毕业设计说明书 升降机.doc
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1、物料提升机三维建模与虚拟设计摘 要物料提升机是建筑工地上一种常用的垂直运输机械。与塔式起重机、施工电梯相比较,它的优点在于结构简单,制造容易。安装拆卸灵活,使用方便,价格低廉,是一种投资少,效益显著的施工机具,在建筑施工中广泛使用。物料提升机主要有卷扬机和架体两大部分组成,卷扬机可根据需要向厂家购置成品,架体结构简单,主要有各种型钢焊接或采用螺栓连接组成。由于操作完全由人的行为控制,因而需要安装各种保护装置,防止误操作以防安全事故的发生。物料提升机的安全装置一般有安全停靠装置、断绳保护装置、上下极限限位装置、超载限位器、吊笼安全门、缓冲器、进出料口安全防护门、防砸防护棚、防物料坠落安全立网等安
2、全设施。这些安全装置、设施有的是提升机机具本身要求具备,有的是在现场使用必须采取的安全措施。机具的提供单位和使用单位相互配合完成,才能满足他的安全使用要求。本次设计根据以上要求及国家相关规定龙门架及井架物料提升机安全技术规范的各项要求,查阅了国内外的大量资料,设计了一部物料提升机,其结构主要由天梁、架体、吊栏、底架、井架基础、围栏等部件组成。本文在第一章中首先概括介绍了物料提升机的结构。再进一步介绍了其当今的发展状况,明确了对物料提升机研究的重要性,为设计提供了参考,并提出了此次设计的主要思路及研究手段。在当今市场竞争激烈,计算机软硬件及网络高速发展的技术支持下,虚拟制造技术显得尤为突出。它是
3、一种计算机生成的动态的虚拟环境, 形成一个具有视觉、听觉、触觉甚至味觉和嗅觉的逼真感观世界, 人通过适当的接口置身其中, 获得一种仿佛置身于现实世界的临境感, 并通过各种虚拟设备如立体显示系统、 听觉系统、 触觉与力反馈设备等, 以自然的方式与虚拟环境中的对象进行交互 ( Interaction) , 产生沉浸( Immersion) 感, 对系统进行构想( Imagination)。在本文的第二章中通过对物料提升机进行了受力分析及相关计算,确定了该提升机的结构形式及其运动状态后,根据已有的提升机参考资料,用AUTOCAD绘制出二维工程图,为后面的三维建模提供参考。在计算、二维参考图纸全部准备
4、结束之后,便对其进行三维实体建模。这里采用了美国PTC公司推出的一套三维CAD/CAM参数化设计软件PRO/E进行三维建模、虚拟制造。在本文的第三章中主要详细介绍了物料提升机架体的主要零部件建模及其装配方法。对其他部件也作了简单介绍,并在最后对物料提升机进行了总装配。在全部装配完成后,为了了解整个提升机的自身属性及其工作性能,须对整机架体做一些机械相关分析。这里对整机作了简单的质量属性分析和全局干涉检查。通过对模型的质量属性分析,可以获得模型的体积、总的表面积、质量、重心位置、惯性力矩以及惯性张量等数据。而全局干涉检查可以解决各个零部件间的干涉情况。从最后的分析结果显示该物料提升机符合相关设计
5、要求。关键词:提升机 钢结构 设计计算 Pro/E三维建模 虚拟制造Three-dimensional Modeling and Virtual DESIGN Of Material HoistAbstractMaterial hoist is a common vertical transport machinery on construction site. Compared to the tower crane and construction elevator, the advantage is its simple structure and easy manufacturing.
6、The installation of demolition is flexbile, easy to use, low cost, and is a small investment, efficiency of construction machinery significantly, which is widely used in construction.Material hoist often composed two major parts which is winch and frame. Winch may be needed to purchase products from
7、 the manufacturers, and the simple frame always welded or bolted connections with varieties of steel. As a result of operating entirely controlled by human behavior, there need to install a variety of protection devices to prevent the occurrence of safety incidents by disoperation. Material hoist sa
8、fety devices are generally contain docking devices、the protection device for rope off、upper and lower limits of limit devices、overload limit、and the safety of passenger hoists doors, bumpers, security entrance and exit into and out of doors, anti-studio smashing protection, anti-material falling saf
9、ety net safety facilities,etc.Some of these safety devices and facilities are required of their own, and other security measures must be taken to use in the Construction site. The provision of equipment units and the use of units to complete each other in order to meet the requirements of the safe u
10、se of it.This design based on the requirements above and in accordance with relevant provisions of the State “Gantry hoist and derrick safety materials, technical specifications” of the request, access to large amounts of data at home and abroad, and designed this material hoist. The main structure
11、are consist of horizontal beam frame body, hanging bar, chassis, head frame foundation, fences and other components. It is a dynamic computer-generated virtual environment to create a visual, hearing, touch and even taste and smell and feel of the real world, human exposure through appropriate inter
12、face which seems to obtain a real-world exposure to the flu throughout the Provisional and through a variety of equipment such as a virtual three-dimensional display system, auditory system, tactile and force feedback devices, so as to approach the natural environment and virtual interactive objects
13、, arising from immersion sense of the concept of the system. In the second chapter, through some related analysis and calculation of the material hoist to determine the hoist structure and motion, in accordance with the existing reference materials hoist, a two-dimensional drawing with AUTOCAD engin
14、eering drawings for the following three-dimensional modeling to provide reference. In the calculation, two-dimensional drawings of all the preparations for the end of the reference, and then to make three-dimensional solid modeling. Here we use a set of three-dimensional CAD / CAM design software pa
15、rameters of PRO / E introduced by PTC of the United States to make three-dimensional modeling and virtual manufacturing. In Chapter 3 of this article described in detail in the main rack of materials to upgrade the main components and assembly modeling approach. There also made a introduce for other
16、 parts briefly, and in the final made the total assembly of this material hoist. Upon completion of all the assembly, in order to gain a better understanding of their own hoist and its performance attributes, we should do some mechanical analysis to the whole body aircraft. Here briefly on the whole
17、 the mass attribute analysis and global interference checking. Through the analysis of the mass attributes for the model, we can get the size of available models, with a total surface area, mass, center of gravity location and inertia moment of inertia tensor data, and so on. And global interference
18、 checking can solve the interference between the various components. From the final results of the analysis, we can see that the material hoist line with the relevant design requirements.Key Words:Hoist; steel; Design calculation; Pro/E modeling; virtual manufacturing目 录摘 要ABSTRACT第一章 引 言11.1 物料提升机概
19、述11.2 物料提升机的研究现状11.3 本次设计的主要思路和方法2第二章 物料提升机的设计计算32.1 设计计算概述32.2计算模型建立42.3计算工况确定42.4计算载荷确定52.5各工况下的载荷分析计算92.6整机架体应力分析102.7天梁应力计算162.8小把杆强度校核172.9整机扶墙架设计计算19第三章 物料提升机主要零部件的三维建模及装配303.1 概述303.2 物料提升机主要零部件的三维建模313.2.1结构架体的建模313.2.2天梁的建模403.2.3停层器的建模453.2.4吊栏的建模463.2.5井架基础的建模473.2.6围栏的建模473.2.7底架的建模493.3
20、 物料提升机主要零部件的装配503.4 小结52第四章 物料提升机相关机械分析534.1 模型的质量属性分析534.2 装配干涉检查55第五章 总 结56参考文献57致 谢59第一章 引 言1.1 物料提升机概述井架提升机,简称并字架或井架,俗称绞车架,是在传统的钢井架基础上发展起来的,是由钢结构立柱、吊笼、卷扬机、钢索、滑轮及导向装置、附墙支撑和超高位限制器等组成。由于它制作简单,成本低廉,使用方便,综合经济效益高,颇受施工企业的欢迎。在我国一些地区的高层建筑施工中,用井架提升机作为起重运输机械主机的补充,特别在高层建筑的装修阶段,使用井架提升机可获得较好的经济效益。井架提升机的优点有投资小
21、、费用省、操作简单、占地少和效率高等,可是井架提升机只能进行垂直运输,不能进行水平运输,更不能同时进行垂直和水平运输,所附摇头拔杆的起重量和回转半径均属有限,能活动的空间不大。因此用以承担高层建筑结构施工是存在困难和本便的。此外,在司机监控、自动停层以及操作精确方面,也是难以同塔式起重机相竞争的。然而,在高层和超高层结构施工中,持别是在钢结构高层建筑施工中,在进行平行流水立体交叉作业快速施工和装修工程提前插入的情况下,由于井架起重机的费用低廉,安装容易和运输量大,因此,它在解决垂直运输作业的沉重负担方而所能发挥的作用是不容忽视和低估的1.2 物料提升机的研究现状井架起重设备的钢塔架可由杆件拼装
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