2022年反身代词用法汇总.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 反身代词构成固定搭配大全反身代词是指 myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves, oneself；通常有 强调性 用法和 非强调性用法；用法：一、反身代词的基本形式反身代词是 oneself 依据所指词的人称、 性别、单复数等的变化可以有 myself, himself, herself, yourself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 等形式 ；二、 oneself 与 hi

2、mself 当 one 指人时,其相应的反身代词通常用oneself, 在美国英语 中也可用himself ：One should not praise oneself himself. 三、反身代词的句法功能：一个人不应当自吹自擂；1. 用作 同位语 加强被修饰词的语气,紧放在被修饰名词后 , 或句末 ：The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重；Mrs.Black herself is a lawyer. 布莱克太太本人就是一名律师；You had better ask the driver himself. 你最好问司机本人；Martin himsel

3、f attended the sick man. 马丁亲自照料病人；Dont trouble to come over yourself. 你不必费神亲自来了；You yourself said so. / You said so yourself. 你自己是这样说的；做；Never leave to others what you ought to do yourself. 不要把自己该做的事留给别人2. 用作 宾语 动词 或介词 的宾语 ：Take good care of yourself. 好好照料你自己；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 -

4、 - - - - - - - - He has a right to decide for himself. 他有权为自己做出打算；He made no complaint for himself. 他没为自己埋怨什么；The child can dress himself. 这孩子能自己穿衣服了；She finally gained control of herself. 最终她掌握住了自己；She could not make herself understood. 她不能使别人听懂她的话；Everybody here has the influenza including myself.

5、 包括我在内全部人都患上流感；The child cried himself to sleep. 孩子哭着哭着睡着了；She convinced herself that it was so. 她说服自己情形是这样的；He had a couple of revolvers with which to defend himself. 他只有一两把手枪用来自卫；3. 用作 表语The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己；Just be yourself. 做你自己就好了；Mary hasnt quite been herself recently. 玛丽近来感到不

6、适；The ones who really want it are ourselves. 真正想要它的是我们自己；【说明】有时用于 be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神处于正常状态：I m not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒适；I ll be myself again in no time. 我过一会儿就会好的；4. 用作 主语 ；在 现代英语 中,反身代词 一般不能独立用作 主语 ,但是它却可以借助 and, or, nor 等连词与其他 名词 一起构成 并列主语 且位于 并列主语 的后部 ,以及用于某些特别结构 如 as

7、.as 等：My brother and myself went there yesterday. 昨天我兄弟和我一起去了那儿；名师归纳总结 Jims sister and himself get up at six every day. 吉姆的妹妹和他每天6 点起床；第 2 页,共 14 页He was as anxious as myself. 他和我一样担忧；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 留意：反身代词不能做 主语 ,但可作 主语 同位语,放在 主语后 或句末 ；如：我自己去了电影院；错： Myself went to the cinema

8、. 对： I went to the cinema myself. 反身代词可以作宾语的同位语You can go and ask John himself.反身代词可以作 介词 的宾语；by oneself 全靠自己；say to oneself 自言自语；翻译：你可以去问约翰本人；She learnt swimming all by herself. 她是自学游泳的；She said to herself,Who am I. 她自言自语的说：“我是谁？ ”反身代词作 动词 的宾语名师归纳总结 enjoy oneself 玩得兴奋；第 3 页,共 14 页help oneself to 任凭

9、用 ；hurt oneself 损害自己；teach oneself 自学；get dressed oneself 自己穿衣seat oneself 就坐- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 一.强调性用法 :1.反身代词用于强调时常常作主语 或宾语 的同位语 ,一般置于所强调的词的后面 ;但假如不影响懂得 ,作同位语的反身代词其位置比较敏捷；2.反身代词用于强调时要重读；例:The manager himself served the customers.The manager served the customers himself.经理亲自为顾客服务

10、；I told them I wanted to see the manager himself.我告知他们我要见经理本人；3.在 but, except, like, as,for 等词之后 ,或作对比时 ,宾格和反身 代词都可以用 ,但后者的语气更强；例:For my wife and me / myself it was a most enjoyable weekend. 对于我妻子和我 本人 来说 ,这是一个特别欢乐的周末；She is about the same age as you / yourself. 她的年龄和你 本人 差不多；4.反身代词作 介词宾语 或动词宾语 时,有时

11、也可起强调作用；例:He has been living by himself since his parents died.名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 他父母死后 ,他就始终一个人生活；by himself = aloneThis matter is between ourselveswithout anyone else knowing She finished the job by herself.她独自完成了这项工作；by herself = without help5.反身代词作 表语 时也可表示特

12、别意义；例:I am not quite myself today.今日我身体不舒适；二.非强调性用法=I am not feeling so well as I usually do）1.反身代词作 动词宾语 经常常是非强调性的；有些 动词与反身代词成为 固定搭配 ,请留意 ,汉译时“ 自己” 多不译出；例:（1）behave oneself 有礼貌 ;法规：He behaves himself well.他为人很好；Behave yourself while I am away.我不在 ,你要法规点；（2）enjoy oneself 过得欢乐：We all enjoyed ourselve

13、s in the party.我们在聚会上都玩得很爽快；（3）express oneself 表达自己的意思Can you express yourself in English. 你能用英语表达思想吗 .He expressed himself satisfied.他表示中意；（4）present oneself 到场； present itself 显现名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - He presented himself for a checkup at the hospital. 他到医院接受体 格检查

14、；When the cave door was unlocked, a sorrowful sight presented itself；山洞门一打开 ,就显现了一幅凄惨的景象；（5）reveal itself 显现Gradually sounds multiplied and life revealed itself. 声音慢慢多起来 , 生活又开头了；（6）collect oneself 清醒过来 ,镇静下来I accepted the offer before I was able to collect myself. 我仍没来得 及考虑一下 ,就接受了帮忙；（7）help onesel

15、f 自用,自取所需Please help yourself to enjoy the food.请任凭吃；2.有时“ 动词 +反身代词 ” 之后 ,仍需要肯定的 +介词 ,构成固定搭 配；例:（8）busy oneself with 忙于He busied himself with numerous tasks around the house. 他忙于 家里的很多事情；（9）avail oneself of 利用We availed ourselves of every chance to speak English.我们利用每 个机会讲英语；（10）address oneself to 用

16、心于 工作名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - They address themselves to the main difficulties. 他们用心致志解 决主要困难；（11）devote oneself to 致力于 ;献身于We are determined to devote ourselves to the cause of education. 我们决心为训练事业献身；3.有些 动词接反身代词 后再接 +that 从句 :（12）assure oneself that. 确信Before going

17、to bed, she assure herself that the door was locked. 她确信门已锁好才去睡觉；（13）flatter oneself that . 自以为He flattered himself that he would win the first prize. 她自以为会 获得第一名；三区分 by onself；of oneself ；for oneself ；to oneself ；1.By oneself单独地,独自地 1 They made the model machines all by themselves.2 You can complet

18、e the task by yourself.名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2.Of oneself 自行地 1 The fire died of itself.2 The baby woke up of himself all of a sudden.3.For oneself亲自,为自己 1 Do you have anying to say for yourself.2 One cannot do such a thing for oneself.4. To oneself含有“暗自（在心中）的意思 ta

19、lk, tell 等连用；,常与动词 think,say, 1 The boy said to himself.I must study hard. 2 This dictionary is used to himself.依据以上例句,我们可以看出：by oneself 主要含义为 独自,自个儿、亲自 相当于 alone;,没有别人帮忙,of oneself 是指不受外界事物干涉而自行完成的动作,常用在不 及物动词之后；for oneself 一般表示 “为自己 ”的意思；to oneself 就强度调 “供某人独自用 ”和“暗自 ”的含义 ；英语中反身代词与不同的介词搭配,可构成意义不同的

20、习惯用语,学习者对如何选用这些习语感到困难；其实,这些习惯用语的意义往往与介词的意义有联系,一旦见多了, 对每个习语所表达的意思和所使用的语境便熟识了,用起来就不会感到困难；现将这类习惯用语分述如下：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1. （all ） by oneself单独地,独自地 “靠自己地 ”（ alone or independently ）；1 They made the model machinesall by themselves.2 You can complete the task by yo

21、urself.3）She did it all by herself.这件事是她独立完成的；4）The little girl wrote the letter all by herself. 那封信是小女孩独自 写成的；5）She likes to take a walk by herself.她喜爱独自漫步；6）The house stands all by itself on the hill.那所房子孤单单地高耸 在山顶上；7）His father lives by himself in the village 他的父亲独自一个人 住在村里；8）All his friends have

22、 deserted him and he is all by himself now他 全部的伴侣都离弃他,现在他孤独一人；（by oneself 主要含义为 独自儿、亲自 ,没有别人帮忙,相当 于 alone;of oneself 是指不受外界事物干涉而自行完成的动作,常用在不及物动词之后）2. of oneself 自行地 自发,自动,自然而然, “自然地 ”、“自发 地”、“自动地 ”（of ones own accord）；1 The fire died of itself.2 The baby woke up of himself all of a sudden.3）You need

23、 not call him;he will wake up of himself, 他不必叫他,名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 他自己会醒的；4）The enemy will not perish of himself. 敌人不会自行毁灭；5）The fire went out of itself. 火是自己熄灭的；6）Every day I awake of myself at half past five每天早上我都是五 点半就自己醒来；7）The door opened of itself 门是自己开的；8

24、）The fire went out of itself 火自己熄灭了；3. for oneself 亲自,为自己,代表自己 ；独自地1 Do you have anying to say for yourself. 2 One cannot do such a thing for oneself.3）He kept the book for himself. 他把这本书留给自己用；4）I have something to say for myself.我有要辩白的话；5）He is old enough to do it for himself. 他年龄够大了,可以独自 做这件事了；6）O

25、ne cant do such a thing for oneself.这样的事情独自一个人是 做不成的；7）One should not live only for oneself 人不应单为自己而活；（for oneself 一般表示 “为自己 ”的意思）,常与动词think,say, 4. to oneself 含有 “暗自（在心中）的意思talk, tell 等连用；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1 The boy said to himself.I must study hard.2 This di

26、ctionary is used to himself.3）He has a room to himself.他独住一间房；4）We had the whole compartment to ourselves. 这个车箱就只有 我们几个人；5）I began to say to myself,What about becoming an actor. 我开 始暗自思考, “去当演员好不好？ ”6）He appeared to be talking to himself.他好像在自言自语；7）When one dines in a restaurant,one likes a table to

27、 oneself人 们在饭店吃饭时,总是喜爱独占一桌；（to oneself 就强度调 “供某人独自用 ”和“暗自 ”的含义）三、其它介词与反身代词1. beside oneself 失常 ”、“发狂 ”；例：He was beside himself with joy他欣喜如狂；2. among themselves ourselves,yourselves 一起 ,共同之间They were arguing among themeselves. 他们在一起争辩3. beside oneself with.得要命 ,失常 ,发狂 .On hearing the good news, he w

28、as beside himself with joy. 一听到 这个好消息 ,他简直欣喜如狂 .4. between ourselves =between you and me;between you,me and 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - the gatepost私下谈 ;不和外人谈 This matter is between ourselves.这件事别对外人讲 .5. in oneself 本质 , 本身 实际上 ,就其本质而言1）The book is really a small librar

29、y in itself.那部书本身是个小图书 馆；2）He told us not to lose faith in ourselves. 他告知我们不要失去自 信心；3）Water is colourless in itself.水本质是无色的 .6. in spite of oneself 情不自禁地 I laugh in spite of myself.我情不自禁的笑起来 .by oneself,for oneself,in oneself,of oneself 这四个词组的意义有所不同；By oneself的 意 思 是 “ 单 独 地 ” 、 “ 靠 自 己 地 ” （alone o

30、r independently ）；例：His father lives by himself in the village他的父亲独自一个人住在 村里；All his friends have deserted him and he is all by himself now. 他所有的伴侣都离弃他,现在他孤独一人；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - For oneself 的意义为 “为自己 ”（for himself or for herself ）；例：One should not live only fo

31、r oneself 人不应单为自己而活；7.In oneself 的意思是 “就其本身或本性而言”；例：This wood is hard in itself这种木头本要就是硬的；Of oneself 的意思是 “自然地 ”、“自发地 ”、“自动地 ”（of ones own accord）；例：Every day I awake of myself at half past five每天早上我都是五点 半就自己醒来；The door opened of itself 门是自己开的；The fire went out of itself 火自己熄灭了；与上列四个短语相类似的仍有两个词组,即be

32、side oneself 和to oneself,前者义： “失常 ”、“发狂 ”；后者是 “独自占有或享用 ”；例：He was beside himself with joy他欣喜如狂；When one dines in a restaurant,one likes a table to oneself人们 在饭店吃饭时,总是喜爱独占一桌；Oneself 和 ones self 的区分也是值得我们留意的；Oneself 是反身强调代词,意指自己；ones self 就是代词加名词,意指个人的本性；例：She made a cup of tea for herself她为自己烧了一杯茶；Sh

33、e looked just like her old self她看上去和从前依旧一模一样；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 请留意, myself 可以在句中表示 所没有的特性；例：me 的涵义,这是其他反身代词They invited my father and myself（=me）to their party 他们邀请 我父亲和我参与他们的聚会；He saw neither myself nor Mary in the street 在公路上他既没有看 见我,也没有观察玛丽；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页,共 14 页