中考英语初三现在完成时和过去完成时.doc
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1、第七讲 一般现在时/一般过去时/现在完成时/过去完成时【学习目标】对初一,初二所学过的几种时态进行系统复习,并通过反复地讲解和练习,对每种时态可以做到灵活运用。本讲重点讲解一般现在时/一般过去时/现在完成时/过去完成时。【知识要点】一般现在时一.使用情境1.经常发生或反复发生的动作或是习惯。e.g we go to school from Monday to Friday .2.永恒的真理。e.g The sun rises in the east and set in the west.3.在时间条件状语从句中,从句用一般现在时表将来。e.g if he is very easy-going
2、 ,I shall make friends with him.二时态标志always. usually. often. sometimes. every day. every week三.谓语构成1当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要加-s或-es.she often lends money to others and never gets any money back.2. 当主语是其他人称时,谓语动词要用原形。We always listen to our teacher carefully in the class.一般过去时的构成及用法一、定义: 表示在过去的某个时间里所发生的动作或存
3、在的状态。时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, in 1982等。1)I was at the zoo yesterday. 昨天我在动物园。2)I went to bed at eleven last night . 昨晚我11:00睡觉。2表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。1)When I was a child, I often played football in the street.我在小的时候,我经常在街道上踢足球。2)My father often drove to work last year. 去年,我爸爸经常开车上班。
4、二、句子结构1在表示某个时间里存在的状态的句子,系动词用过式was,were构成。如:(1)I was at home yesterday.昨天我在家。 2在表示过去某个时间里发生的动作,用动词的过去式构成。如:I visited my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜访了我的叔叔。 现在完成时态1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。 基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词(done)用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。结
5、构:have (has) +过去分词。肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他) 二现在完成时态的标志性词语有以下与这一时态连用的时间状语有: already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently, by the end of this month, since, for 短语,连词 since 引导的时间状语从句。 例句:I have already
6、 done my homework. I havent done my homework yet.三在现在完成时中,短暂性动词不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。将其转化为持续性动词后方可使用。begin-be on finish-be over die be dead borrow keepbuy have join be in /a member ofleave be away come/go be here 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别: 1.概念区别:一般过去时只表示过去某一特定时间发生的动作,与现在不发生联系;现在完成时表示过去动作对现在造成的影响和结果,强调现在的情况。 2.标志区别
7、:一般过去时的时间状语有: 时间段+ago, last +时间, yesterday, the day before yesterday, just now, in+过去的年份等。而现在完成时的时间状语never, ever , just, yet, before , already等。 例: I read this book two weeks ago . I have read this book three times.3.如果询问某事发生的时间、地点只能用一般过去时,而不能用现在完成时.下列句型中常用现在完成时It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句This
8、(That / It)is the first(second)time that + 完成时过去完成时定义:过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。 它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。 基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done) 肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他. 否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他. 一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他?时间状语before,when,after,by+,until, once,had no soonerthan (1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作. (2)动词thi
9、nk, want, hope, plan, intend, wish, expect, intend, mean, suppose等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法,希望,打算或意图等。 例如: They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他们本来打算去帮忙,但没有及时赶到那里。 (3)过去完成时还可用在hardlywhen, no soonerthan, It was the first (second, etc) time (that)等固定句型中。 例如: Hardly had he begun to speak
10、when the audience interrupted him. 他刚开始演讲,听众就打断了他。 【经典练习】 二选择题1.【2012福建福州】37. Hello, may I speak to Mr. Smith?www*.z#zstep.co&m% Sorry, he isnt in. He _the office.A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been away中国#教育出%版网*2.【2012贵州贵阳】36. “Have you ever been to Tokyo?” “Yes, I _ there twice. Its a moder
11、n city.” A. have gone B. have been C. had gone3.【2012北京】32. I _ Mr. Smith since he moved to Shanghai.A. didnt hear fromB. dont hear fromC. wont hear fromD. havent heard from4.【2012甘肃鸡西市】25. My grandpa is sleeping. Will you please_the radio?A. turn downB. turn upC. turn on5.【2012甘肃鸡西市】28. They_five d
12、ays finishing the work. A. paidB. tookC. spent 6.【2012甘肃鸡西市】30. She_ her hometown for many years. No one nearly knows her.A. has been away fromB. has leftC. had left7.【2012广东】39. Our English teacher is very nice. We friends since three years ago.A. wereB. becameC. have beenD. have madewww.zzste%#8.【
13、2012广东】43. You havent been to the West Lake, have you?. But I will go there with my parents this summer vacation.来源#&:中教网%A. No, I havent B. No, I didntC. Yes, I haveD. Yes, I did9.【2012广西玉林】34. I cant find Ted for three days. Where is he?来源:zzstep.c&%*#omHe _ Beijing for a meeting. A. has been to B
14、. has gone to C. have been to D. have gone to 10.【2012贵州铜仁】33.Mr Wang isnt here ,I think he_ Guiyang.A. has gone to B. has been to C. goes D. went中国教育出版&网*#11.【2012黑龙江齐齐哈尔】32. Summer holiday is coming, Li Lei with his father_to go to Shanghai.来源:中*国教育出版网%#A. wantB. will wantC. wants12【2011湖北恩施】28. H
15、e _ go out with his parents, but now he _ staying at home alone.A. used to; is used toB. is used to; used toC. use to; is used towww#.&zzste*13.【2011湖北恩施】34. When did you buy the computer?中国#教育出*版网%I have _ this computer for 5 years, but it still works well.来源:中*国教育出版网A. boughtB. haveC. had中国教育&出*
16、版网# 来%14.【2012 湖北黄石】38.Not only Jam but also his parents_a few interesting places since they came to China.A.will visit B.has visited C.have visited D.visited 15.【2012湖北十堰】34. Ben is a foreign teacher. So far, he _ in Shiyan for five years. 来源:中国%教育&*出版网 A. was teachingB. has taughtC. will teachD. t
17、aught16.【2012湖北随州】29. When and where to spend the holiday _ yet.Lets make it now.A. is decided B. doesnt decide C. has not been decided D. has decided17.【2012湖北武汉】32. Wheres Lisa,Eric?She_to the library.A.goes B.had goneC.has goneD.would go18.【2012湖北咸宁】28.Three _ injured students died in a hospital
18、ineast Chinas Jiangsu Province last year. Sorry to hear that. But our government _ much about the school bus safety management. CA. serious; did B. bad; did中国教#育出版&网C. seriously; has done D. badly; was done19.【2012湖南常德】22. Have you even been to Zhangjiajie?来源%:z#z& Yes, I _.A. do B. have C. was 20.【
19、2012湖南常德】24. Many trees and flowers _ in our city every year.A. planted B. are planted C. were planted 中国*#教育出&版网21.【2012湖南常德】26. If it _ fine tomorrow, I will go hiking with you.A. is B. was C. will be22.【2012湖南常德】29. Whats on the desk? There _ some books.A. be B. are C. is23.【2012江苏淮安】9. Do you kn
20、ow the moving story of Jack and Rose?来#源:zzs* Of course. I the film Titanic several times.A. seeB. sawC. have seenD. had seen来源:zzstep.co%&m*24.【2012江苏无锡】2. Have you seen Dr. Adams recently?No. He Hong Kong for an interactional meeting. Hell come back tomorrow.来源:zzst#&A. has gone inB. has been inC.
21、 has gone toD. has been tow#ww.zz*中国%教育出&版网25.【2012江苏宿迁】18. Your English is good.来&源:zzstep.c#o%mThank you. I it for three years.A. learn B. learnC. have learned D. had learned26.【2012江苏盐城】14. In the past few years, thousands of films all over the world.www.zz&st#ep.co*mA. have producedB. have been
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