肺孤立性炎性结节的CT诊断.doc
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1、肺孤立性炎性结节的CT诊断刘 伟长宁区中心医院 影像科 上海市 摘要 目的 探讨肺孤立性炎性结节的CT特征。材料与方法 回顾性分析23例经手术病理或临床证实的肺内单发炎性结节的CT表现。全部患者行螺旋CT平扫及增强扫描,结节范围行薄层靶扫描,多平面重建。除常规肺窗、纵膈窗观察外,调节窗宽、窗位以显示结节特征。结果 所有结节均无钙化、卫星灶、血管集束及肺门、纵膈淋巴结肿大。结节大小1015-3040mm,以类圆形和不规则形为主。浅分叶3例,无分叶20例。有毛刺者2例,充血征、模糊征阳性19例,胸膜反应性增厚18例,增强扫描不均匀边缘强化18例,无强化者5例。窗宽1000-2000,窗位-400左
2、右,病灶周围渗出性改变的显示最佳。多平面重建(MPR)显示结节形态及与胸膜的关系最为准确。结论 肺内孤立性炎性结节具有较明显的CT特征,综合分析各种表现,绝大多数能做出正确诊断。窗宽、窗位的选择及MPR对显示结节特征有很大帮助。关键词:肺结节,CTCT Diagnosis of Solitary Inflammatory Nodules of the LungLiu Wei Department of Radiology, Central Hospital of Chang-ning District, Shanghai, P.R.ChinaAbstract Objective: To eva
3、luate the CT features of solitary inflammatory nodules of the lung. Material and Methods: CT features twenty-three cases of solitary inflammatory nodules of the lung confirmed by operation or clinical were analyzed with CT retrospectively. Spiral CT including plainscans and contrastenhanced scans wa
4、s done for all of patients. Thin-slice target scan and multiple plane reconstruction were used on the area of nodule. Different width and level were used to show the characteristic sign of the nodules. Result: No calcification、satellite lesion、concentrated vessels and enlarged lymph nodes were found
5、 in or around all of the nodules. The size of these nodules were 1015-3040 mm with round or irregular margin. Superficial lobular or speculated margin was seen in only three nodules. Hyperemia and clouding appearance were found in 19 nodules and reflecting thickening pleura in 18 nodules. Unsteady e
6、dge enhancement was found in 18 nodules and no enhancement in 5 nodules. Effused change around the nodules could be seen perfectly when the level was about 400. MPR was the most accurate technique to show the relationship of nodule and pleura. Conclusion: Solitary inflammatory nodules of the lung ha
7、d obvious CT character. By analyzing various CT manifestations comprehensively, most nodules could be diagnosed correctly. Suitable width and level, MPR are helpful in showing the characterizes of the nodules.Key word solitary pulmonary nodules, CT 典型肺炎根据其临床症状、体征、化验检查及普通X线胸片即能较容易确诊,但临床经常遇到症状不典型或无任何症
8、状而体检发现肺内结节灶者。诊断时常需与周围性肺癌鉴别。本文总结了23例经手术、病理或临床证实的肺内单发炎性结节的CT表现,以期提高对本病的认识。1 材料与方法1.2一般资料 收集本院2000年4月至2001年5月经手术病理或临床证实的肺内单发炎性结节23例。其中男18例,女5例,年龄28-70岁,平均49岁 。除6例体检发现外,其余17例有不同程度的咳嗽、咳痰,伴发热者8例,咯血1例。手术切除5例, 余18例经抗炎治疗并随访3-8个月,病灶完全消失10例,其余8例结节明显缩小,在随访过程中3例行经皮肺穿刺活检证实为炎性结节。1.2 CT扫描技术 采用GE公司生产的Hispeed CT/i螺旋C
9、T扫描机,平扫层厚、间隔均为7mm, Pitch1-1.5,一次屏气完成从肺尖至肋膈角的全肺扫描,条件为120Kv,170mA;增强扫描用非离子性造影剂OMNIPAQUE(300mgI/ml)100ml, 肘静脉注射,速度2.5ml/s,延迟35-40秒行全肺扫描,70秒左右行结节区扫描,层厚、间隔为3-5mm,Pitch为1.0,1.5-2.5mm重建,行冠状位、矢状位或斜位显示,除常规肺窗(W1500,L-700),纵膈窗(W300,L40),根据结节显示状况调整合适的窗宽、窗位。测量平扫、增强后结节的CT值,不均匀强化者分区测量。1.3 CT征象分析1.3.1结节的内部结构,包括大小、形
10、态、密度、增强表现,有无空洞及支气管气相。1.3.2结节-肺界面,包括边界清晰或模糊、有无毛刺、棘状突起、充血征等。1.3.3邻近改变,包括血管集束征、胸膜凹陷或胸膜反应。2结果2.1内部结构,结节大小10153040mm,平均25.5mm,类圆形或不规则形,分布于肺周边,居胸膜面30mm以内,3例有浅分叶,余无分叶,4例可见支气管气相,管壁规则,走行自然。增强后18例表现为不均匀性边缘强化,强化幅度1766Hu,平均49.7Hu,5例无强化。2.2 结节肺界面,18例结节边缘模糊,充血征阳性,与有强化者相对应,纵膈肺窗缩减率均小于50%。窗宽1000-2000,窗位-400左右结节周围的渗出
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