阅读理解技巧掌握.doc

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1、阅读理解技巧掌握考试大纲要求1、理解主旨和要义2、理解文中具体信息；3、根据上下文推断生词的词义；4、做出简单判断和推理；5、理解文章的基本结构；6、理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 第一类题：主旨大意题寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。而整篇文章的主题句往往隐藏在首段或尾段。常见提问方式：1. The main idea of the passage is _.2. Which of the following statements best summarizes the authors main poin

2、t?3. This paragraph centers/focuses on _.4. This passage is chiefly concerned with _.5. The authors purpose in writing this passage is _.6. What is the best title of the passage? 解题时常犯的错误：1.可能属文中某个具体事实或细节2.可能属从文中某些 (不完全的) 事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。3.可能属非文章事实的主观臆断正确的应该是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳 概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。应试策略：

3、树立语篇意识，重视文章结构1.把握文章的逻辑结构2.抓主题句3.根据论述详略确定。通常与主题有关部分有较详尽的论述，而与主题关系不够密切的部分论述较为简略。 浙江：Tell a story and tell it well, and you may open wide the eyes of a child, open up lines of communication in a business, or even open peoples mind to another culture or race. People regard storytelling not only as a use

4、ful tool in child education, but also as a meaningful activity that helps adults understand themselves as well as those whose culture may be very different from their own. We are all storytellers. We all have a story to tell. We tell everybodys story.Question: Whats the main idea of the text?A.Story

5、telling can influence the way people think.B. Storytelling is vital to the growth of business.C. Storytelling is the best way to educate children in school.D. Storytelling helps people understand themselves and others.全国卷：It is not easy being a teenager nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager.

6、 You can make you child feel angry,hurt,or misunderstand by what you say without realizing it yourself. It is important to give your child the space he needs to grow while gently letting him know that you will still be there for him when he needs you. Expect a lot from your child,just not everthing

7、. Except for health and safety problems, such as drug use or careless driving, consider everything else open to discussion. If your child is unwilling to discuss something, dont insist he tell you whats on his mind. The more you insist, the more likely that he will calm up . Instead, let him attempt

8、 to slove things by himself. At the same time, remind him that you are always there for him should he seek advice or help. Show respect for your teenagers privacy. Never read his mail or listen in on personal conversations. Teach your teenager that the family phone is for the whole family . If your

9、child talks on the familys telephone for too long, tell him he can talk for 15 minutes, but then he must stay off the phone for at least an equal period of time. This not only frees up the line so that other family members can make and receive calls , but teaches your teenager moderation. Or if you

10、are open to the idea, allow your teenager his own phone that he pays for with his own pocket money or a part-time job.68 .the main purpose of the text is to tell parents _A how to get along with a teenager B how to respect a teenagerC how to understand a teenager D how to help a teenager grow up.69.

11、The last paregraph is about how to teach a teenager _A to use the phone in a sensible way B to pay for his own telephoneC to share the phone with friends D to answer the phone quickly巩固练习：主旨大意题1.Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and leady to more effective medicine, say UK research

12、ers.Their study found that Theobromine , found in cocoa , was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present.which of the following would be the best title for the text?_A codeine: a new medicine B chocolate May cure coughsC cou

13、gh Treatment: a hard case D theobromine can cause coughs2.Five million people visit Grand canyon in the US every year. For the purpose of helping Canyon for your fellow visitors and future generations, please follow the guidelines below.what is the main purpose of the text?_A to provide travel infor

14、mation B to report some recent newsC to teach tourists hiking skills D to introduce the wildlife3.Photograhs are everywhere. They decorate the walls of homes and are used in stores for sales of different goods. The new is filled with pictures of fires, floods , and special events. Photos record the

15、beauties of nature. They can also bring things close that are far away. Through photos , people can see wild animals ,cities in foreign lands , and even the stars in outer space. Photos also tell stories.Reporting the news through photos is called photojournalism. At times photojournalist tell their

16、 stories through a single picture. At other times, they use a group of pictures to tell a story . each picture is like a chapter in a book, which can do more than record the facts. It can also be a strong force for social change.The text is mainly about_A telling the story through picture B decorati

17、ng the walls of homesC publishing historical papers D expressing feeling through pictures4.The” mommy and me “ time allows us to be simply alone and away with each child-taking, sharing and laughing, which has been the biggest gain. Every child deserves to be an only child at least once in a while.W

18、hat is the text mainly about?_A the experience of the only child being with motherB the advantage of spending time with one child at a timeC the happy life of two families D the basic needs of children5.Almost without thinking , i bent and gave her a hug. She held onto me tightly. Our hug ended with

19、 her remark, “ you gave an old woman a little moment of joy.” What can we learn from the story?_A giving is always a pleasure B people should respect each otherC an act of kindness can bring people great joyD people should learn to appreciate others concern.6 one August afternoon, Richard Allen drop

20、ped off his last passenger , Mrs carey, . lifting two grocery bags, he followed her across the yard and stood on the step of her house. Glancing up, he saw a large wasp nest under the roof. Allen had heard that wasps can become more likely to sting in summer. He mentioned this to Mrs carey, who had

21、opened the door.-at last he reached the station. Two Firemen ran out. Allen felt their hands grasp him before he hit the ground. You made it , he thought.Which would be the best title for the passage?_A allen , a helpless driver B wasps, bloody killersC a race against death D war against wasps第二类：事实

22、细节型此题型最普遍的特征是题干中的某些词语和表达方式与原文的词语和表达方式相吻合，因此一般采用寻读法， 即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，特别是对句子的结构进行分析，一般直接能看出来。 忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。1. Which of the following is TRUE ( Not True) according to the information in the passage?2. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?3. The aut

23、hor mentions all the following except _.4. In the passage, the author states that _.5. 以when, where, who, what, how, why, how many/much等词引导的疑问句。 常见错误归纳 ： 偷梁换柱 因果倒置 加减范围 主观臆断何谓偷梁换柱：选项整体陈述似乎与原文一样，结果个别单词或表达被替换。因果倒置：选项陈述的因果关系与文章的因果关系进行了颠倒，形成了干扰。加减范围:选项通过改变或去掉限制性短语，从而导致错误。主观臆断：表现为脱离文章内容的主观发挥，虽符合常识，但却不是文章

24、的内容。浙江卷One day, I told my mother Id changed my mind. I didnt want to make a success in the magazine business. “If you think you can change your mind like this,” she replied, “you will become a good-for-nothing.” She insisted that, as soon as school was over, I should start ringing doorbells, selling

25、 magazines. Whenever I said no, she would scold me.Question: What did the mother do when the boy wanted to give up?A. She forced him to continue. B. She punished him.C. She gave him some money. D. She changed her plan.How I turned to be optimistic 全国卷I began to grow up that winter night when my pare

26、nts and i were returning from my aunts house, and my mother said that we might soon be leaving for America. We were on the bus then. I was crying, and some people on the bus were turning around to look at me. I remember that i could not bear the thought of never hearing again the radio program for s

27、chool children to which i listened every morning. I dont remember myself crying for this reason again. In fact, i think i cried very little when i was saying goodbye to my friends and relatives. When we were leaving i thought about all the places i was going to seethe strange and magical places i ha

28、d known only from books and pictures. The country i was leaving never to come back was hardly in my head then.The four years that followed taught me the importance of optimism, but the idea did not come to me at once. For the first two years in new york i was really losthaving to study in three year

29、s in New York i was really lost having to study in three schools as a result of family noves. I did not quite know what i was or what i should be. Mother remarried, and things became even more complex for me. Some time passed before my stepfather and i got used to each other. I was often sad, and sa

30、w no end to the hard times. 56 How did the author get to know America?_A from her relatives B from her mother C from books and pictures D from raido programs58 for the first two years in New York ,the author _A often lost her way B did not think about her futureC studied in three different schools D

31、 got on well with her stepfather.练习巩固：1.A few weeks ago , wesley audrey was waiting at a harlen subway station with his two little girls when he saw a man fall into the path of a train. With seconds to act, wesley jumped onto the tracks, pulled the man into the space between the rails , and held him

32、 as the train passed right above their heads. He insits he is not a hero. He says: we have got to show each other some love.Why was Wesley Audrey praised as a hero?_A he helped a man get across the rails B he stopped a man from destroying the rails C he protected two little girls from getting hurt D

33、 he saved a person without considering his own safety.2. For almost four years i have had remarkable friend whose imagination illuminates mine. We write long letters in which we oftern discover our strangest selves. Each of us appears, sometimes in a funny way, in the other dreams . she and i agree

34、that ,at certain times, we seem to be parts of the same mind. In my most interesting moments, i often think: yes , i must tell” we have never met.According to the text, the author and her friend_A call each other regularly B have similar personalitiesC enjoy writing to each other D dream of meeting

35、each other第三类：词义猜测解题要领：1. 同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or 它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的 或递进的。2. 反义法：如hot and cold,give and receive，或者有连接词but ,however, otherwise 等连接词，根据之间的关联关系确定词的含义，或者词与词之 间都起着互为线索的作用。3. 释义法 ：对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出 并加以解释说明。4. 情景推断法：根据上下文情景线索进行猜测。(07浙江A) The following year, he met John Ridgw

36、ay and was hired as an instructor at 同义法：Ridgways School of Adventure in Scotland, where he learned about Ridgways cold-water exploits. Greatly interested, Saunders read all he could about North Pole explorers and adventures, then decided that this would be his future.Question: The underlined word “

37、exploits” is closest in meaning to _.A. journeys B. Researches C. adventures D. operations反义法Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic

38、independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved.Question: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate” ?A. repeat B. reiterated C. uneducated D. sick释义法When Andrea Peterson landed her first teaching job, she faced the daunting task of cr

39、eating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies in a climate where standard-based learning was the focus and music just provided a break for students and teachers. Question: The underlined word “daunting” most probably means _. A. discouraging B. interesting C. creative D. unbe

40、arable 情景法：One night the wind howled loudly in from offshore. He rushed next door to the hired hands sleeping room to wake him up. But the little man rolled over in bed and saidfirmly, “No sir.” Enraged by the response, the man wanted to fire him on the spot.Question: The underlined word “Enraged” m

41、ay probably mean_ .A. to be made angry B. to be made surprised C. to be made depressed D. to be made happy巩固练习：a brown university sleep researcher has some advice for people who run his schools. Dont start classes so early in the morning. It may not be that the student who nod off at their desks are

42、 lazy. And it may not be that their parents have failed to enforce( 确保）bedtime. Instead , it may be the biologically these sleephead students arent used to the early hour.49.the underlined phrase “nod off”most probably mean?A turn around B agree with others C full asleep D refuse to workAt the root

43、of volunteering is the idea that one person may have the ability to offer services that can help other people. Tracy , a good friend of mine, however, recently came back from India with a new idea of what being a volunteering means. she worked for two and a half weeks in one of mother Teresas homes

44、in Calcutta. The following is her story.Whats Tracys new idea of being a volunteer?A going aboard to help the sick B working in mother Teresas homeC doing simple things to help the poor D improving oneself through helping others.“oh” mom said “thats Mamas quiltI spread the quilt. It looked as if a g

45、roup of school children had pieced it together :irrugular designs, childish pictures, a crooked line on the right.“grandmother made this?” i said , surprised . my grandmother was a master at making quilts. This didnt certainly look like any of the quilts she had made.The underlined word “crooked” in

46、 the passage most probably means_A unfinished B broken C bent D unusualClimbing attracts people because it is good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can bec

47、ome stronger.The word “workout” underlined in the last paragraph most probably meansA settlement B exercise C excitement D tirednessAs we set out, I was shocked at how narrow the path was. And I couldnt help noticing that the other tourists werent like us. They had heavy backpacks, water bottles, an

48、d hats. But as usual we were dressed. As the sun rose higher, Arizons famous heat seemed to roast us. There was no shade and our legs were aching. We decided to go back, with the girl on my back and the boys far behind. By the time we finally got back, our legs were like jelly.The next day, after we had