名词冠词代词.doc

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1、名词一、名词变复数构成规则A、一般情况下，在单数名词的后面加-s。如：deskdesks,mapmaps,pencilpencilsB、以s、x、sh、ch结尾的单数名词变复数，在词尾加-es。如：bus-buses,box-boxes, peach-peachesC、以f或fe结尾的单数名词变复数，将f或fe改成v，然后再加-es。如：leaf-leaves.wolf-wolves,D、以辅音字母加y结尾的单数名词变复数，将y改成i后再加-es。如：city-cities,baby-babies,E、以o结尾，表示有生命的事物的单数名词变复数加-es；表示没有生命的事物的单数名词变复数加-s

2、。如：tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, hero-heroes radio-radios,photo-photos,zoo-zoos2.不规则变化man-men,woman-women,Englishman-Englishmen,goose-geese,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,child-children,mouse-mice3.单复数形式相同的名词:Chinese，Japanese，sheep ,deer ,fish 4.只有复数形式的名词Trousers（裤子），glasses，clothes，people，chopsticks（筷子）

3、。5.常见的不可数名词air,beef,pork,bread,fish,food,hair,ice,milk,money,news,tea,paper,time,water等二 习题精练1.写出下列名词的复数形式1、monkey _ 2、bus _ 3、duck _ 4、sheep _ 5、deer _ 6、child_ 7、foot _8、tomato_ 9、map_ 10、pencil_2. 用正确的名词形式填空 1、Lily and Lucy are my_(classmate). 2、There are seven_(sheep). 3、My uncle has two_(child)

4、. 4、How many _(book)are there in your bag ? 5、Can you give me two bottles of_(water). 3.选择正确的词填空1、We have 16 new_(lightlights).2、My friend Edward has three_(childchildren).3、How many_(wolfswolves)are there?4、Beijing is one of the biggest _（citys cities）in the world.5、Many _ (womanwomen) are singing

5、over there.冠词一、知识1定义：冠词是用在名词前面，说明名词所表示的人或事物的词。二、知识2：冠词的分类冠词分为不定冠词a, an 和定冠词the（一）不定冠词a, an不定冠词表示数量一个或一. 不定冠词a 用于辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前, an用于元音音素开头的单数可数名词前.如:a book , a pen , a girl , a worker, an arm , an apple ，an orange , an hour , an egg以字母u 开头的单词，u的发音为/ju:/时, 前面要用a ; 发音为元音音素的单词,前面都要用an 如: a useful book

6、a university an umbrella an hour an honest child an interesting story用在某些固定词组中。 Exercise:一、判断正误 a story( ) a apple ( ) a paper（ ） a orange（ ） a pretty woman（ ） an school ( ) an useful book ( )二、 用正确的a和an填空。1、（ ）cat can catch mice.2、The ant is ( ) insect .3、Lucy spends ( )hour doing her home work eve

7、ryday .4、Bobs father is ( )engineer .5、John is ( ) honest boy三、 在空格内填上a或an1. _ear 2._actor 3. _hen 4. _toy 5. _university 6. _elephant 7. _hat 8._umbrella9._rabbit 10._idea 11._hour 12_ honest boy13._interesting book 14._easy question 15._orange dress(二) 定冠词the 定冠词the通常对所修饰的名词有指定作用。1. 特指某(些)人或某(些)物，

8、这是定冠词的基本用法。Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。The man in blue in my father. 穿蓝衣服的男人是我爸爸。2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。Open the window please. 请把窗户打开。(双方都知道指的是哪一扇窗户)3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。 There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. 窗户附近有一把椅子。椅子上坐着一位年轻妇女，怀里抱着一个婴儿。I have

9、a book. The book is very interesting. 我有一本书。这本书非常有趣。4.指世上独一无二的事物。Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth or the moon?太阳、地球和月亮哪个最大？A kite is flying in the sky. 一只风筝在天空中飞翔。5.用在乐器名称前。Do you like playing the piano? 你喜欢弹钢琴吗？6. 用在集合名词前，指一个整体。The family are all music lovers. 全家人都是音乐爱好者。The public are the

10、best judges. 公众是最好的审判员。7.用在序数词、形容词最高级前。The first truck is the fastest of all. 第一辆货车跑得最快。8.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。the Great wall长城 the Summer Palace颐和园9.用在某些形容词前，表示复数意义的某类人。the rich富人 the sick病人 the old老人 the young年轻人10.用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”。The Turners are going home on a train.11.用在方位词前。on the left在左边 i

11、n the east在东方 at the back/front of在的后/前面12.用在某些固定词组中。 all the time 一直at the same time 同时by the way 顺便说in the end 最后in the morning在上午on the earth 在地球上the day after tomorrow 后天the day before yesterday 前天3. 知识3：不用冠词的情况1）在物质名词，抽象名词前不用冠词 2）专有名词前通常不用定冠词：3） 在星期、月份，季节，节日等名词前：4）名词前有物主代词，指示代词，不定代词，名词所有格修饰时5）

12、在球类运动、一日三餐、学科和语言的名词前 6）固定短语：四、课堂练习1.Mom tells her little daughter old story every night. A. a B. / C. an D. the2. computer on the table is Susans. A. A B. An C. The D. /3.There is map of the world on wall. map is mine.A. a, a, A B. a, the, The C. the, the, The D. the, the, A4. Whites live on floor.

13、A. /, three B. A, third C. The, third D.The, the third5. Spring comes after winter. A. /, / B.The, / C.The, the D.A, the6.I bought shoes yesterday. shoes are very beautiful.A. a, The B. a pair of, The C. the, The D. a pair, The pair7.He was soldier in the Second World War. A. a B. an C. the D. /8.Sh

14、e can play and .A. the tennis, the guitar B. tennis, guitar C. the tennis, guitar D. tennis, the guitar9.I can see moon and clouds in the sky. A. the, a B. a, a C. the, / D. the, the10. “c” is in “cat.” “s” is in “sat.” A. An, An B. An, A C. A, A D. A, An11. Tiananmen Square is in Beijing.A. /, / B.

15、 A, / C. The, / D. /, the12.Can you tell me nearest bookshop? Go straight and turn right at_third crossing, and you will see it.A. the, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, /代词一、概念人称代词是表示我、你、他/她/它、我们、你们和（他/她/它）们的词。人称代词有人称、格和数的变化，具体见下表：数格人称单 数复 数主 格宾 格主 格宾 格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheh

16、eritit二、人称代词的用法1一般情况下，人称代词的主格作主语，放在句子的开头。I am a teacher. 我是一名教师。（I是主语）You are 10 years old. 你10岁了。（You 是主语）He is my friend. 他是我的朋友。（He是主语）It is hot today. 今天天气热。（It是主语）2宾格作宾语，通常放在动词，如：let, like, help,give,ask等的后面；或介词，如：for, to, of,at等的后面。Lets go .(lets =let us)Can you help me？你能帮我吗？（me是宾语）The cake i

17、s for you.这个蛋糕是给你的。（you是宾语）在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或用在not后，多用宾格。-I like English.-Me too.-Who broke the window?-Me.(me作表语= Its me.)Why not me?(为什么不是我？)3作表语,口语中常用宾格-Who is that？-Its me. 是谁啊？是我。（me是表语）三、注意1人称代词I无论放在句首、句中或句尾，都要大写。2人称代词she除了指女性“她”之外，还可以指祖国、月亮等拟人的东西。表示一种亲密或爱抚的感情。 如：I love my country. She is great

18、.The moon is in the sky. She is round and bright.四、It的特殊用法1一般情况下，it表示人以外的动物和东西，是单数名词的代词，译为“它”。Where is your car？It is over there. 你的小汽车在哪儿？（它）在那边。2但在表示天气、时间、距离等时，用it来代替，此时的it，并不译为“它”。1）指天气:It is sunny today. 今天阳光灿烂。2）指气候:Its cold in this room. 这个房间很冷。3）指时间:What time is it？Its six thirty. 几点了？六点半了。4）

19、指距离:How far is it from here to the park？ 从这儿到公园有多远？Its about two miles. 大约是二英里。3“ it ” 有时也可指人。 Its me. Open the door, please.五、并列人称代词的排列顺序：1、单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：第二人称第三人称第人称如：you，he，and I 2、复数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：第一人称第二人称第三人称weyouthey注意：如果是做错事，承担责任时，说话的人把I放在第一位。Who broke the window？谁打碎了玻璃？I and Li Ming.我和李明

20、.（二）物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，物主代词也有人称和数的变化，见下表： 人称类别单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs汉语我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他（她、它）们的形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名词，表示是属于谁的东西。如：I love my country.而名词性物主代词(mine/you

21、rs/his/hers/its/ours/theirs则相单于对应的形容词性物主代词+名词,故其后不必加名词。如：Is this your book? No, it isnt，its hers(her book) /Jims /Toms/Marias This is her book. = This book is hers.（三）指示代词表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词叫做指示代词。指示代词有this，that，these，those等。this（复数形式是these），是指在时间上或空间上离说话人较近的人或物。that（复数形式是those），是指在时间上或空间上

22、离说话人较远的人或物。This girl is Mary.Those men are my teachers. I am busy these days. （我这些日子很忙。） That is a red car. What do you like? I like this. 练习题一、填写下面的表格。格性数人称主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称单数Imy复数usours第二人称单数youyouryours复数you第三人称单数himhissheheritits复数them二、用人称代词代替下单词或词组。1Mike 2Mr White 3Tom and I 4Joan and Jo

23、hn 5My father 6the rabbit 7Miss White 8Kate,Tim and I 9Joans mother 10their brother 三、选词填空。1._willspendthesummerholidayinHawaii.A.She,youandIB.You,sheandIC.I,youandsheD.Her,meandyou2.Myuncleboughtanewbikefor_.A.theirsB.theyC.meD.I3. She is a student, _ name is Julia. A. its B. her C. hers D. his4. C

24、ould you help _ with _ English, please.A. I, my B. me, me C. me, my D. my, I5. A friend of _ came here yesterday.A. my B. his C. him D. himself6. _ pencil-box is beautiful. But _ is more beautiful than _.A. Toms, my, he B. Toms, mine, his C. Toms, mine, him D. Toms, my, his7. Most of _like Chinese f

25、ood.A. they B. Their C. Them D. theirs8. Dont you let _ help you ? A. I and my friend B. my friend and I C. my friend and me D. my friend and I to9. She gave the erasers to Lucy and _ .A. I B. me C. my D. mine10. Thats not _, it is_. I made it _ .A. ours, mine, myself B. your, mine, myself C. yours,

26、 her, myself D. yours, my, myself四、选出括号中正确的词，在正确的词上打勾。1. This is（my / I）mother. 2. Nice to meet （your / you）.3. （He/ His ）name is Mark. 4. Whats（she / her ）name?5. Excuse（me / my / I）. 6. Are（your / you）Miss Li?7. （I/ My）am Ben. 8. （She / Her）is my sister.9. Fine , thank （your / you ）. 10. How old i

27、s （he / his）五、用适当的人称代词填空：1._ismyaunt.Weoftenvisit_. ( she )2. Chinaisadevelopingcountry._isintheeastofAsia. ( its )3. Iownabluebike.Theredoneisnt_. ( I )4.Thesenewhousesaresonice._areveryexpensive.( them )5.Thefishermencaughtalotoffish,didnt_? ( them )6.LingLingisagirl._studiesinaprimaryschool._brotherliveswith_andhelps_with_ lessons. ( she )7.Mikeismyclassmate._isgoodatEngliush. ( his )8.Katewantsaglassofmilk.Willyoupassitto_? ( she )9.Whatstheweatherliketoday?_iscloudy. ( its )