实用英语写作1.ppt

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1、实用英语写作1 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望outputofinformationexpressionofviews&thoughtsapplicationoflanguage1.Whatiswriting?communicationI.Introduction2.Theaimofthecoursewriting?DictionSentenceParagraphCompositionManuscriptwritingskillsthinkinga

2、bility3.Qualities&strategies?practicingcorrectingrewritingobservingthinkingqualitiesdiligencepersistencereadingstrategiesII.ManuscriptformTitleCapitalizationMarginsIndentingPunctuationWord-divisionhandwriting1.Thetitle1)Identifythefollowingtitlesandcorrectthemistakes.Foodsafetybecomesnationalpriorit

3、yParksPromotionInPoorTasteCriticismontheEndingofMarkTwainsAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnReflectionsOnTheArticleMyHometownLeiFengSpiritToInspireNewGeneration.ShouldChinesePeopleRetireLater2)Summary:principlesfortitles(1)Capitalization:allwordsinthetitleexceptarticles,coordinatingconjunctions,preposition

4、s,theto ininfinitives(2)Italicizingunderliningthenameofabook(3)Usingquotationmarkswithquotesortitlesofarticles(4)Usingaquestionmarkifthetitleisadirectquestion(5)Noperiodisusedattheendofatitle(6)Writethetitleinthemiddleofthefirstline1)Punctuatethefollowingandcapitalizetheletterswherenecessary.(1)hesa

5、idmytriptomounttaiwastiringbutinterestingHesaid,“MytriptoMountTaiwastiringbutinteresting.”(2)mytriptomounttaihesaidwastiringbutinteresting“MytriptoMountTai,”hesaid,“wastiringbutinteresting.”summary:placesforcapitalizationkeywordsintitlesthefirstwordofasentenceofquotedspeechpropernames2.Capitalizatio

6、n1)Readthefollowingparagraphandindentitproperly.HeBing,deputydeanofthelawschoolofChinaUniversityofPoliticalScienceandLaw,drovetothecampusoftheCommunicationUniversityofChinatogivealecturetoitsPhDstudents.Hewasstoppedatthesouthgate.Becausethestudentwhomethimatthegatedidnotobtainthepermitinadvance,hewa

7、snotallowedtodriveontothecampus.Hetriedtoexplainthesituationtothesecurityguardandshowedhisbusinesscard.Buttheguarddidnotbudge.Intheend,hehadtouseasideentrance.2)Summary(1)Indentthefirstlineofaparagraph(spaceof4or5letters)(2)writeoneveryotherline(3)leavingamarginoneachsideofthepaper(leftandrightside)

8、3.Margins&Indenting,;.?!:“”()_4.Punctuationsemicoloncommaperiodexclamationmarkcolonquotationmarkbracketsdash1)RefreshSsknowledgeonpunctuation2)Punctuatethefollowing（1）SamYoucanneverimaginehowhappyIwaswhenIopenedthegiftAnMP5playerofthelatestmodelthatsreallyamazingYoudoknowmeThanksamilliontimesfortheg

9、iftWishyouafairjourneyKelly,.!.!.（2）Theaccountantcheckedthefiguresagainasaresultthemistakewasdiscovered（3）Whatwewantaretheprimarycolorsredblueandyellow（4）Thedailynewspapercontains:news,sports,entertainment,andclassifiedads.（5）ThePresidentbeganwithanannouncementLadiesandgentlemenwefeelhonoredtohaveMr

10、.KofiAnnanwithus（6）Eachoftheflatstherearetwobedroomsineachhousessometenstudents（7）Bythetimethespeechwasoveritlasted3hoursIwasdozinginmychair;“,.：，.，.”）._.(Attention:(1)Identifythedifferencebetween,.。overusingofexclamationmarkbeginningalinewithapunctuation(2)Avoidendingalinewiththefirsthalfofapairofb

11、rackets,parentheses,orquotationmarks.Summary:punctuations,joinsshort&closelyrelatedparallelsentences,sentenceswithacoordinator;addsaforcefulconnectionbetweensentences:toformallyintroducealist,alongquotation,oranexplanatorystatement(itisusedafteracompletestatement)()toaddinessentialinformation(nottoc

12、rossaword)toemphasizetheinsertion,tosetoffaseriesusedasanappositiveExamples&principlesDivideawordaccordingtoitssyllables,andneverputthehyphen()atthebeginningofaline.through,march(one-syllablewordcannotbedivided)alone,tricky(avoidwritingonelettersyllableattheendorbeginningofaline)China,Jane(propernam

13、escannotbeseparated)sister-in-law,kind-hearted(separateatthehyphen)re-write,arrange-ment(separatebetweenthebasepartandthesuffixorprefix)Donotdividethelastwordofapage;writethewholewordonthenextpage.5.Word-divisionGeneralrule:neatly&clearlyattention:Whencrossingaword,notuse()toencloseit,butdrawathickl

14、ineacrossit.Whenaddingaword,writeitabovetheline,withaclearsignshowingwhereitistobeinserted.6.HandwritingUnitsummaryIntroductionofthecoursewritingManuscriptform(ppt6)1.Themeaningofawordandcorrectchoiceinwriting2.WaystoavoidsomepitfallsofChinglishPartTwoDictionI.TheMeaningofWords1.Themeaningofawordand

15、correctchoiceinwritingConnotationDenotationCollocationAttitude1)aspectsofthemeaningofawordA.Denotation&connotatione.g.mother,icemotherawomanwhoisaparentdenotationconnotationprotectiveness,unselfishness,affectionliteralandprimarymeaningofawordthesuggestedmeaningofaworde.g.country,nation,state,and lan

16、dExplain the meaning,looking closely at the denotative and connotative meanings of the italicized words.a.IntheWest,everyman wasaman.b.Anyway,sheisawoman.Suggestion:Properchoiceofwordsaccordingtotheirdenotationsandconnotations.Identifytheconnotationsofthethreesynonyms:portly,plump,andfata.Sheisplump

17、.b.Sheisportly.c.Sheisfat.2)Attitudec.Thegirlissoskinny.ThefeelingofthewritertothesubjectTask2.Recognizehowthewritersattitudechangesfromsentencetosentencea.Whataslimgirlsheis!b.Howthinthegirlis!a.Theylivedinasmalltown.b.IcanneverforgetthelittletownwhereIspentmyhappychildhood.Modest&humbleTask3.Compl

18、etethetablewithsynonyms,payingattentiontotheiraffectivemeaningsFavorableComplimentNeutralUnfavorablestrangeUnique,quaintbizarre,abnormalResolute,steadfaststubborn,doggedpigheadedpraise,flatterlick ones bootsSenior citizenoldpersonfossilBachelorgirlsingle womanspinster1)Hehasthemost_distinctionofhavi

19、ngwrittenspeecheswhichwereeffectivewhendelivered.unique2)Manyofthemanagingpostsfilledupby_peopleonlybecausetheyhappentohavethehabitoforderingpoorpeopleabout.pigheaded3)Iwas_byyourinvitationtocometothisparty.flattered4)Hethoughthislandladywasamean_.fossil5)Hurry!Endofmysinglelife!Notanoldandbad-tempe

20、red_anymore!spinster3.CollocativemeaningStrongweakcoffeethickthinsoupdosb.afavormakeaneffort,followthefashionLarge(notbig)amountnumberandquantitygreatcourage,confidenceabilitywisdommeaningthatishabituallyusedwithcertainwordsAvoidsomepitfallsonChinglish(UnidiomaticuseofEnglishbyChinesespeakers)Hecame

21、tosendmealetter.Iwenttothestationtosendmyfriendoff.Hisbodyishealthy.Histwoeyesareblind.Task5.a.请帮我们宣传一下这个新产品。b.他遇事总是先想着自己，真是太个人主义了。Pleasehelpuspropagatethisnewproduct.Heisself-concernedandindividualistic.Pleasehelpustoadvertisethisnewproduct.Heisself-concernedandselfish.Task6a.大家一致感到那听起来不像是真的。大家一致感到

22、那听起来不像是真的。b.那个主意听起来很有趣，而且两个主意巧合为一体。那个主意听起来很有趣，而且两个主意巧合为一体。c.这位跳高选手创造了新的世界纪录。这位跳高选手创造了新的世界纪录。a.Everyonefeels(withoutunanimously)thatdoesntseemtobetrue.b.thatideasoundedveryinteresting,andthetwoideashappenedtomerge(withouttogether).c.Thehigh-jumperhasseta(withoutnew)worldrecord.Attention:avoidrepetiti

23、onofmeaningExercises1.Translationa.你吃了吗？b.请多提宝贵意见。c.辛苦了！2.Correction&translationa.Hewastorturedmercilesslybytheenemy.b.Thatsanimpracticalillusion.c.Wehaveeliminatedtheenemyforceentirely.d.Howcanyoubelievethosegroundlesslies?3.Summary1.Thefouraspectsofthemeaningofwords2.WaystoavoidChinglishDenotative

24、meaningconnotativemeaningaffectivemeaningcollocativemeaningavoidliteraltranslationavoidrepetitionofmeaninginEnglishwayofthinkingReviewingexerciseCorrectingthemisusedwordsinthefollowingsentences1.Wesatdownbytheoaktree,enjoyingthewindcomingfromthelake.(breeze)2.Thatpoliticianisarespectablefigureinthep

25、oliticalarena.(statesman)3.MyfatheropenedthecurtainalittlelestIseehim.(drawback)4.Ouruniversitycancontain20,000students.(accommodate)6.Itisessentialtocontrolenvironmentalpollutionsoastoprotecttheenvironment.5.Wemustpracticeeconomyandreduceunnecessaryexpenditure.PartTwoDictionII.LevelsofWords1.Differ

26、entiatevariousstylesinEnglish2.Identifytypicalfeaturesofdifferentlevelsofwords3.Recognizetheoccasionstousetheappropriatelevelsofwords4.Practicalwriting:NoticesI.ThreemainlevelsofwordsintermsofstyleThreemainlevelsofwordsformalGeneralcommoninformalII.Featuresofformal&generalwordscolloquialslange.g.for

27、mal&generalwordsGeneral:clear,end,agree,prove,stopFormal:lucid,terminate,concur,verify,adjournRevisethefollowingtoanaturalstyle1.Weneedtoutilizethemilkbeforeitsours.2.Thechildhaddifficultyascertaininghiswaytoschool.3.Theyoungwomanwasbombardedwithflowersandgifts.4.Themeetingadjournedat5p.m.withoutany

28、consensusbeingreached.Thebestpolicyistousegeneralwordsinmostcasesandformalwordsinspecific,formalcontext.colloquial&slangExcerpt1Thiswasgreat!Thankyouverymuch!IwantmyowncopyofthealbumnexttimewegotoBorders.P.S.IlookforwardtoSat._Seeyousoon.Excerpt2Thankyouverymuchforyourinformation.Iwonderifitispossib

29、leforustomeetsometimenextweektohaveadiscussionaboutit.Ilookforwardtohearingfromyou.Thankyouagain.Questions:1.Whatisthelanguagefeatureofeachstyle?2.Whomightbetheexpectedreaderofthenote?featuresoccasionstouseII.Usetheappropriatewordsaccordingtothecontextandaudience2.Changetheinappropriatestyleofthefol

30、lowing:1)Thegeneralmanageraskedyoutohangonforasecond.2)Iaskedhimtocutouthismisconduct.3)aninsurancepolicyofoldstyle:UponthehappeningofanoccurrencereasonablylikelytoinvolvetheCompanyhereunder,writtennoticeshallbegivenassoonaspracticabletotheCompanyoranyofitsauthorizedagents.waitforstopRevisedversionI

31、fthereisanaccidentorincidentthatmaybecoveredbythispolicy,notifyusinwritingassoonaspossible.Youcangivethisnoticetoanyofourauthorizedagents.Theoccasionstouseappropriatelevelsofwords?SummaryThreemainlevelsofwords;Featuresofeachlevelofwords;GeneralrulesinchoosingthelevelsofwordsIII.Practicalwriting:Noti

32、cesThreemainpartsofanoticeactivitytimeplaceDayoftheweekdatetimethesign#isputbeforeanumber,notafteritIV.Assignment1.Writeouttheabbreviatedformsforthedaysoftheweekandthemonthsoftheyear2.Noticewriting:onp287,1&2.PartIII.TheSentenceI.CompleteSentenceandSentenceFragmentsI.ReviewingII.CompleteSentenceBasi

33、cstructureofasentenceSubjectPredicateIII.SentenceFragmentsIV.SummaryII.CompleteSentence1.BasicstructureofasentenceHecame.(subject+predicate)Shewrotealetter.(subject+predicate+object)Heisfine.Heisafamousprofessor.(Subject+link-verb+predicativecomplement)1)Thechoiceofasubject2.Subject2)Positionofasubj

34、ectwhichisbetter?Thecatchingoffishprovidesenjoymentforpolarbears.Polarbearsliketocatchfish.Hisappearanceindicatedtiredness.Helookedtired.Buyingthewinewashisresponsibility.Hehadtobuythewine.Whenyouwrite,focusonhuman,animateandconcretenounorpronounassubjectsandwatchoutfornominalizationtoavoidwritingin

35、flatedandaffectedsentences.Workinpairstoidentifythesubjectineachandrevisethosewhosemeaningisunclear.1)AreluctancetoworksteadilycausedhertobeunpreparedforthepresentationonMonday.2)Thehorrorofthefilmmademeunabletosleepforthreenights.3)Agreatdealoflearningtookplaceinmychemistryclass.4)Theembarrassmentl

36、eftmewordless.Rodmissedthefunofcollegebymakingchemistryhissoleactivityandparticipatinginnoextracurricularactivities.Whichiseasiertounderstand?Why?2)PositionofasubjectMakingchemistryhissoleactivityandparticipatinginnoextracurricularactivities,Rodmissedthefunofcollege.Exception:inversionInthecenteroft

37、hepaintingstandsaladyinwhite.DowninagreenandshadybedAmodestvioletgrew;Itsstalkwasbent,ithungitshead,Asiftohidefromview._JamesTaylor,“TheViolet”AtreacherousfellowistheSharkHenevermakestheleastremark._AlfredDouglas,“TheShark”(Toemphasize“downinagreenandshadybed”,“atreacherousfellow”,andtoachievetherhy

38、me.)Summaryfor“subject”Choosehuman,animateorconcretenounpronoun,watchoutforabstractonesornominalizationsasasubject.(clear,concise,easytofollow)Putasubjectatthebeginningofasentence.Exception:inversionforspecificeffectactivevoice3.PredicatepassivevoiceThroughherstudiesofchildrearing,personality,andcul

39、ture,worldfamewasachievedbyMagaretMead.Throughherstudiesofchildrearing,personality,MagaretMeadachievedworldfame.1)ChoosingtheactivevoiceTheactivevoicestressestheactivityofthesubjectandhelpstomakeasentencedirect,concise,andvigorous.Changethevoiceoftheverbsinthefollowingsentenceandtrytocomparetheeffec

40、ts.1)Thehugeicebergwasrammedintobytheluxuryliner.2)AgoodracewasrunbytheFerrari.3)Someobjectsofartwerediscoveredbytheamateurarchaeologist.4)Beforemyworldrecordwasset,IwasagreatfanofThe Guinness Book of World Records andreadeachneweditionfromcovertocover.WhentheagentiseitherunknownorunimportantWhenthe

41、agentisfollowedbyalongmodifierThebookaboutmotorcycleswasmisplacedamongbooksaboutcosmetics.In1850,notraceoftheglacierwasfound.2)ChoosingthepassivevoiceWorkinpairsandchangethevoiceoftheverbifitisineffective.Rewritethesentencesifnecessary.Theroadhadbeentraveledmanytimesbythesalesman,buttheoldhousehadne

42、verbeforebeennoticedbyhim.Asafetripwashadbythetouristsbecauseallthedangerswerecarefullyexplainedbytheguide.Ifyoucanlearnhowtouseathesaurus,itwillbefoundquiteuseful.EncouragestudentstousetheactivevoicemoreoftenIII.SentenceFragmentsAnincompletesentence,(asentencewithsomepartpartsmissing),isalsocalleds

43、entencefragment.Illmeetyouinthelibrary.At four in the afternoon.Shestoodbythewindow.And looked at street below.We preparing for the coming exam.Ihatewriting.Because I never got my teachers praise.Correctanyincompletesentenceyoucanfindinthefollowing:Wealsosinginganddancingatnight.Lyingonthegrassfeell

44、ikeforgettingeverythingandonlyconcentratedontheskyandcloudissuchacomfortableenjoyment.Heisanoutstandingathleteandexcellentcoach,healwayswell-practicedandprepared,thentrieshisbesttoteachus.Anywayhejustlikeabigbrotherandwillingtotakecareofusandhelpus.Theauthorlearnedmanythings.Duringhiscollegeyears.He

45、learnedtoreadandwritewell.Healsolearnedtobeindependent.Andtorelyuponhisownjudgment.Heisagoodmodelforhighschoolstudents.Especiallystudentswithlittlemoneybutlotsofambition.Successincollegetakesagreatdealofhardwork.Butcanbeachievedbymanypeople.IV.Summary1.Usecompletesentences2.Acompletesentenceconsists

46、ofatleastasubjectandapredicate.3.Startasentencewithasubject;usehuman,animateandconcretenounsassubjects,avoidingnominalization.4.Fourtypesofincompletesentencessentencefragments.5.Ssentencefragmentsshouldbeavoided.V.Exercises1.Identifytheproblemandrevisethesentence.1)Theviewfrommywindowenablesmetoseet

47、hePark.2)Hisinsistenceonseeingthemanageronlycausedthesaleswomantofinallybecomeangry.3)Myurgetolaughathispredicamenthadtobecontrolled.4)Themeasurementandassessmentofchildrensperformancewillhavetobemaintained.2.Correctthemistakesinthefollowing1)Behindthehouse.Therelivesabigbadwolf.2)Ihavetofinishthisp

48、aperthisweek.Andprepareforthetestaswell.3)MyparentsalwaysafraidthatImaygetlost.4)Iwillcallyoutonight.IfIcanfinishmyworkintime.PartThreeTheSentenceII.TypesofSentencesIII.EffectiveSentencesI.typesofsentencesfunctionstructurerhetoriclengthII.Effectivesentence:unityDifferentsentencetypesbydifferentcrite

49、ria.1)Iattendedameetinglastweek.2)HaveyoueverbeentoCanada?3)Handinyourhomeworkafterclass,please.4)Whatalovelydayitis!I.TypesofSentencesIntermsoffunctiondeclarativeinterrogativeimperativeexclamatory1)Lastnightwasawildnight,withthethunderroaring,thewindblowingagaleandtherainfallingintorrents.2)Theskyw

50、ascloudlessandthesunwasshinningbrightly.3)Thegirl,whosemotherwasafamouspianist,begantolearntoplaythepianowhenshewasachild.4)Actually,notallAmericansholdallthesevalues,andthosewhodomayholdother,andattimescontradictory,valuesthataffecttheirwaysofbehaving.Intermsofstructuresimplesentencecompoundsentenc