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1、第一编专题一考点3层级一真题题组A(2019全国卷，C)Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beachs Bar Louie counter by herself，quietly reading her ebook as she waits for her salad.What is she reading？None of your business！Lunch is Bechtels “me”time.And like more Americans，shes not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are

2、 eaten alone in America.More than half (53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent)have lunch by themselves.Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore,74 percent，according to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and be out.Alone，but together，you know？” Bechtel said，

3、looking up from her book.Bechtel，who works in downtown West Palm Beach，has lunch with coworkers sometimes，but like many of us，too often works through lunch at her desk.A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.She returns to work feeling energized.“Today，I just wa

4、nted some time to myself，”she said.Just two seats over，Andrew Mazoleny，a local videographer，is finishing his lunch at the bar.He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom hes on a firstname basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流)“I reflect on ho

5、w my days gone and think about the rest of the week，” he said.“Its a chance for selfreflection.You return to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone.There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one，but thos

6、e days are over.Now，we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table.“It doesnt feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology，” said Laurie Demeritt，whose company provided the statistics for the report.文章大意：主题：人与自我(生活)；话题：独自用餐。本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了现在的美国人多数喜欢独自一人吃饭，他们喜欢这种独处带来的自由。

7、1What are the statistics in Paragraph 2 about？_B_AFood variety.BEating habits.CTable manners.DRestaurant service.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的大部分人独自吃早饭或午饭，一起吃晚饭的数据可知，这是对美国人的饮食习惯进行了调查，故答案为B。2Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch？_C_ATo meet with her coworkers.BTo catch up with her work.CTo have some time on

8、 her own.DTo collect data for her report.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的I just wanted some time to myself (我只是想给自己一点儿时间)可知，Bechtel更喜欢出去吃午饭的原因是想拥有自己的时间，故答案为C。3What do we know about Mazoleny？_D_AHe makes videos for the bar.BHes fond of the food at the bar.CHe interviews customers at the bar.DHes familiar with the ba

9、rkeeper.解析：推理判断题。根据题干中的Mazoleny可定位到第四段，“.chat up the barkeeper with whom hes on a firstname basis if he wants to have a little interaction.”中的be on a firstname basis的意思是“关系好，可以直呼其名”，由此可知 Mazoleny与酒吧服务员很熟，故答案为D。4What is the text mainly about？_A_AThe trend of having meals alone.BThe importance of self

10、reflection.CThe stress from working overtime.DThe advantage of wireless technology.解析：主旨大意题。根据第一、三、四段的例子，第二段的数据以及最后一段中的第一句“That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone.”再次提及的eat alone可知，本文主要说了独自用餐已经逐渐成为一种趋势，故答案为A。B(2019全国卷，D)Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts.The m

11、icroorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station，so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem？Its turning to a bunch of high school kids.But not just any kids.It is depending on NASA HUNCH

12、high school classrooms，like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport，New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.For the past two years，Gordons students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gra

13、vity，and they think theyre close to a solution(解决方案)“We dont give the students any breaks.They have to do it just like NASA engineers，”says Florence Gold，a project manager.“There are no tests，” Gordon says.“There is no graded homework.There almost are no grades，other thanAre you working towards your

14、 goal？ Basically，its Ive got to produce this product and then，at the end of the year，present it to NASAEngineers come and really do an inperson review，and.its not a very nice thing at times.Its a hard business review of your product.”Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact (影响) on college admiss

15、ions and practical life skills.“These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I dont teach.”And that annoying bacteria？Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem，readying a workable solution to test in space.文章大意：主题：人与社会(科学与技术)；话题：处理太空细菌。 本文

16、是一篇说明文，介绍了美国一所中学与NASA合作的联合科研项目，解决国际空间站中的细菌问题。这类语篇对于启发与培养学生良好的思维品质有积极的引导作用。5What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station？_A_AThey are hard to get rid of.BThey lead to air pollution.CThey appear in different forms.DThey damage the instruments.解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The microorganism

17、s from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.”可知，来自我们身体的微生物在太空站的表面增长得很快，宇航员每周得花很长时间清理它们，由此断定太空站里的细菌很难清除，故答案为A。6What is the purpose of the HUNCH program？_D_ATo strengthen teacherstudent relationships.BTo sha

18、rpen students communication skills.CTo allow students to experience zero gravity.DTo link space technology with school education.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.”可知，HUNCH项目的目的是把学校教育与航天技术联系在一起，故答案为D。7What do the NASA engineers do for the stud

19、ents in the program？_A_ACheck their product.BGuide project designs.CAdjust work schedules.DGrade their homework.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的最后两句“Engineers come and really do an inperson review.Its a hard business review of your product.”可知，NASA工程师亲自检查那些高中学生的产品，故答案为A。8What is the best title for the text？_B_ANASA：

20、The Home of AstronautsBSpace：The Final Homework FrontierCNature：An Outdoor ClassroomDHUNCH：A College Admission Reform解析：标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了一个项目：把高中的教室教学与太空的研究联系起来，使学生们得到NASA工程师们的指导。因此在选标题时既要有太空，还要有学生，选项B将其完美地结合了起来，故答案为B。C(2019全国卷，D)Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.A team of researchers trained thre

21、e Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 025 drops of water or juice as a reward.The researchers then tested how the monkeys combinedor addedthe symbols to get the reward.Heres how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingston

22、e，who led the team，described the experiment：In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens.On one part of the screen，a symbol would appear，and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown.For example，the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would

23、have 9 and 8.If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice；if they went for the circle，they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers17 in this example.After running hundreds of tests，the researchers noted that the monkeys would go f

24、or the higher values more than half the time，indicating that they were performing a calculation，not just memorizing the value of each combination.When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely，they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate(低估) a sum compared with a single s

25、ymbol when the two were close in valuesometimes choosing，for example，a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6.The underestimation was systematic：When adding two numbers，the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two，and then added only a fraction(小部分) of the smaller number to it.“This indicates that

26、 there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains，”Dr.Livingstone says.“But in this experiment what theyre doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.”文章大意：主题：人与社会(科学)；话题：猴子算数。本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了哈佛医学院做的一项动物实验，实验发现猴子能进行基本的加法运算，但加的结果有时会小于总和。9What did the researchers

27、do to the monkeys before testing them？_C_AThey fed them.BThey named them.CThey trained them.DThey measured them.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys.”和“The researchers then tested how the monkeys combinedor addedthe symbols to get the reward.”可知研究者们是先训练猴子然后才进行测试的，故选C项。

28、其他三项均未提及。10How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment？_B_ABy drawing a circle.BBy touching a screen.CBy watching videos.DBy mixing two drinks.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice.”可知猴子们是通过触碰屏幕得到奖励的，故

29、选B项。其他三项均不是猴子所做的事。11What did Livingstones team find about the monkeys？_A_AThey could perform basic addition.BThey could understand simple words.CThey could memorize numbers easily.DThey could hold their attention for long.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，研究人员在进行了数百次测试后发现，猴子多半时候会选择更高的值，这表明它们是在进行计算，而不仅仅是记忆每个组合的值。1

30、2In which section of a newspaper may this text appear？_D_AEntertainment.BHealth.CEducation.DScience.解析：推理判断题。全文围绕科学实验展开研究者训练猴子并对其进行测试后发现猴子能够进行简单的加法运算，但有时计算的结果不够精确。由此可知，该文章可能出现在报纸的科学版上。D(2019北京卷，C)The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers the

31、y dont know.By next year，half of the calls we receive will be scams (欺诈)We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools，apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through.Unfortunately，its too little，too late.By the time these

32、“solutions”(解决方案) become widely available，scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.In the near future，its not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt.Soon you will also question whether the voice youre hearing is actually real.Thats because there are a number of

33、powerful voice manipulation (处理) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use. At this years I/O Conference，a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing humansounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a

34、reservation without detection.These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse.The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision.A decade of data breaches (数据侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can eas

35、ily learn your mothers name，and far more.Armed with this knowledge，theyre able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people.This means，for example，that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank te

36、llers，tricking you into “confirming” your address，mothers name，and card number.Scammers follow money，so companies will be the worst hit.A lot of business is still done over the phone，and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships.Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually

37、.We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks.Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real.That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images，showing when and who they were made by，or abandoni

38、ng phone calls altogether and moving towards databased communicationsusing apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp，which can be tied to your identity.Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose，and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.文章大意：主题：人与社会(社会)；话题：新兴科技成果对人们生活的影响。本文是一篇议论文，介绍了骚扰电话给人

39、们的生活带来的影响。文章引导考生辩证地思考问题，运用辩证思维模式，坚持两点论，避免走极端。这种思维模式能帮助考生意识到新兴科技成果对人们生活的影响有好有坏。13How does the author feel about the solutions to the problem of robocalls？_D_APanicked.BConfused.CEmbarrassed.DDisappointed.解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的内容特别是“By the time these solutions become widely available，scammers will have moved

40、 onto cleverer means.(等这些解决方案被广泛使用时，诈骗者们就会有更高明的手段)”可推知，作者对骚扰电话的解决方案不乐观，感到失望(disappointed)，故选D项。panicked惊慌的；confused迷惑的；embarrassed尴尬的。14Taking advantage of the new technologies，scammers can _A_.Aaim at victims precisely Bdamage databases easily Cstart campaigns rapidly Dspread information widely解析：细

41、节理解题。根据第三段的内容特别是“These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse.The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision.”以及“Armed with this knowledge，theyre able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people.”可知，技术的发展似乎会

42、使骚扰电话问题变得更糟，骚扰电话之所以让人头疼，主要在于诈骗者能精确地瞄准受害者，故选A项。15What does the passage imply？_B_AHonesty is the best policy.BTechnologies can be doubleedged.CThere are more solutions than problems.DCredibility holds the key to development.解析：推理判断题。技术的进步给人们的生活带来便利的同时，也给居心不良之人提供了可乘之机诈骗者拨打骚扰电话进行诈骗。所以说技术是把双刃剑，故选B项。16Whi

43、ch of the following would be the best title for the passage？_C_AWhere the Problem of Robocalls Is RootedBWho Is to Blame for the Problem of RobocallsCWhy Robocalls Are About to Get More DangerousDHow Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology解析：标题归纳题。文章介绍了随着技术的发展，骚扰电话问题变得更加糟糕，而骚扰电话之所以让人头疼，主要在于诈

44、骗者能精确瞄准受害者。骚扰电话影响了人们的生活，正变得越来越危险，文章介绍了这种状况发生的原因，故选C项。E(2019天津卷，B)I must have always known reading was very important because the first memories I have as a child deal with books.There was not one night that I dont remember mom reading me a storybook by my bedside.I was extremely inspired by the eleg

45、ant way the words sounded.I always wanted to know what my mom was reading.Hearing mom say，“I cant believe whats printed in the newspaper this morning，” made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself.I wanted to be like my mom and know all of the things she knew.So I carried around a boo

46、k，and each night，just to be like her，I would pretend to be reading.This is how everyone learned to read.We would start off with sentences，then paragraphs，and then stories.It seemed an unending journey，but even as a sixyearold girl I realized that knowing how to read could open many doors.When mom sa

47、id, “The CANDY is hidden on the top shelf，” I knew where the candy was.My progress in reading raised my curiosity，and I wanted to know everything.I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly，so that I could read all of the road signs we passed.Most of my reading through primary，middle an

48、d high school was factual reading.I read for knowledge，and to make As on my tests.Occasionally，I would read a novel that was assigned，but I didnt enjoy this type of reading.I liked facts，things that are concrete.I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument.Yet，now that Im growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex，I find myself needing a way to escape.By opening a novel，