 他（她,它）们 她的 它的1Shes a teacher . This is _ bag. 2. Hes a driver. This is _ taxi. 3. I am a bo

21、y . _ name is Peter. 4. -What s _ name. - My name is Tony. 5. It s my puppy. _ name is Mimi. 三、挑选名师归纳总结 1.Your book is not so old as _. 第 6 页,共 25 页A. him B. he C. his D. she - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载D. Whom her 2. _ book is it . It s _. C. Who hers A. Whose her B. Whose hers 3.

22、 He is a friend of _. A. our B. us C. my D. mine 四、改错1. I, you and he are all teachers. _ 2. This is mine teddy bear. _ 3. These are ours bags. _ 4. These is their teachers. _ 五、用代词填空 : 1._ , _ and _ are all good friends . A. We , you , they B. You , they , we C. We , they , you D. They , you , we 2

23、._ classroom is big , but _ is much bigger than _ . A. We , they , us B. Our , their , our C. Our , theirs , ours D. Our , theirs , we 3.She lost _ pen . Will you lend her _ . A. her , yours B. his , your C. hers , you D. their , yourself 4. “What are you doing .”“I am looking at _ in the mirror . ”

24、A. me B. myself C. itself D. himself 5._ , _ and _ all enjoy music . A. She , you , I B.I , she , you C. You , she , I D.I , you , she 第三章 数词和冠词一、数词表示数目和次序的词叫数词；数词又分基数词和序数词,基数词表示数量,序数词表示顺序；1 最基本的基数词如下表所示：110 1119 20100 1 one 11 eleven 2 two 12 twelve 20 twenty 3 three 13 thirteen 30 thirty 4 four 14

25、 fourteen 40 forty 5 five 15 fifteen 50 fifty 6 six 16 sixteen 60 sixty 7 seven 17 seventeen 70 seventy 8 eight 18 eighteen 80 eighty 9 nine 19 nineteen 90 ninety 10 ten 100 one hundred *基数词的写法：2199 的两位数,十位与个位之间用连字符“-” ；例： 21 twenty - one 32 thirty - two 99 ninety nine 百位数：个位数基数词形式加“hundred” ,表示几百,在

26、几十几与百位间加上 and；例： 101 a hundred and one. 320 three hundred and twenty 648six hundred and forty-eight 2序数词的构成名师归纳总结 1）一般来说,是由相应的基数词加词尾th 构成；例,第 7 页,共 25 页four+ th- fourth six + th - sixth - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - seven + th - seventh 学习必备欢迎下载ten + th - tenth 2）下面这些基数词在变为序数词时,有特别的变化；例,one

27、- first two - second three - third five- fifth eth.例,eight - eighth nine - ninth twelve - twelfth 3）十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词y 变成 i,然后在加twenty - twentieth thirty - thirtieth forty - fortieth ninety - ninetieth 4） 两位或两位以上的基数词变为序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词；例,twenty one - twenty- first thirty-five -thirty-fifth a hundred

28、 and fifty-three - a hundred and fifty- third *基数词变序数词的口诀：基变序,有规律；词尾加上 th（fourth, sixth ）一、二、三,单独记；结尾字母t, d, d；（first ,second,third ）八去 t,九去 e,（eighth,ninth ）；ve 要用 f 替；（fifth ,twelfth ）整十基数变序数,ty 将 y 变成 i ; th 前面有个 e；要是遇到几十几,前用基来后用序；二、冠词冠词分不定冠词和定冠词两种；a 或 an 是不定冠词, the 是定冠词； a 用在辅音音素之前,如 a desk, a t

29、ree ; an 用在元音因素之前,如 an apple, an hour, an English book. 1. 不定冠词（ a,an）指人或事物的某一种类,表示“ 一个”,但不强调数量；She is a teacher. Thats an orange. 2. 定冠词 the,是特指某（些）人、某（些）物,或指说话人与听话人彼此知道的人或物,或者是在上文提到过的人和事；This is a bus. The bus is big. 3. 不用冠词的情形：1） 专出名词,物质名词,抽象名词前一般不用冠词；如,Chinese, English, Jim 等；2） 名词前已经有 this, th

30、at, my, your 等词时,就不再用冠词了；如,that mouse 那只老鼠 3 一些固定词组前不用定冠词；如,at home 在家 go to school 去上学*定冠词 the 的用法记忆口诀：特指、重提和唯独,岛屿、海峡和海湾；海洋、党派、最高级,沙漠、河流与群山；方位、次序和乐器,岁月、团体与机关；船名、建筑和组织,会议、条约与报刊；姓氏复数、国全名,记住定冠 the 加在前；*零冠词用法口诀：月份、星期、节假洲,呼语、头衔职务前；三餐、球类、惯用语,学科、棋类名词前；名师归纳总结 冠词和数词专项练习第 8 页,共 25 页一、在空白处填上适当的冠词,不需要的填“/” ；1

31、at _home 2 go to_ bed 3 go to _school 4 catch _ bad cold 5 have _ good time 6 _red apple 7_ English book 8 _ spoon 9_ orange 10 _melon 11 _ eraser 二、挑选填空- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1.There is _ “m”学习必备“欢迎下载” in the word primaryA.an B.a C.the D./ 2.This is _ orange bike . A.a B.an C.the D/

32、3.It always takes us half _ hour to have _ long walk after supper . A.a,a B,a ,the C.an , a D.an , the 4.English is _ useful language in _ world . A.an , the B.a , the C.the , / D./ , the 5.We are going to _ cinema this evening . A.the B./ C/a D.an 6.He s standing on _ other side of _ river .A.a , a

33、 B.the , the C.the , a D.a , the 7._ potato is a vegetable , not _ fruit . A.The , an B.The , a C.A, the D.An, / 8.He was _ first to come . A.The B.a C.the D./ 9.Do you see _ book on _ table . A.the , a B.a, an C.an , an D.a , the 10.Where s _ desk . Its in _ middle of the room .A./ , / B./ , a C.a

34、, / D.the , the 11.He is _ friend of mine . A.an B./ C.the D.a 12.There is _ university near the farm . A.a B.an C.the D./ 13.He died in _ autumn of 1989 . A./ B.the C.a D.an 14.I have _ book . I t s _ interesting one . I like reading _ books very much .A.a, an ,/ B.a , / , the C.an , an , the D./ ,

35、 an , / 15.Today is _ Childrens Day .A.a B.an C.the D/ 16.This is _ bag . That is _ eraser . A.a, a B.a , an C.an , a D. an , an 才能测试卷（冠词和数词）一、写出相邻的数词1. twenty 2. 10. five 3. twelve 4. fifty-eight 5. ninety 6. seventy 7. thirty-eight 8. one hundred 9. one thousand one 二、挑选正确答案1.There are days in a year. A. three hundreds sixty-five C. three hundred