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1、中考英语 第二轮 语法专题聚焦 专题八 动词和动词短语课件1动词动词是表示动作或状态的词。动词分为四类：实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。考点一实义动词实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其是否跟宾语分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)；按是否具有延续性分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。1及物动词及物动词就是后面接宾语意义才完整的动词。如love，need，want，ask，have，help，teach，make等。如：We love our great motherland very much.我们非常爱我们伟大的祖国。My grandfather bought me a nice to

2、y.我的祖父给我买了一个漂亮的玩具。I will return the story book to him.我准备把故事书还给他。【注意】带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的常考动词有：make，let，have，see，watch，notice，hear等。带双宾语的常考动词有：give，bring，buy，get，leave，lend，make，offer，pass，teach，tell，reach，return等。2不及物动词不及物动词本身意义完整，其后不必跟宾语。如come，go，run，travel，listen，swim，work等。如果需要带宾语，则不及物动词需要跟适当的介词连用

3、。如：He study hard.他学习很努力。People often swim in the river.人们经常在这条河里游泳。I lived in Shanghai last year.去年我住在上海。The baby is looking at us.小孩正看着我们。He is listening to the teacher.他正在听老师讲课。1What language can you _，English or Chinese?Both of them.Aspeak Btell Ctalk2Mom，the noodles _ good.I cant wait to eat the

4、m.Wait a minute.They are too hot.Asound Bsmell Cfeel3Who was the first to _ school yesterday?Tom was.Areach Bget Carrive4Look，the set of keys _ on the teachers desk.Aare Bwere Cis5Its cold outside，please _ your coat when you go out.Aput on Bdress CwearABACA6How much is your coat?Oh，it _ me 100 yuan.

5、Acost Bspent Ctook7Hou Yi Shoots Sun _ one of the most traditional stories in China.Awas Bis Care8Coffee is ready.How nice it _！Asmells Bsounds Cfeels9(导学号：36422247)Excuse me，can I _ your pen?Sorry，I have it to Bob.Aborrow；lent Bborrow；borrowed Clend；borrowed 10May I have a look at your plan for the

6、 robot competition，Mr.Smith?Sorry，Mrs.Brown.Ive _it at home.Amissed Bforgotten Cleft ABAAC考点三助动词助动词本身没有意义或意义不完全，不能单独用作谓语。助动词在句中与实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态、语态、人称和数。此外，还可以用来构成否定、疑问或强调的句型。具体用法见下表：助动词作用bebe现在分词进行时be过去分词被动语态do形式有do，does，did，用于构成疑问句和否定句，或用在动词前加强语气。havehave/has过去分词现在完成时had过去分词过去完成时havebeen现在分词现在

7、完成进行时will/shallwill/shall动词原形一般将来时would/should动词原形过去将来时考点四情态动词1常见情态动词的用法情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，后面必须接动词原形。常见的情态动词有：may，must，need，ought to等，具体用法见下表：must表示主观看法，意为“必须”You must finish your homework first.你首先必须完成你的家庭作业。表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句，表示“一定”The coat mustnt be Marys，because her name was on the coat

8、.这件大衣肯定不是玛丽的，因为她的大衣上面有她的名字。should意为“应该”，表示要求和命令，也可以表示劝告和建议We should protect the air fresh.我们应该保持空气清新。ought toYou ought to teach them carefully.你应该细心地教导他们。may表示请求、许可，意为“可以”You may sit here if you want.如果你想的话，你可以坐在这儿。表示推测，常用于肯定句中，意为“可能，也许”She may come back tomorrow，but I am not sure.她可能明天来，但是我不确定。migh

9、tmay的过去式He asked if he might go home.他问他是否可以回家了。表示请求、许可，语气比may更委婉Might I smoke here？我可以在这里吸烟吗？表示推测，常用于肯定句，意为“可能、也许”(可能性比may小)It might rain tomorrow.明天可能有雨。need表示需要，主要用于否定句和疑问句中You neednt say sorry to him.你没必要对他说对不起。have to表示客观需要，意为“不得不；必须”，有人称、时态和数的变化，后跟动词原形。must与have to的区别：must表示说话人的主观看法，have to表示客

10、观原因。He had to stay at home because of the heavy rain.因为下大雨他不得不待在家里。had better意为“最好”，没有人称和数的变化，后接不带to的不定式，即动词原形。Youd better go there by bus.你最好乘公共汽车去那儿。【注意】由need引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答常用must或have to；否定回答常用neednt。如：Need I answer the question？我需要回答这个问题吗？Yes，you must/have to./No，you neednt.是的，你必须回答。/不，你不需要。need作为

11、实义动词有人称和数的变化，后面可接名词、代词、动名词及带to的动词不定式；可用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句中。如：She doesnt need to see the doctor.She just needs a rest.她不需要去看医生，她只需要休息一下就好了。My bike needs repairing because it broke down on my way to school.我的自行车需要修理，因为在上学的路上它坏了。2常见情态动词的否定形式的用法情态动词否定形式用法例句cant表示推测，意为“不可能”(语气强烈)Lily cant be at home because I

12、saw her go out just now.莉莉不可能在家，因为我刚才看到她出去了。mustnt意为“一定不要，不允许”You mustnt play football on the road.禁止在马路上踢足球。shouldnt意为“不应该”We shouldnt waste water.我们不应该浪费水资源。neednt意为“不需要”Must I finish my homework now？No，you neednt.我必须现在完成我的家庭作业吗？不，你不需要。had better not意为“最好不要”You had better not smoke，its bad for you

13、r health.你最好不要吸烟了，它对你的身体不好。1(导学号：36422248)A computer B think for itself.Its always told to do things.Amustnt Bcant Cshouldnt2Do houses have legs？Tujia and Miao peoples houses A ！Ado Bare Chave3Could you please tell me how to improve my spoken English?Certainly.I A Acan Bcould Cmust4(导学号：36422249)You

14、 can hardly imagine the pleasure of talking on the WeChat(微信)Really？But it _ cause you much trouble if somebody gets your personal information.Amay Bneed Chas to5Someone will come to our music club tomorrow.I guess its Mary.It _ be Mary.She left for England yesterday and will stay there for a week.A

15、mustnt Bneednt CcantAC6Can I finish my homework tomorrow?_You must finish it today.AYes，you can BNo，you needntCNo，you cant7(导学号：36422250)Whose dictionary is this?It _ not be Alices.Her dictionary is here.Acan Bmay Cmust8Whos singing in the garden?It _ be Mr.Brown.He always practices singing at this

16、time.Amust Bcant CneedCAA9Must I be in hospital for a week，doctor?No，you _ You can go back home tomorrow.Aneednt Bmustnt Ccant10Jim is reading a book under that tree.It _ be Jim.He has gone to Hainan.Amay Bmustnt Ccant AC动词短语动语短语分类1动词副词add up加起来；break out爆发；carry on坚持下去，继续下去；clean up清除，收拾干净；clear up

17、收拾，(天气)放晴；come back回来，想起来；come down落下来；cut down砍倒；cut off切断；cut up切碎；eat up吃光，吃完；fall behind落在后面，输给别人；find out发现，查明；get along取得进展；get together聚会，联欢；get up起床；give away分发，赠送；give back归还，送回；give out分发，用完，耗尽；give up放弃；go away走开，离去；grow up长大成人，成长；hand out分发；hold on坚持，(打电话)别挂断；keep on继续(进行)；let in让进来，放进；l

18、ook ahead向前看；look up查找；pay back偿还(借款等)；pick up捡起，开车接，(偶然)学会；point out指出，标明；put off推迟；put on穿，戴上，上演；put up举起，张贴；start off出发；stay up熬夜；take off脱下，(飞机)起飞；turn down声音调小；turn off关闭；wake up唤醒，醒来；watch out当心；work out算出2动词介词agree with赞同，同意(某人的看法)；arrive at/in到达；ask for请求，询问；base on以为依据；belong to属于；break int

19、o破门而入；call for需要，呼吁；care for在乎，关心；come from来自；deal with处理，对付；depend on/upon依靠，相信，依赖；get over克服；get to到达；go by走过，经过；go over仔细检查，复习；knock at敲；laugh at嘲笑；learn from向学习；look after照顾；look at看，观看；look for寻找；look like看起来像；pass by经过；point to指向；quarrel with(和某人)争吵；stand for代表(某事物)，支持；stick to坚持；talk about谈论，

20、议论；think about考虑；think of想起，想出，认为；wait for等待3动词副词介词add up to加起来，总计；catch up with赶上；come up with想出；get along with相处；go on with继续进行；keep away from远离；keep up with跟上；和保持联系；look down on/upon看不起；look forward to盼望；look out of朝外看；make up of由组成，构成；run out of耗尽【注意】对于“动词副词”类的短语，如果是名词作宾语，那么这个名词既可以放在短语之间也可以放在短语的

21、后面，但是如果是代词作宾语，则代词一定要放在短语之间。如：He turned off all the lights when he left.当他离开时，他关上了所有的灯。He picked it up and gave it to me.他捡起它，然后交给了我。1Please _ the radio，the baby is sleeping.Sorry.Ill do it right away.Aturn on Bturn down Cturn up2Tom _ in the high jump at the school sports meet last week.What a shame

22、!Ado badly Bdid badly Cdid well3Youd better hurry.Well be late for the plane.Dont worry.The plane will _ in two hours.Atake out Btake away Ctake off4When Bob is sad，he likes wearing orange to _Awake himself up Bpick himself up Ccheer himself upBBCC5What is Amy doing?Shes _ her English book.Alooking

23、at Blooking for Clooking out6Our school is planning to _a band to give the students a chance to show their musical talent.Atake up Bset up Cpick up7If you want to take care of your health，you should _ junk food.Astay away from Blook forward toCget along with8The book of poems written by Indian poet，Tiger，is so amazing that I cant _Aput it down Bput it off Cput it outBBAA