2022年北师大版高考英语语法复习精品：介词介词短语和连词.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 北师大版高考英语语法复习精品：介词、介词短语和连词一、介词和介词短语介词是一种虚词, 不能单独作句子成分,必需与名词或代词 相当于名词的其他词类短语或从句 构成介词短语,才能在句中充当某一个成分；介词短语在句中可充当状语,表 语,定语及补语等成分；How I wish every family had a large house with a beautiful garden. Is this the reason he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work. Wit

2、h a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly elected president is having a hard time. 二、连词 连词是用来连接词、短语、从句或句子的一种虚词不能独立担任句子成分；按词义及其句法作用,连词可分为并列连词和从属连词；常见的并列连词有 and, but, or, not only.but also, yet, either.or. 等；常见的从属连词有 when, because, if, though, as if, now that, until, unless 等；I saw Bob play t

3、he piano at Johns party and on that occasion he was simply brilliant. Not only is the teacher himself interested in football but all his students are beginning to show an interest in it. Please follow your supervisors instructions, or youll offend him. 一、介词和介词短语 在高考试题中对介词的考查主要集中在常见介词搭配中；如：1for 为了；由于

4、 I apologised to the teacher for my being late. For some reason, I refused his invitation. 2without 没有 He came in without his managers permission. I wouldnt have finished the task without your help. 3by 借助于某种手段 The old man earned his living by selling fruits. 4over “ 在正上方 但未接触 ；超过” ,多表示年龄,距离或跨过肯定的高度

5、 You cant wear a blue jacket over that shirt. The plane can fly over the mountain. 5beyond 超越 界限、范畴、限度 ,可指时间或程度 Its quite beyond me why such things have been allowed to happen. 6across 表示从空间表面上横穿；through 表示从人体或物体的内部穿过,也可指抽象意义上的通过；He suddenly saw Mary across the room. He pushed his way through the cr

6、owd of people to get to her. 7besides “ 除 之外” ,其宾语包括在内；except “ 除了” ,其宾语不包括在内；except for 强调整体中的细节,前后事物不属于同类；but 常和 except 互换,强调不在其中；名师归纳总结 but for“ 要不是” ,往往用在虚拟语气的含蓄条件句中；card for her birthday. 第 1 页,共 22 页Besides flowers, the pupils sent their teacher a nice greeting - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - -

7、- - - The article is very good except for some spelling mistakes. 二、连词 对连词的考查,近年高考主要集中在对从属连词和并列连词的考查上；对从属连词的考查主要集中在对其在不同从 句中的不同用法的考查；对并列连词的考查主要集中在对其 连接并列成分的用法以及特点上；1并列连词 1and, or 和 but I must work hard, or Ill fail in the contest. Make up your mind, and youll get the chance. Would you like to come t

8、o dinner tonight. Id like to, but Im too busy. 不但 而且 2not only.but also, as well asShe plays not only the piano, but also the guitar. Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some. 3neither.nor “既 不 也 不 ”；both.and.“两 者 都 ”；either.or.“ 不是 就是 ”Neither you nor he is to blame. E

9、ither you or I am right. 4not.but. 不是 而是 They were not the bones of an animal, but the bones of a human being. 5for 由于 He is absent today, for he is ill. 留意： for 是并列连词,不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首,只能将其放在两个分句 中间；6so, therefore 因此 He hurt his leg, so he couldnt play in the game. 2. 从属连词主要应用在各种状语从句中；高考真题探究（200620

10、22 年）【2022 全国卷 II 14】This shop will be closed for repairs _ further notice. A. with B. until C. for D. at 【答案】 B 【考点】考查介词；【解析】句意：在另行通知前,这家店将停止整顿；until further notice表示“ 在另行通知前” ；【2022 北京卷 35 】With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be take _ color. A. by B. for C. with D. in 【答案】 D 【

11、考点】考察介词的用法；【解析】 In color 表示“ 使用彩色” ；固定搭配；句意：随着科技的进展,水下沟壑的图 片可以做成彩色的；【2022 上海卷 25 】Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you _ 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - the tough years. A. through B. up C. with D. from 【答案】 A 【考点】考察介词的用法；【解析】句意：一年中,毕业的时候是感谢那些曾经帮忙过你的最

12、好时机；【2022 湖北卷 30 】 When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _ younger men. A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor of D. in praise of 【答案】 C 【考点】 考察介词词组的用法；句子意思是, 当在问及对这个学校的校长有什么看法时很多老师宁愿他闪到一边去支持年轻人；in praise of 夸奖, in terms of 就 而言, i

13、n need of 需要；【解析】【2022 山东卷 30 】I m sorry I didn t phone you, but I ve been very busy_ the past couple of weeks. A. beyond B. with C. among D. over 【答案】 D 【考点】固定介词搭配；【解析】通过前半句“I ve been very busy” 现在完成时,可知搭配用的时间状语为“ 在过去的几周里” ,固定搭配用介词“over the past couple of weeks=in the past couple of weeks ” . 句意为：很

14、愧疚没给你打电话,可是这几个星期我始终很忙；【2022 安徽卷 25 】Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek_ food safety problem. A. in B. to C. on D. after 【答案】 B 【考点】考查介词；【解析】 句意为： 有时不简洁找到解决食品安全问题的相宜的方法；此题考查名词后的介词 的固定搭配； 此句中主语为 answers ,意为“ 解决方法” , 作此意时后跟介词 to 或 towards ,应选 B 项；【2022 浙江卷 5 】I always wanted to do the job whi

15、ch Id been trained _.A. on B. for C. by D. of 【答案】 B 【考点】 考查介词； 语义：我常常想做我之前为之受过培训的工作,for表示目的, 意为“ 为了 ” ,符合题意；【解析】【2022 四川卷 8 】Nick, it you start your trip there. s good for you to read some books _China before A. in B. for C. of D. on 【答案】 D 【考点】考查介词；【解析】 on 表示关于, some books on China 意为“ 关于中国的一些书” ；

16、句意为：“ Nick ,你在去中国旅行之前最好读一些关于中国的书；” 应选 D；【2022 天津卷 11 】He was a good student and scored _ average in most subjects. A. below B. of C. on D. above 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 【答案】 D 【考点】考察介词；【解析】句意为：他是一个好同学 , 大多数科目得分高于平均水平；above average 高于平均数； below average 低于平均数； on avera

17、ge 平均起来,一般说来；【2022 天津卷 5 】_ regular exercise is very important, its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime. A.It B. As C.Although D.Unless 【答案】 C 【考点】考查连词；【解析】 although “ 尽管”; As “ 如”; Unless “ 除非” ；句意为：尽管有规律的运动很重要,但是在睡前运动不是一个好想法；【2022 重庆卷 24 】Shirley, a real book lover, often brings hom

18、e many books to read _ the library. A. in B. for C. by D. from 【答案】 D 【考点】考查介词；【解析】句意为“Shirley,一个读书爱好者,常常从图书馆带些书回家去读” ；【2022 江苏卷 32 】Wed bette r discuss everything _before we work out the plan. A. in detail B. in general C. on purpose D. on time 【答案】 A 【考点】考查副词短语辨析；【解析】句意：在我们制定方案之前,我们最好具体地争论每件事；In d

19、etail具体地； in general通常,大体上；on purpose有意地； on time准时,按时；【2022 全国卷 I 30 】The form cannot be signed by anyone _ yourself. A. rather than B. other than C. more than D. better than 【答案】 B 【考点】考察连词用法【解析】【2022 全国卷 I 22 】Try_ she might, Sue couldnt get the door open.A. if B. when C. sine D. as 【答案】 D 【考点】此题

20、考察连词；【解析】题目前半句说,她试过；后半句说Sue 不能打开门,明显前后两句意思相反；As表示虽然,尽管；【2022 浙江卷 6 】The school isnt the one I really wanted to go to, but I suppose I ll just have to _it.D. catch up with A. make the best of B. get away from C. keep an eye on 【答案】 A 【考点】考察短语用法【解析】【2022 福建卷 22 】 _ good service, the restaurant offers

21、different kinds of traditional Fujian dished. A. Far from B. Apart from CInstead of DRegardless of 【答案】 B 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 【考点】考查介词短语；【解析】除了优质的服务外,这个饭店供应了不同种类的传统的福建菜；apart from表“ 除 以外” ,符合语意；far fr om“ 远离,远非” ； instead of“ 代替,而不是” ；regardless of“ 不管,不顾” ；【2022

22、 安徽卷 24 】To be great, you must be smart, confident, and, _, honest. A. therefore B. above all C. however D. after 【答案】 B 【考点】考察连词用法【解析】【2022 全国卷 I 25 】 Someone wants you on the phone. _nobody knows I am here. A. Although B. And C. But D. So 【答案】 C 【考点】考察连词用法；【解析】前半句为：有人给你打电话；后半句为：没有人知道我在这儿,依据句子意思可知前

23、后两句明显为转折关系,因此选C；ll find they 【2022 山东卷 23 】Find ways to praise your children often, _ youwill open their hearts to you. A. till B. or C. and D. but 【答案】 C 【考点】考并列连词用法；【解析】 分析前后分句规律关系,是条件或假设关系,而且“ 祈使句 +and/or/otherwise ”固定句型所以选C. 【2022 辽宁卷 31 】Bring the flowers into a warm room _ theyll soon open. A.

24、 or B. and C. but D. for 【答案】 B 【考点】考察连词用法；【解析】固定句型祈使句 +and/or+ 简洁句；依据题意,应为顺承关系；【2022 江西卷 27】 The haouse was too expensive and too hig. _, I d grown fond of our little rented house. A.Besides B.Therefore C.Somehow D.Otherwise 【答案】 A 【考点】考察连词用法【解析】 句意为这个房子太贵太大； 我已经对我的小的租用房越来越感爱好了；依据前后 句判定出为并列关系；Besid

25、es 此外,表并列, therefore 因此,表因果, somehow 无论如 何,表转折, otherwise 除此之外,表转折；选 A；10 福建 The girl had hardly rung the bell the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her. A. before B. until C. as D. since 答案 A 考点考连词的使用解析依据“ rung the bell”和“ the door was opened “ 的发生先后 , 可以得出答 案；句子的含义是： 女孩仍

26、没来得及按门铃 , 门就突然打开了；她的伴侣们一拥而上去欢迎她；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 10 上海our manage objects to Toms joining the club, we shall accept him as a member. A. Until B. Unless C. If D. After 答案 B 考点此题考查连词解析此句意思是“ 除非我们经理反对tom 加入俱乐部 , 不然我们都应接受他成为其中一员；”10 安徽 The engineers are so busy tha

27、t they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, _they have the interest. A. wherever B. whenever C. even if D. as if 答案 C 考点此题考查状语从句连词辨析；解析句意为“ 工程师们特别繁忙, 即使（ even if ）有户外体育活动的爱好也没有时间去做；”10 安徽 Just use this room for the time being, and well offer you a larger one _it becomes available A. as soon

28、 as B. unless C. as far as D. until 答案 A 考点此题考查状语从句连词辨析；解析句意为“ 仅临时使用此房间, 它一（ as soon as）可以正常使用, 我们就供应你一个大点的；”10 江西 Our holiday cost a lot of money. Did it. Well, that doesnt matter_ you enjoyed yourselves.A as long as B unless C as soon as D though 答案 A 考点考查连词和具有连词作用的词组解析 as long as只要 unless 除非否就 as

29、 soon as 一就 though虽然 , 后一句为只要你玩的高兴 , 花多少钱就不重要；10 江西 Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients _ name, not case number. A of B as C by D with 答案 C 考点考查介词解析方式方法可以用by 也可以用 with, by+ n方式 , with+修饰词 + n 工具 . 10 全国 Mary made coffee _ her guests were finishing their meal . A. so that B. although C. while D

30、. as if 答案 C 考点此题考查连词的用法；解析句意：Mary 做咖啡当她的客人们将要终止用餐的时候；依据选项此题考查连词的 用法； so that 译为“ 以便” 表示目的 , although 译为“ 尽管 , 虽然”, as if 译为 “ 好 , 因此 while 符合句意 , 挑选 C；像” , while 译为 “ 当 . 的时候”10 全国 The little boy wont go to sleep _ his mother tells him a story.A. or B. unless C. but D. whether 答案 B 考点此题考查连词的用法；名师归纳

31、总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 解析 句意： 这个小男孩儿不会睡觉除非他的妈妈给他讲故事；依据选项此题考查连词的用法； or 译为“ 或者” 表示挑选, unless译为“ 除非” 表示条件, but译为 “ 但是” 表示转折 , whether译为 “ 是否”, 依据句意挑选B；10 辽宁 The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair _ he wanted to sit next to his wife. Aalthough Bunless Cbecause Dif

32、答案 C 考点考查从属连词；解析 句意： 这位老人叫露丝挪到另一把椅子上由于他想跟他妻子挨着坐；空格前后两个句子在规律意义上存在缘由关系 , 所以用 because 引导缘由状语从句；Although 引导让步状语从句 , unless 和 if 引导条件状语从句；10 辽宁 It s no use having ideas only . Dont worry. Peter can show you _ _to turn an idea into an act. A. how B. who C. what D. where 答案 A 考点考查连接词的用法；解析句意： 光有想法没用；不用担忧,

33、皮特可以教你怎样把想法变为行动；虽然四个词都可以和动词不定式连用 , 但是意义不同；how 表示 “ 怎样”, 强调方式；而 who 和what 是连接代词 , 一般在不定式短语中作宾语 , 此句 中动词不定式有宾语 , 不再需要宾语, 所以排除 , where 就强调地点；与上一句不对应；10 北京 they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures. A. As B. While C. Until D. Once 答案 D 考点此题考查连词；解析此题重在句意的判定；“ 一

34、旦同学们打算了去哪所高校读书 , 他们就得争论下办理入学的手续；”A. As 当；由于 .B. while 做连词强调一件事发生时另外一个动作正在进行； C. Until 直到 .D. Once 一旦；因此选 D 10 上海 Sean has formed the habit of jogging the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day. A. between B. along C. below D. with 答案 B 考点考查介词的用法解析依据句意“ Sean 已经形成了每天沿着绿荫大道慢跑两小时的习惯”, 表示 “ 沿着” 时 , 应当

35、选 B；10 天津 My father warned me going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists. A. by B. on C. for D. against 答案 D 考点考查介词用法；解析句意：我父亲警告我不要去西海岸 , 由于那里挤满了游客；句中谓语动词 warned和介词 against 搭配 , 构成 warn sb. against doing sth. 相当于 warn sb. not to do sth, 意思是“ 警告某人不要干某事” ；10 四川 Tired, Jim was fast as

36、leep with his back a big tree. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. in B. below C. beside D. against 答案 D 考点考查介词；解析 句意为：“ 累了 , 吉姆背倚着树 , 很快就睡着了； ” against 此处意为：“ 倚着 , 靠着” ； below “ 在 下方” ；beside “ 在 旁边” ；in “ 在 里面或 （时间） 之后” ；10 辽宁 I agree to his suggestion _the condition that h

37、e drops all charges. A. by B. in C. on D. to 答案 C 考点考查介词用法；解析句意：我同意他的建议 , 条件是他舍弃全部指控；介词 on 和 the condition that一起相当一个连词 , 引导条件状语从句 , 意思是“ 条件是 , 以 为条件” ； 10 北 京 Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden. They are everyone s enjoyment. A. in B. at C. for D. to 答案 C 考点此题考查enjoyment 的习惯用语；We

38、work in the garden for enjoyment. 我解析 for enjoyment为了寻求乐趣；例如：们为寻求乐趣而在园子里劳作；10 重庆 The dictionary is what I want, but I dont have enough money me. A. by B. for C. in D. with 答案 D 考点考查介词；解析 I don t have enough money with me 意思是我没有随身带那么多钱；10 浙江 I guess we ve already talked about this before but Ill ask

39、you again just . A by nature Bin return Cin case D by chance 答案 C 考点此题考查介词短语；解析 分析四个选项的意思：by nature 天生地； in return 作为回报 , 作为交换； in case 万一 , 以防； by chance 偶然地；依据句意：我想我之前已经跟你谈论过这件事 , 但是以防万一 , 我再问你一次；09 安徽 I wonder how much you charge for your services. The first two are free the third costs $30. A. w

40、hile B. until C. when D. before 答案 A 考点此题考查连词的用法；解析 while 表转折“ 而 , 然而” ；依据句子意思, 前两份免费 , 而第三份要 $30；09 北京 John plays basketball well, _his favorite sport is badminton. A. so B. or C. yet D. for 答案 D 考点此题考查连词的用法；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 解析 前半句说 , “ 约翰打棒球打得很好, 后半句却说“ 他最喜爱的运动是打羽毛球”, 所以前后两句话存在转折关系, 应选 C yet “ 但是 , 然而” 来表示转折；09 北京 The wine industry in the area has developed in a special way, _ little foreign ownership. A. by B. of C. with D. from 答案 C 考点此题考查介词；解析句意为：这个地区的白酒业以一种特别的方式在进展着 with 具有 , 带有 , 表相伴；, 具有很少的外国