建筑环境与能源应用工程专业英语12复习过程.ppt

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1、1建筑建筑环境与能源境与能源应用工程用工程专业英英语12122022/11/10Good good study,day day up!2air conditioning system 空气调节系统空气调节系统humidify 加湿加湿 dehumidify 除湿除湿filter 过滤过滤 过滤器过滤器 central-station system 集中式系统集中式系统unitary system 单元式系统单元式系统 mechanical room 机房机房radiant-heat systems 辐射采暖系统辐射采暖系统 blower 送风机送风机face velocity 迎面风速迎面风速

2、 face area 迎风面积迎风面积mixing plenum 混合箱混合箱 damper 闸板闸板direct expansion(DX)直接膨胀直接膨胀 vibration damper 减震器减震器acoustic lining 隔音层隔音层 acoustic board 隔音板隔音板grilles 格栅格栅 register 送风口送风口the fan-coil unit system 风机盘管系统风机盘管系统 high-velocity conduit unit system 高速送风系统高速送风系统air conditioning system 空气调节系统空气调节系统humid

3、ify 加湿加湿 dehumidify 除湿除湿filter 过滤过滤 过滤器过滤器 central-station system 集中式系统集中式系统unitary system 单元式系统单元式系统 mechanical room 机房机房radiant-heat systems 辐射采暖系统辐射采暖系统 blower 送风机送风机face velocity 迎面风速迎面风速 face area 迎风面积迎风面积mixing plenum 混合箱混合箱 damper 闸板闸板direct expansion(DX)直接膨胀直接膨胀 vibration damper 减震器减震器acoust

4、ic lining 隔音层隔音层 acoustic board 隔音板隔音板grilles 格栅格栅 register 送风口送风口the fan-coil unit system 风机盘管系统风机盘管系统 high-velocity conduit unit system 高速送风系统高速送风系统2022/11/10Good good study,day day up!3 An air conditioning system is an assembly of various components which operate in a controlled manner to produce

5、 a specified condition of the air within a space or building.To provide complete air conditioning a system must accomplish all the following:heat,humidify,cool,dehumidify,ventilate,filter,and circulate.2022/11/10Good good study,day day up!4ConfigulationCentral-stationUnitary systemsCool supplyHeat s

6、upplyFunctional A central-station system is one in which the components of the system are all grouped together in one central mechanical room and the conditioned air is sent from there to the spaces to be conditioned through extensive ductwork.These are usually installed in or immediately adjacent t

7、o a zone or space to be conditioned.2022/11/10Good good study,day day up!525 cool ton;10000cfm;40000cfm or100coll tonPlant 80000?Mixing plenums/filterVertical installationReuse2022/11/10Good good study,day day up!6Air conditioning units close to cooling and heatingequipment,better to use direct expa

8、nsion refrigerant coil and hot-water coilsOr else,the chiller water or hot water will be the medium and pumped to the air conditioning coilsExtreme importance,if located on upper floors,must make sure the stress design is satisfied,every part should be designed quiet,such as fan motors,ducts and duc

9、t turns,and so on2022/11/10Good good study,day day up!7The Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute(ARI)defines a unitary air conditioner as one or more factory-made assemblies that normally include an evaporator or cooling coil and a compressor and condenser combination.It may include a heating

10、 function as well.A unitary air conditioner having more than one factory-made assembly(e.g.,indoor and outdoor units)is commonly called a split system.Unitary air conditioner:单元式空调器单元式空调器Split unit:分体式空调器分体式空调器2022/11/10Good good study,day day up!81 The remote air conditioning unit system.The unit i

11、s a factory-assembled combination of equipment which will perform all seven air conditioning functions.They are separated from compress chillers and heat source.The cooling coil may be either of the direct-expansion or chilled water type,and the heating coil may be either for hot water or for steam.

12、2 The self-contained air conditioning unit system.This type of unit incorporates the refrigeration condensing unit and the heating plant(frequently a gas-fired furnace)all in the same enclosure.3 The unitary system for multi-room buildings.These systems are actually combination unitary-central-stati

13、on systems.分离式空气处理单元系统分离式空气处理单元系统独立式单元空调系统独立式单元空调系统多房间建筑中的单元空调系统多房间建筑中的单元空调系统2022/11/10Good good study,day day up!91 The fan-coil unit system.Unit conditioners of this type provide complete air conditioning using chilled water for cooling and hot water for heating.The same coil is ordinarily used fo

14、r both summer and winter operation.The fan is a centrifugal type and blows freely into the room discharging conditioned air upward and slightly outward into the room.Slow fan and low static pressure permit extremely low noise level and power requirements.2022/11/10Good good study,day day up!102 The

15、duct-type unit system.The units of this type system are commonly referred to as convectors.The convector has no fan and may not have heating or cooling coils,although some types have reheat coils as local boosters for winter operation.There is a plenum chamber in the bottom of the unit which is supp

16、lied by a conventional duct from a central-station air conditioning system.Completely conditioned air enters the plenum both winter and summer.This air is called the primary air.It exits upward from the plenum through a series of nozzles,attaining a rather high velocity as it flows upward through th

17、e venturi-shaped throat of the convector.The Bernoulli effect created produces an area of low pressure into which room air is drawn through a grille in the front of the unit.2022/11/10Good good study,day day up!113 The high-velocity conduit unit system.The air conditioning unit of this system is aga

18、in known as a convector.Primary air from a central-station air conditioning unit is supplied through small-diameter conduits at high static pressure and high velocity.The advantages of the high-velocity conduit system center around the space-saving features inherent in its design.High-velocity syste

19、ms,on the other hand,can handle 30-story and higher buildings from one central mechanical room,since only one-fourth of the supply air actually comes from the central-station equipment,and it travels in the conduits at a speed four to five times that common in conventional duct systems.2022/11/10Goo

20、d good study,day day up!12Air Conditioning Systems Central-station System Capacity considerations Filter and mixing plenums Refrigeration and heating equipment Always be insulated Noise and vibration Unitary Air Conditioning Systems fan-coil unit system duct-type system high-velocity conduit unit sy

21、stem2022/11/10Good good study,day day up!131.An air conditioning system is an assembly of various components which operate in a controlled manner to produce a specified condition of the air within a space or building.2.To provide complete air conditioning a system must accomplish all the following:h

22、eat,humidify,cool,dehumidify,ventilate,filter,and circulate.assembly:集合集合 装配装配 controlled manner:控制方法控制方法specified:指定的指定的accomplish:完成完成 达到达到 filter:过滤过滤 circulate:换气换气2022/11/10Good good study,day day up!143.A central-station system is one in which the components of the system are all grouped toget

23、her in one central mechanical room and the conditioned air is sent from there to the spaces to be conditioned through extensive ductwork.central-station system:集中式空调系统集中式空调系统 mechanical room:机房机房ductwork:管道系统管道系统4.Unitary systems make use of factory-assembled and tested air conditioning units.These

24、are usually installed in or immediately adjacent to a zone or space to be conditioned.unitary system:单元式空调系统单元式空调系统 immediately:直接地直接地 adjacent:邻近的邻近的factory-assembled and tested:厂家装配和测试的厂家装配和测试的2022/11/10Good good study,day day up!155.Another possible classification divides air conditioning systems

25、 into cooling systems and heating systems.Cooling systems may in turn to be classified in terms of the cooling medium and cooling surface used.Heating systems are classified as warm-air systems or radiant-heat systems.6.The term“central-station”is ordinarily not applied to systems of less than about

26、 25 tons of cooling capacity,circulating about 10,000 cfm of conditioning air.term:术语术语 cfm:cubic feet per minute 立方英尺立方英尺/分分cooling medium:冷却介质冷却介质 cooling surface:冷却表面冷却表面warm-air system:热空气采暖系统热空气采暖系统 radiant-heat system:辐射采暖系统辐射采暖系统2022/11/10Good good study,day day up!167.Refrigeration condensin

27、g units and steam or hot-water boilers for these purposes may be in the same mechanical room with the air conditioner or may be in an adjoining room or in the basement.8.It will be recalled that heat transfer between air and metal surfaces requires rather large surfaces areas.refrigeration condensin

28、g units:制冷机制冷机 adjoining:邻近的邻近的basement:地下室地下室recall:回忆引申为提醒回忆引申为提醒 rather:相当地相当地2022/11/10Good good study,day day up!179.Heating and cooling coils handling air at face velocities of around 500 fpm must present about 2 sq ft of face area(four-row coil)for each 1,000 cfm of air handled.face velocity:

29、迎面风速迎面风速 face area:迎风面积迎风面积four-row coil:4排盘管排盘管fpm:feet per minute 英尺英尺/分钟分钟10.If the job requires more total capacity than this,two or more“zones”should be planned with an air conditioning system installed to handle each zone.zones:空调区域空调区域2022/11/10Good good study,day day up!1811.Blowers are manu

30、factured commercially in capacities up to 200,000 cfm,but the associated equipment for units handling this much air is heavy,difficult to fabricate and install,and difficult to service.12.Supply and return ductwork and outside air intakes have to be extremely large for units handling over 50,000 cfm

31、,and the problem of locating these ducts in the building structure is extremely difficult.blower:送风机送风机 associated:关联的关联的 相关的相关的service:保养保养 维护维护supply ductwork:送风管道送风管道 return ductwork:回风管道回风管道extremely:极端地极端地 非常地非常地2022/11/10Good good study,day day up!1913.The nature of the building itself frequen

32、tly determines the extent of zoning to be specified,a theatre or department-store installation,where spaces of large cubical content are the rule,may usually be most economically conditioned by only a few(perhaps only one)central-station air conditioning units.14.Office buildings,schools,and similar

33、 buildings with many rooms lend themselves to more zoning,with air conditioning units of 10,000 to 30,000 cfm being in common use.department-store:百货公司百货公司 rule:规律规律lend itself to:适合于适合于 2022/11/10Good good study,day day up!2015.Return air and fresh outside air should be brought into a plenum for mi

34、xing prior to being filtered.return air:回风回风 fresh outside air:室外新风室外新风plenum:静压箱静压箱16.The damper may be controlled by a thermostat to admit less outside air when extreme outdoor temperatures occur or by smoke and odor-sensing devices in the conditioned space in order to increase the amount of venti

35、lation air as needed,owing to the nature of the occupancy.damper:闸板闸板 smoke and odor-sensing devices:烟或气味感应器烟或气味感应器occupancy:居住居住 占据占据2022/11/10Good good study,day day up!2117.Filter banks are ordinarily assembled vertically,and on large jobs the filters are usually of the cleanable type for use ove

36、r and over again.18.In systems requiring only one or two zones,where the air conditioning units can be located close to the cooling and heating equipment,the usual practice is to use direct expansion(DX)refrigerant coil and hot-water coils.direct expansion:直接膨胀式直接膨胀式filter banks:过滤器组过滤器组 vertically:

37、垂直地垂直地2022/11/10Good good study,day day up!2219.The entire housing for the centralstation air conditioning unit is usually insulated over its outer-surface with at least 1-in-thick insulating board,all steam,hot-water,chilled-water,and suction refrigerant piping should be insulated to prevent heat l

38、osses and gains.20.If air conditioning central systems are located on upper floors,it must be ascertained that the building stress design has taken these loads into account.housing:外壳外壳 insulating board:保温板保温板 suction:吸入吸入condensate water 冷凝水冷凝水ascertain:确保确保 building stress design:建筑应力设计建筑应力设计2022/

39、11/10Good good study,day day up!2321.Quiet-operating fan motors should be specified,vibration dampers should be installed under all rotating equipment,and acoustic linings specified for mechanical rooms.quiet-operating:静音型的静音型的 vibration damper:减震器减震器acoustic linings:隔音层隔音层22.Ducts and duct turns sh

40、ould be lined at critical places with acoustic board,and extreme care must be exercised in duct design so that high velocity whistle will not occur.turns:转弯转弯 acoustic board:隔音板隔音板 line:装衬装衬 填充填充exercise:行使行使 实施实施 whistle:口哨声口哨声2022/11/10Good good study,day day up!2423.Office buildings,hotels and mo

41、tels,guest rooms,hospitals,and apartment buildings are ordinarily air conditioned by the use of separate air conditioning units in each room.24.Individual room-temperature control is a feature of such systems,and the design is such that drafts are minimized.The one disadvantage is the fact that the

42、units themselves take up floor space and interfere to some extent with room decor.feature:特点特点 draft:引申为气温波动引申为气温波动 decor:装饰装饰office building:办公建筑办公建筑 motels:汽车旅馆汽车旅馆 guest room:客房客房apartment building:公寓建筑公寓建筑2022/11/10Good good study,day day up!2525.Summer humidity control is obtained by proper coi

43、l temperature and size,while some winter humidification is provided by the outside air(usually nearly saturated)introduced.26.The convector has no fan and may not have heating or cooling coils,although some types have reheat coils as local boosters for winter operation.27.This secondary air is drawn

44、 in over the heating and cooling coil(if provided)and entrained in the flow of primary air.humidity control：湿度控制湿度控制secondary air:二次风二次风 primary air:一次风一次风entrain:带走带走convector:诱导器诱导器 reheat coils:再热盘管再热盘管 二次加热盘管二次加热盘管booster:后援后援 后备后备2022/11/10Good good study,day day up!2628.The primary air blows u

45、p into the convector body through several score small-diameter nozzles,and the high velocity in the convector body creates a large amount of secondary induction.29.The advantages of the high-velocity conduit system center around the space-saving features inherent in its design.score:二十二十 nozzle:喷嘴喷嘴

46、induction:诱导诱导 感应感应center around:集中在集中在 inherent:内在的内在的2022/11/10Good good study,day day up!2730.High-velocity systems,on the other hand,can handle 30-story and higher buildings from one central mechanical room,since only one-fourth of the supply air actually comes from the central-station equipment

47、,and it travels in the conduits at a speed four to five times that common in conventional duct systems.31.Disadvantages of this type of system are high initial cost and the inability to the filter the secondary air from the rooms.Since this air makes up three-fourths to four-fifths of the supply air out of the convector,this is a rather serious limitation.high-velocity systems:高速送风系统高速送风系统 story:楼层楼层conduits:管道管道inability:无能无能 无力无力 makes up:构成构成 占据占据28此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢