最新心内科医生应掌握的糖尿病知识PPT课件.ppt
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1、心内科医生应掌握的糖尿病知心内科医生应掌握的糖尿病知识识30201007 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9A.M.P.M.早餐早餐午餐午餐晚餐晚餐7550250基础胰岛素基础胰岛素基础血糖基础血糖胰岛素胰岛素(U/mL)血糖血糖(mg/dL)时时间间健康人胰岛素和血糖曲线血糖紊乱与心血管病变血糖紊乱与心血管病变高血糖的分类高血糖的分类高血糖与心血管病变高血糖与心血管病变血糖调节紊乱与心血管病变血糖调节紊乱与心血管病变糖尿病心血管病变糖尿病心血管病变应激性高血糖与心血管病变应激性高血糖与心血管病变血糖外的因素与心血管病变血糖外的因素与心血管病变内内容容7.06.17.
2、811.1FPGmmol/l2hrPPGmmol/lIGRDMNomenclatureanddescriptiontermNomenclatureanddescriptiontermdefinedbyFPGand2hrPPGdefinedbyFPGand2hrPPGNomenclatureanddescriptiontermNomenclatureanddescriptiontermdefinedbyFPGand2hrPPGdefinedbyFPGand2hrPPGIFGIFG+IGTIGTFPGmmol/l2hrPPGmmol/l7.06.17.811.1DMNomenclatureandd
3、escriptiontermNomenclatureanddescriptiontermdefinedbyFPGand2hrPPGdefinedbyFPGand2hrPPGIFHCHIFGIFG+IGTIPHIGTFPGmmol/l2hrPPGmmol/l7.06.17.811.1ShawJE,etal.Diabetologia42:1050,1999ResnickHE,etal.DiabetesCare23:176,2000Barrett-ConnerE,etal.DiabetesCare21:1236,19985.6空腹和餐后血糖增高的临床表现空腹和餐后血糖增高的临床表现IGR(impai
4、redglucoseregulation)(impairedglucosehomeostasis)(pre-diabetes)DM(diabetesmellitus)IsolatedFPGIFG(少见)(少见)(impairedfastingglucose)IFH(罕见)(罕见)(isolatedfastinghyperglycemia)IsolatedPPGIGT(impairedglucosetolerance)IPH(isolatedpost-challengehyperglycemia)(diabeticOGTT)FPG&PPGIFG+IGT(combinedIGT)CH(combin
5、edhyperglycemia)血糖紊乱与心血管病变血糖紊乱与心血管病变高血糖的分类高血糖的分类高血糖与心血管病变高血糖与心血管病变血糖调节紊乱与心血管病变血糖调节紊乱与心血管病变糖尿病心血管病变糖尿病心血管病变应激性高血糖与心血管病变应激性高血糖与心血管病变血糖外的因素与心血管病变血糖外的因素与心血管病变内内容容Impairedglucosetoleranceisacardiovascularriskfactor(FunagataStudy)TominagaMetal.DiabetesCare1999Cumulativecardiovascularsurvival1.000.980.960.
6、940.9201234567YearSurvivalratescardiovasculardiseaseNormalIFG(FPG6.16.9mmo/L)Diabetes(FPG 7.0mmol/L)01.000.990.980.970.960.950.941234567YearSurvivalratescardiovasculardiseaseNormalIGT(2hPG7.811.0mmol/L)Diabetes(2hPG 11.1mmol/L)ParisProspectiveStudy10-yearfollow-upEschwegeEetal.HormMetabRes1985p0.001
7、Coronaryheartdiseasemortality(incidencerate/1,000)Glucose7.8mmol/L543210IGTGlucose 11.1mmol/L(newlydiagnoseddiabetes)Knowndiabetes(n=6,055)(n=690)(n=158)(n=135)Impairedglucosetoleranceprogressivelyincreasesriskofcoronaryheartdiseasemortality心血管死亡率与餐后高血糖具有线性正相关关系心血管死亡率与餐后高血糖具有线性正相关关系TuomilehtoJ.Unpub
8、lisheddatafromDECODE4321043210患者人数患者人数(x1,000)16141210864202-hourplasmaglucose(mmol/L)相对危险相对危险Cumulative hazard curves for WHO 2 h glucose criteria adjusted by age,sex,and study centre The DECODE study group THELANCETVol354August21,1999619IGTnormaldiabetes研究设计研究设计安慰剂安慰剂t.i.d.(n=715)阿卡波糖阿卡波糖100mgt.i.
9、d.(n=714)1036612182430时间(月)时间(月)12345678910 11121314就医(次)就医(次)安慰剂安慰剂n=1,429Placebo60末次就医末次就医3个月个月安慰剂安慰剂首次心血管事件的发生首次心血管事件的发生危险下降危险下降(%)p阿卡波糖阿卡波糖(n=682)安慰剂安慰剂(n=686)患者例数患者例数有利于阿卡波糖有利于阿卡波糖有利于安慰剂有利于安慰剂00.5 1.01.52.0冠心病冠心病心梗心梗11291心绞痛心绞痛51255血管重建血管重建112039心血管死亡心血管死亡1245充血性心衰充血性心衰脑血管意外脑血管意外/卒中卒中2444外周血管病变
10、外周血管病变11任何预先指定的心血管事件任何预先指定的心血管事件1532490.02260.13440.18060.62980.50610.92550.0326心血管事件心血管事件ITT累计发生率累计发生率(%)043215随机化后时间(年)随机化后时间(年)阿卡波糖阿卡波糖安慰剂安慰剂543210心血管事件发生率心血管事件发生率(仅指首次事件仅指首次事件)血糖紊乱与心血管病变血糖紊乱与心血管病变高血糖的分类高血糖的分类高血糖与心血管病变高血糖与心血管病变血糖调节紊乱与心血管病变血糖调节紊乱与心血管病变糖尿病心血管病变糖尿病心血管病变应激性高血糖与心血管病变应激性高血糖与心血管病变血糖外的因素
11、与心血管病变血糖外的因素与心血管病变内内容容糖尿病对心血管死亡率的影响糖尿病对心血管死亡率的影响美国第一次营养调查和二次营养调查冠心病美国第一次营养调查和二次营养调查冠心病死亡率的比较死亡率的比较糖尿病是冠心病的等位症糖尿病是冠心病的等位症012345678020406080100NodiabetesandnopreviousMI(n=1,304)DiabetesandnopreviousMI(n=890)NodiabetesandpreviousMI(n=69)DiabetesandpreviousMI(n=169)Survival(%)YearHaffnerSM,et al.N Engl
12、J Med1998;339:229234.MI:myocardial infarctionError bars indicate 95%CI All other causes2型糖尿病的死因分析型糖尿病的死因分析(Verona Diabetes Study;De Marco et al,Diabetes Care 22:756,1999)27.3Digestivediseases8.3Respiratorydiseases4.47.4Cardiovasculardiseases39.8MalignanciesDiabetes12.7N=7148,10-yr follow-up(1986-199
13、5)NorhammarAetal.Lancet2002急性心肌梗塞患者的糖代谢状态急性心肌梗塞患者的糖代谢状态因急性心肌梗塞而入住因急性心肌梗塞而入住CCU的的181例例瑞典瑞典患者患者出院后出院后3个月糖耐量减退和未被诊断糖尿病的比例保持不变个月糖耐量减退和未被诊断糖尿病的比例保持不变35%有糖耐量减退(有糖耐量减退(IGT)31%有未被诊断的糖尿病有未被诊断的糖尿病平均年龄平均年龄63.5岁岁此前未诊断糖尿病此前未诊断糖尿病血糖血糖11.1mmol/L糖尿病是心血管疾病A.H.A.Scientific Statement(Circulation 1999;100:1134-1146)大血管
14、病变的独立危险因子(大血管病变的独立危险因子(UKPDS)UKPDS研究中心梗与不同治疗间的关系C v G v Ip=0.66血糖紊乱与心血管病变血糖紊乱与心血管病变高血糖的分类高血糖的分类高血糖与心血管病变高血糖与心血管病变血糖调节紊乱与心血管病变血糖调节紊乱与心血管病变糖尿病心血管病变糖尿病心血管病变应激性高血糖与心血管病变应激性高血糖与心血管病变血糖外的因素与心血管病变血糖外的因素与心血管病变内内容容Survivalrateinwomenbyplasmaglucosequartiles12and34(P=0.03).5.40.57.51.5Diabetes Care24:1634-163
15、9,2001AdmissionPlasmaGlucoseisAnindependentriskfactorinnondiabeticwomenaftercoronaryarterybypassgraftingDIGAMIStudy(DiabetesMellitusInsulinGlucoseInfusioninAcuteMyocardialInfarction)Subject620patientswithdiabetesmellitusandacutemyocardialinfarctionIntensivetreatment:Standardtreatmentplusinsulin-gluc
16、oseinfusionforatleast24hoursfollowedbymultidoseinsulintreatment(306patients)Control:Standardtreatment(314patients)StudyDesignInsulinTreatmentInsulintreatment:IntensiveControlpAtdischarge266(87%)135(43%)0.00013month245(80%)141(45%)0.0001Oneyear220(72%)141(49%)0.0001Othertreatment:nodifferenceIntensiv
17、eControlPGlucoseat(mmol/l)Baseline15.7(4.2)15.4(4.1)0.424hafterrandomisation11.7(4.1)9.6(3.3)0.0001Glucoseathospitaldischarge9.0(3.0)8.2(3.1)0.01HaemoglobinA1c(%)Baseline8.0(2.0)8.2(1.9)0.23month1.1(1.6)0.4(1.5)0.0001)12months0.9(1.9)0.4(1.8)5daysintensivecare(long-staypatients)Long-stayICUpatients2
18、0%riskofdeathinICUHighmorbidityduetospecificcomplicationsSepsisandinflammationMultipleorganfailureWasting,polyneuropathy,weaknessConsumelargefractionofscarceICUresourcesVan den Berghe G et al.N Engl J Med 2001:345:1359-1367HyperglycaemiainICUCurrentpractice:HyperglycaemiaiscommonCausedbyinsulinresis
19、tanceAdaptive?Onlytreatedwhenbloodglucose215mg/dL(12mmol/L)Keyhypothesis:Hyperglycaemia(110mg/dL,6.1mmol/L)predisposestospecificICUcomplications,prolongedintensivecaredependency,anddeathVan den Berghe G et al.N Engl J Med 2001:345:1359-1367Prospective,randomised,controlledtrialAllmechanicallyventila
20、tedpatientsadmittedtoICUConsentfromclosestfamilymemberStratifiedforon-admissiondiagnosisandrandomisedto:Intensive insulin treatmentGlucose 110 mg/dL,maintain at 80 110(at ICU discharge:conventional approach 200 mg/dL)Conventional insulin treatmentGlucose 215 mg/dL,maintain at 180 200StudydesignProto
21、colStandardfeedingregimenstartedonadmissionInsulinbycontinuousi.v.infusion(syringepump)Wholebloodglucosemonitoredevery1to4hoursInsulindoseadjustedbyICUnursesandastudyphysiciannotinvolvedinclinicaldecisionmakingPrimaryoutcomemeasureDeathfromanycauseinICU(causeofdeathconfirmedbyautopsy-blindedpatholog
22、ist)SecondaryoutcomemeasuresIn-hospitalmortality Van den Berghe G et al.N Engl J Med 2001:345:1359-1367StudydesignSecondaryoutcomemeasures:morbidityBloodstreaminfections*Inflammation*Acuterenalfailureandneedfordialysis/haemofiltration*Anaemiaandneedforred-celltransfusions*Hyperbilirubinaemia*Critica
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