内科-神经内科-癫痫治疗指南新看点.ppt
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1、内科-神经内科-癫痫治疗指南新看点 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望制订临床指南的目的制订临床指南的目的 应用指南是一种系统性阐述,应用指南是一种系统性阐述,用以帮助职业医师以及患者用以帮助职业医师以及患者对于特定临床情况作出适当对于特定临床情况作出适当的医疗决定的医疗决定临床指南的存在问题临床指南的存在问题1.评估标准不统一评估标准不统一2.缺乏证据缺乏证据不存在的证据不存在的证据3.时间局限性时间局限性过时、更新过时、更新4.受到药厂的影响,有一
2、定的利益因素受到药厂的影响,有一定的利益因素5.由少部分专家制定由少部分专家制定6.个体差异个体差异7.临床医生执行时困难临床医生执行时困难Shorvon S.Epilepsia 2006,4).10913 制订指南原则制订指南原则透明:无利益驱动透明:无利益驱动公平:所有数据采用同样的评估标准公平:所有数据采用同样的评估标准严格:评价方法严格可行严格:评价方法严格可行动态:不断更新动态:不断更新抗癫痫治疗指南大事记抗癫痫治疗指南大事记发布机构发布机构 发布年限发布年限苏格兰临床指导协作组苏格兰临床指导协作组(SIGN)2003英国临床优化研究所英国临床优化研究所(NICE)2004 美国神经
3、学会(美国神经学会(AAN)美国癫痫学会(美国癫痫学会(AES)2004ILAE2006Payakachat et al.J Manag Care Pharma 2006WelcometotheNationalInstituteforHealthandClinicalExcellencewebsiteNICEistheindependentorganizationresponsibleforprovidingnationalguidanceonthepromotionofgoodhealthandthepreventionandtreatmentofillhealth.On1April2005
4、NICEjoinedwiththeHealthDevelopmentAgencytobecomethenewNationalInstituteforHealthandClinicalExcellence(alsotobeknownasNICE).ClinicalExcellencePublicHealthExcellenceNICE NICE was was set set up up as as a a Special Special Health Health Authority Authority for for England England and and Wales Wales o
5、n on 1 1 April April 1999.1999.Its Its role role is is to to provide provide patients,patients,health health professionals professionals and and the the public public with with authoritative,authoritative,robust robust and and reliable reliable guidance guidance on on current current best best pract
6、ice.practice.(http:/www.nice.org.uk/)(http:/www.nice.org.uk/)NICE指南指南对于抗癫痫药物使用的指证,药物选择,换对于抗癫痫药物使用的指证,药物选择,换药,停药等原则性问题均作出了相应推荐药,停药等原则性问题均作出了相应推荐Ref:NationalInstituteforHealthandClinicalExcellence.Technologyappraisalguidance76:newerdrugsforepilepsyinadults.Availableat:http:/www.nice.org.uk/TA076guidan
7、ce.AccessedJuly5,2005.NICE在治疗中在治疗中尽可能选择单药治疗尽可能选择单药治疗不推荐常规监测看癫痫药物的血药浓度不推荐常规监测看癫痫药物的血药浓度停药原则停药原则NICE指南指南Ref:NationalInstituteforHealthandClinicalExcellence.Technologyappraisalguidance76:newerdrugsforepilepsyinadults.Availableat:http:/www.nice.org.uk/TA076guidance.AccessedJuly5,2005.NICE指南指南目前仍缺乏高质量的临床
8、试验支持新药单药治疗比传统药物更有效研究中的药物副作用和耐受性并未提供足够多且一致的结果支持新药优于传统药物仅9项比较新药和老药单药治疗新诊断癫痫患者生活质量的研究,未提供强有力的证据支持新药提高患者生活质量传统抗癫痫药物单药治疗费用更便宜Ref:NationalInstituteforHealthandClinicalExcellence.Technologyappraisalguidance76:newerdrugsforepilepsyinadults.Availableat:http:/www.nice.org.uk/TA076guidance.AccessedJuly5,2005.首
9、选单药治疗药物应为传统抗癫痫药物如丙戊酸钠或卡马西平,除如下原因:禁忌症与患者目前服用的药物有潜在的相互作用患者在既往治疗中对该药耐受性差患者处于准备生育期新型抗癫痫药物作为初始治疗的二线选择Ref:NationalInstituteforHealthandClinicalExcellence.Technologyappraisalguidance76:newerdrugsforepilepsyinadults.Availableat:http:/www.nice.org.uk/TA076guidance.AccessedJuly5,2005.NICE指南指南NICE缺点缺点1.评定的证据标准
10、和证据分类没有明确的描述评定的证据标准和证据分类没有明确的描述2.传统抗癫痫药没有进行同样的评估传统抗癫痫药没有进行同样的评估NICE指南指南Neurology.2004,62(8):1252-1260Neurology.2004,62(8):1252-1260Neurology.2004,62(8):1261-1273Neurology.2004,62(8):1261-1273AAN指南指南1.AAN指南有明确证据分类和证据评级指南有明确证据分类和证据评级2.以有效性作为主要评估指标以有效性作为主要评估指标3.缺点:缺点:未评估传统药物未评估传统药物 生活质量和成本效益未作为参考指标生活质量
11、和成本效益未作为参考指标抗癫痫临床治疗指南比较总结评价指标评价指标NICE指南指南AAN指南指南有效性有效性 安全性安全性 生活质量生活质量 成本效益成本效益 Payakachat et al.J Manag Care Pharma 2006Payakachat et al.J Manag Care Pharma 2006AEDsasMonotherapyofPartial/MixGeneralizedTonic-ClonicSeizureANN*NICESIGNPhenobarital1st-Carbamazepine(genericTegretol)TegretolXR1st1st1stP
12、henytoin(genericDilantin)1st1st-Valproicacid(genericDepakene)Divalproex(Depakote)Divalproex(DepakoteER)1st1st1stPrimidone(genericMysoline)-Gabapentin(genericNeurontin)1st-Zonisamide)Zonegran)-Tiagabine(Gabitril)-Oxcarbazepine(Trileptal)1st2nd1stTopiramate(Topamax)1st2nd-Levetiracetam(Keppra)-Lamotri
13、gine(Lamictal)1st2nd1stNICE指南和AAN指南对于新药的使用推荐Lancet Neurol 2004;3:61821DrugDrugNewlydiagnosedepilepsyNewlydiagnosedepilepsyRefractoryepilepsyRefractoryepilepsyPartialPartialAbsenceAbsencePartialPartialPartialPartialIdiopathicIdiopathicSymptomatieSymptomatiemixedmixedmonotherapymonotherapygeneralisedg
14、eneralisedgeneralisedgeneralisedUSUSUKUKUSUSUKUKUSUSUKUKUSUSUKUKUSUSUKUKUSUSUKUKFelbamate*Felbamate*NoNoNANANoNoNANAYesYesNANAYesYesNANANoNoNANAYesYesNANAGabapentinGabapentinYesYes NoNoNoNoNoNoYesYesYesYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoLamotrigineLamotrigineYesYesYes|Yes|YesYesYes|Yes|YesYesYes*Yes*YesYesY
15、esYesNoNoYes*Yes*YesYesYes*Yes*LevetiracetamLevetiracetamNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoYesYesYesYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoOxcarbazepineOxcarbazepineYesYesYesYesNoNoNoNoYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoTiagabineTiagabineNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoYesYesYes|Yes|NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoTopiramateTopiramateYesYes YesYes
16、NoNoNoNoYesYesYes*Yes*YesYes YesYesYesYesYes*Yes*YesYesYes*Yes*VigabatrinVigabatrinNANANoNoNANANoNoNANAYesYesNANANoNoNANANoNoNANAYesYesZonisamideZonisamideNoNoNANANoNoNANAYes|Yes|NANANoNoNANANoNoNANANoNoNANANoneofthedrugsisrecommendedasfirstchoiceinnewlydiagnosedepilepsybytheUKguidelines(seetext).NA
17、=notavailable.*PatientsUnresponsivetostandarddrugsinWhomtherisk/benefitratiosupportsuse;onlypatients18years;onlypatients4yearswithLennox-Gastautayndrome;indicationnotapprovedFDA;onlypatients6years;|onlypatients12years;*onlypatients2years;onlypatients16years;onlygeneralizedtonic-clonicseizures;intheU
18、Ktheindicationsarelimitedtoadjunctiveuseafterfailureofallotherappropriatedrugcombinations;onlyWestayndrome;|onlyadulte.新药的严重新药的严重/非严重不良事件非严重不良事件LancetNeurol2004;3:61821AEDAEDSeriousadversevevntsSeriousadversevevntsNonseriousadverseNonseriousadverseFelbamateFelbamateAplasticanaemia,hepatotoxicityApla
19、sticanaemia,hepatotoxicityGastrointestinaldisturbancse,anorexia,insomniaGastrointestinaldisturbancse,anorexia,insomniaGabapentinGabapentinAggresion*Aggresion*Weightgain,peripheralcedema,behaviouralchangesWeightgain,peripheralcedema,behaviouralchangesLamotrigineLamotrigineRash,includingStevensJohnson
20、andtoxicepidermalnecrolysisRash,includingStevensJohnsonandtoxicepidermalnecrolysisTicsandinsomniaTicsandinsomnia(highriskforchildren,alsomorecommonwithconcomitant(highriskforchildren,alsomorecommonwithconcomitantvaiproic-aciduseandlowwithslowtitration);hypereensitivityvaiproic-aciduseandlowwithslowt
21、itration);hypereensitivityreactions,includinghepaticandrenalfailure,DIC,andarthritisreactions,includinghepaticandrenalfailure,DIC,andarthritisLevetiracetamLevetiracetamNoneNoneIrritability/behaviourchangeIrritability/behaviourchangeOxcarbazepineOxcarbazepine Hyponatraemia(morecommoninelderlypeople),
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