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1、第一编专题二层级一真题题组A(2019北京卷)Much of the work in todays world is accomplished(完成) in teams.Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals._1.B_ Companies spend millions hiring top business people.Is their money well spent?_2.E_ They focused on

2、football，basketball and baseball.The results are mixed.For football and basketball，adding talented players to a team proves a good method，but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent；above that level，the teams performance begins to decline.Interestingly，this trend isnt evident in

3、 baseball，where additional individual talent keeps improving the teams performance.To explain this phenomenon，the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调) their actions._3.G_ In baseball，the performance of individual players is less

4、 dependent on teammates.They conclude that when task interdependence is high，team performance will suffer when there is too much talent，while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower.If a basketball star is，for example，trying to gain a high

5、personal point total，he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate，affecting the teams performance.Young children learning to play team sports are often told，“There is no I in TEAM.”_4.D_Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team，some play

6、ers may make less effort.Just as in a game of tugofwar(拔河比赛)，whenever a person is added，everyone else pulls the rope with less force._5.F_ An Ateam may require a balancenot just A players，but a few generous B players as well.AIts not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.BSports team own

7、ers spend millions of dollars attracting top talent.CThe group interaction and its effect drew the researchers attention.DStars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.ESeveral recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.FBuilding up a dream team is more com

8、plex than simply hiring the best talent.GThis task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.文章大意：主题：人与社会(人际沟通与合作)；话题：团队建设。本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了优秀人才在团队建设中的作用、地位和分布比例等。通过几项研究，得出的结论是：一个好的团队，其成员构成需要平衡，既要有优秀的人，也要有普通的人。在团队建设中优秀人才的引进不能简单地搞“一刀切”。1解析：词汇锁定法解题。空格前说“大多数人认为建一个好的团队的最好方法是聚集一群

9、最有天赋(talented)的个人”，空格后说“公司花数百万(millions)雇用顶级商业人士”，由此可知空格处选B项“体育队的老板花数百万(millions)美元吸引体育天才(talent)”，其中的millions和talent与上下文对应，故应选B项。2解析：关联逻辑法解题。根据空格后的“The results are mixed.”知，空格处是研究的结果，选项E中的several recent studies与之对应，故答案为E。3解析：词汇锁定法解题。空格后先是提到了baseball，后又提到了basketball，对天才球员在这两项运动中所起的作用进行了研究，由此可知，空格处涉及

10、baseball和basketball。选项G中的baseball，football，basketball与之对应，故答案为G。4解析：关联逻辑法解题。根据空格前的“学习参加团队运动的小孩子经常被告知团队里没有个人”可推断出，选项D “明星们很明显不遵守体育精神这一基本原则”符合语境，故答案为D。5解析：关联逻辑法解题。根据空格后的“一个优秀的团队需要平衡”可知，空格处是“建立一支梦之队比单纯雇用最优秀的人才更复杂”，这与选项F对应，故答案为F。B(2018全国卷)Before there was the written word，there was the language of dance

11、.Dance expresses love and hate，joy and sorrow，life and death，and everything else in between._1.B_ We dance from Florida to Alaska，from north to south and sea to sea.We dance at weddings，birthdays，office parties and just to fill the time.“I adore dancing，” says Lester Bridges，the owner of a dance stu

12、dio in Iowa.“I cant imagine doing anything else with my life.”Bridges runs dance classes for all ages.“Teaching dance is wonderful._2.D_ Its great to watch them.For many of them，its a way of meeting people and having a social life.”_3.A_ “I can tell you about one young couple，” says Bridges.“Theyre

13、learning to do traditional dances.They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile._4.F_”So do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better，calmer，healthier？Andrea Hillier says，“Dance，like the pattern of a beating heart，is life.Even after all these years，I want to get better an

14、d better._5.E_ I find it hard to stop！Dancing reminds me Im alive.”ASo why do we dance?BDance in the US.is everywhere.CIf you like dancing outdoors，come to America.DMy older students say it makes them feel young.EI keep practicing even when Im extremely tired.FDancing seems to change their feeling c

15、ompletely.GThey stayed up all night long singing and dancing.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。跳舞在美国很常见。Bridges是美国爱荷华州的一个舞蹈工作室的老板，在文章中他分析跳舞的好处，解释人们学习舞蹈的原因，表达自己对舞蹈的热爱。1解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。空后的“We dance from Florida to Alaska，from north to south and sea to sea.We dance at weddings，birthdays，office parties and just to fill the t

16、ime.”可知，舞蹈在美国到处都有，故B项符合语境。2解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。 D项中的them指代my older students。空后的两个them也指代my older students。3解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。 由本段中的“They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile.”可知，跳舞可以让原本情绪低落的他们变得开心，故A项(那么我们为什么跳舞呢？)符合语境。4解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。由上句“They arrive at the class in low spirits and the

17、y leave with a smile.”可知，他们跳完舞后，精神状态发生了很大的变化。故F项(舞蹈似乎完全改变了他们的感觉)符合语境。5解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。由空后的“I find it hard to stop！”可知E项(我即使在极其疲惫的时候，也坚持练习)符合语境。C(2018北京卷)Why Do We Get Angry?Anger seems simple when we are feeling it，but the causes of anger are various.Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavi

18、or，and correct bad habits.The main reasons we get angry are triggering(触发)events，personality traits(特征)，and our assessment of situations._1.F_Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages.However，here are some examples：being cut off in traffic，a deadl

19、ine approaching，experiencing physical pain，and much more._2.G_ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to ones personal history and psychological traits.Each person，no matter who they are，has psychological imbalances.People who have personality traits that co

20、nnect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry._3.E_ Also，sometimes preanger does not have to do with a lasting condition，but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred._4.A_ Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of preanger，or a

21、nger itself.Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger._5.D_ However，anger can easily turn violent，and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence.With these main reasons in mind，we can evaluate our level of anger throughout

22、 the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.AOur attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.BBut some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.CAnger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character tr

23、ait，and is usually advised to reduce it.DAnger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.EHaving these personality traits implies the preanger state，where anger is in the background of your mind.FUnderstanding these reasons will control our own ange

24、r if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.GNot everyone acts the same in response to events，and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了人生气的几种原因。人们通过了解生气的原因，可以控制好自己的情绪而不去生气，由此减少生气对自己造成的危害。 1解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。 由空前的the main reasons锁定选项F中的t

25、hese reasons。结合上下文内容可知，作者提到了一些引发生气的原因，理解这些原因有助于我们控制生气。2解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法以及关联逻辑法。由空后的someone is triggered.others are not.可知，相同的事情并不会引发每个人都生气，这与选项G中的not everyone acts the same in response to events以及triggers相吻合。3解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。由空前的personality traits以及空后的preanger锁定选项E中的personality traits implies the preange

26、r state。由此可知选E项。4解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。由空后的situations，create锁定选项A中的on situations can create anger within us，即对于某些情况的态度和看法是生气的原因。5解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。由空后表转折的副词however以及 anger can easily turn violent可知，因为生气容易转变为暴力，所以作者不赞同生气，即使有理由生气。选项D中提到“人们认为有理由去生气”，显然它可以放在空格中构成前后文意思的转折。故选D。D(2018浙江卷)Moving into a new home in a ne

27、w neighborhood is an exciting experience.Of course，you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood.The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should._1.G_Perhaps one of the most important things you can do a

28、s a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat，clean，and in good repair._2.F_ By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.Second，take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously.When going for a walk，take along a sm

29、all garbage bag._3.E_ This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area._4.B_ If a neighbor is going to be out of town，offer to collect mail and newspapers.If a neighbor suffers an illness，offer to do the grocery shopping.Let them know that you are there to help in any way tha

30、t is acceptable，while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor._5.C_ By following the basic rules of respecting others，taking care of what belongs to you，and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general，you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciates.AIn gener

31、al，keep an eye on their property while they are gone.BA good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.CBeing a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.DSometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.EShould you come across waste paper thrown ou

32、t of a passing car，pick it up.FPeople tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.GHere are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几个帮你迅速赢得新邻居欣赏的小技巧。本文为“总分”结构，从四个方面说明了如何做个好邻居。1解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。通读全文可知，本文是“总分”结构。由第二段中的“.one of

33、 the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep.”以及第三段的second可知，本题选G，也就是本文的主题句。2解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。该空格前面的neat，clean，in good repair 以及空格后面的in great shape都与 F项的fresh and inviting相吻合。3解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。空格前提到，散步时随身带个小垃圾袋；空格后提到，这个小小的举动会让你的邻居知道你关心这个区域。因此此处要填E项“如果你碰到从路过的车里扔出的废纸，把它捡起来”。4解析：解本题可用词

34、汇锁定法。由本段中的you are there to help in any way可知，选B项“一个好邻居也是一个在小的方面乐于助人的人”。5解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。空后的respecting others，taking care of，taking pride in都是替别人着想的表现，故C项符合语境。E(2017全国卷)Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while youre trying to get work done._1.B_，there are several ways to handle thin

35、gs.Lets take a look at them now._2.A_.Tell the person youre sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that youll find t

36、hem then._3.E_.It can help to eliminate(消除) future interruptions.When you need to someone, dont do it in your own office._4.D_， its much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.If you have a door to yo

37、ur office, make good use of it._5.G_.If someone knocks and its not an important matter.Excuse yourself and let the person know youre busy so they can get the hint(暗示) than when the door is closed, youre not to be disturbed.AIf youre busy, dont feel bad about saying noBWhen you want to avoid interrup

38、tions at work CSet boundaries for yourself as your time goesDIf youre in the other persons office or in a public areaEIts important that you let them know when youll be availableFIt might seem unkind to cut people shirt when they interrupt youGLeave it open when youre available to talk and close it

39、when youre not文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了避免工作时被打断的几种方法。1解析：考查承启句。根据上文的“Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with”以及下文的“there are several ways to handle things”可知，工作时被打断是要处理的最糟糕的事情之一，有几个处理事情的办法。空处承上启下，应选B项。2解析：考查主题句。根据下文的“Tell the person youre sorry.ask if the two of you can talk at a different ti

40、me”可知，本段讲述的是当你忙的时候，要拒绝别人打断你。故A项符合文意。3解析：考查承启句。根据上文的“let them know to come back during that time or that youll find them then”及下文的“It can help to”可知，此处指让他们知道你什么时候有空是很重要的。故选E项。4解析：考查承启句。根据上文的“dont do it in your own office”以及下文的“excuse yourself to get back to your work”可知，你如果不在自己的办公室里，就更容易给自己找到借口返回来工作。

41、故选D项。5解析：考查承启句。根据本段的首句“If you have a door to your office，make good use of it”以及下文的“when the door is closed”可知，G项符合文意。F(2017浙江卷)How to Do Manonthestreet InterviewsThe manonthestreet interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the sport._1.D_

42、But with these tips, your first manonthestreet interview experience can be easy. When your boss or professor sends you out to do manonthestreet interviews for a story, think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it.For example, if your topic is about environme

43、ntal problems in America, you might ask, “Why do you think environmental protection is important in America？” _2.G_ Hit the streets with confidence._3.B_ Say, “Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.” This is a quick way to get people to

44、warm up to you. Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera.Dont get discouraged._4.A_ Each interview that you get on the street shouldnt be longer than ten minutes.As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person.Make sure that as you

45、 go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers.If everyone is giving you the same answer, you wont be able to use it.A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten._5.F_ If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air

46、, dont leave work without them.ALimit your time.BAs you approach people, be polite.CIf you dont own a camera, you can buy one.DFor new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.ETo get good and useful results, ask them the same question.FThat number of interviews should give you all the answe

47、rs you need.GWith a question like this, you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。街头采访对于新手记者来说可能是一大挑战，但只要按照作者在文章中提到的几个技巧来做，你也可以完美地完成任务。1解析：解本题可用句意判断法。由空格后的but以及can be easy可以反推，该空讲的应该是街头采访并非易事，选项D“对于新手记者，这可能像是一项有挑战性的任务”符合语境。本设空类型为过渡句类。2解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。本段说去采访前要列出大约十个与采访话题相关的问题，并在空前给出例子“

48、Why do you think.？”选项G中With a question like this中的question指的就是这个问句。本设空类型为细节理解类。3解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。空格后的excuse me以及I was wondering if you could.都体现了采访者的礼貌。这与选项B“当你接近人们时，要有礼貌”前后照应。本设空类型为过渡句类。4解析：解本题可用设题位置法。显然，该空要填本段的段落小标题。根据空格后的“你在街上的每次采访都不应超过十分钟”可知进行街头采访时要控制好时间。选项A正合语境。本设空类型为段落主题句类。5解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。选项F“这一数量的采访应该能给你你所需要的全部答案”中的that number of interviews与空格前的a safe number of interviews to conduct(采访的保险数量)前后照应。本设空类型为段落总结类。G(2017年11月浙江)How to Remember Wh